流行的版本设计策略

I am currently working on a REST API, and the question was raised, how are, and how should, REST APIs be versioned? Here are the results of my research.

It seems that there are a number of people recommending using Content-Negotiation (the HTTP “Accept:” header) for API versioning. However, none of the big public REST APIs I have looked at seem to be using this approach. They almost exclusively put the API version number in the URI, with the odd exception using a custom HTTP header. I am at somewhat of a loss to explain this disconnect.

Versioning strategies in discussions

POST	VERSIONING
Stack Overflow 1	URI
Stack Overflow 2	Content Negotiation
blog post by Jeremy	Content Negotiation
ycombinator discussion	some opinions both ways
Stack Overflow 3	Content Negotiation
Stack Overflow 4	Content Negotiation
notmessenger blog post	URI (against all headers)
Peter Williams	Content Negotiation (strongly against URIs)
Apigee Blog post on API versioning	URI (some discussion)
Mark Nottingham REST versioning	Recommending essentially versionless extensibility with a HATEOS approach
Nick Berardi on REST versioning	URI
Restify	“Accept-Version” header
Tom Maguire on REST versioning	Content Negotiation
Nicholas Zakas on Rest Versioning	URI
Steve Klabnik on Rest Versioning	Content Negotiation + HATEOS
Luis Rei on Rest Versioning	Content Negotiation with (;version=1.0)
kohana forum discussion on REST versioning	Many Opinions
Troy Hunt on REST versioning	Accept Header but also support custom header and URL
Paul Gear REST versioning	Recommending essentially versionless extensibility with a HATEOS approach

Versioning strategies in popular REST APIs

API NAME	VERSIONING	EXAMPLE
Twillo	date in URI
Twitter	URI
Atlassian	URI
Google Search	URI
Github API	URI/Media Type in v3	Intention is to remove versioning in favour of hypermedia – current application/vnd.github.v3
Azure	Custom Header	x-ms-version: 2011-08-18
Facebook	URI/optional versioning	graph.facebook.com/v1.0/me
Bing Maps	URI
Google maps	unknown/strange
Netflix	URI parameter	http://api.netflix.com/catalog/titles/series/70023522?v=1.5
Salesforce	URI with version introspection	{ “label”:”Winter ’10” “version”:”20.0″, “url”:”/services/data/v20.0″, }
Google data API (youtube/spreadsheets/others)	URI parameter or custom header	“GData-Version: X.0” or “v=X.0”
Flickr	No versioning?
Digg	URI	http://services.digg.com/2.0/comment.bury
Delicious	URI	https://api.del.icio.us/v1/posts/update
Last FM	URI	http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/2.0/
LinkedIn	URI	http://api.linkedin.com/v1/people/~/connections
Foursquare	URI	https://api.foursquare.com/v2/venues/40a55d80f964a52020f31ee3?oauth_token=XXX&v=YYYYMMDD
Freebase	URI	https://www.googleapis.com/freebase/v1/search?query=nirvana&indent=true
paypal	parameter	&VERSION=XX.0
Twitpic	URI	http://api.twitpic.com/2/upload.format
Etsy	URI	http://openapi.etsy.com/v2
Tropo	URI	https://api.tropo.com/1.0/sessions
Tumblr	URI	api.tumblr.com/v2/user/
openstreetmap	URI and response body	http://server/api/0.6/changeset/create
Ebay	URI (I think)	http://open.api.ebay.com/shopping?version=713
Reddit	No versioning?
Groupon	URI	http://api.groupon.com/v2/channels//deals{.json|.xml}
Geonames
Wikipedia	no versioning I think?
Bitly	URI	https://api-ssl.bitly.com/v3/shorten
Disqus	URI	https://disqus.com/api/3.0/posts/remove.json
Yammer	URI	/api/v1
Drop Box	URI	https://api.dropbox.com/1/oauth/request_token
Amazon Simple Queue Service (Soap)	URI Parameter and WSDL URI	&Version=2011-10-01
Youtube data API versioning	URI	https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3

Versioning strategies in popular REST Libraries

LIBRARY NAME	VERSIONING	EXAMPLE
node-restify	semver versioning in an accept-Version header	accept-version: ~3
Jersey	description of how to do Accept: header versioning in Jersey	Accept: application/vnd.musicstore-v1+json

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