【Java学习笔记 - 02】遇到多个构造器参数时要考虑用构建器-优快云博客

静态工厂和构造器有个共同的局限性：它们都不能很好地扩展到大量的可选参数。考虑用一个类表示包装食品外面显示的营养成分标签。这些标签中有几个域是必须的：每份的含量、每罐的含量以及每份的卡路里，还有超过20哥可选域：总脂肪量、饱和脂肪量、转化脂肪、胆固醇、钠等等。大多数产品在某几个可选域中都会有非零的值。

对于这样的类，应该用哪种构造器或者静态方法来编写呢？

1. 重叠构造器模式

// Telescoping constructor pattern - does not scale well! public class NutritionFacts { private final int servingSize; // (mL) required private final int servings; // (per container) required private final int calories; // optional private final int fat; // (g) optional private final int sodium; // (mg) optional private final int carbohydrate; // (g) optional public NutritionFacts(int servingSize, int servings) { this(servingSize, servings, 0); } public NutritionFacts(int servingSize, int servings, int calories) { this(servingSize, servings, calories, 0); } public NutritionFacts(int servingSize, int servings, int calories, int fat) { this(servingSize, servings, calories, fat, 0); } public NutritionFacts(int servingSize, int servings, int calories, int fat, int sodium) { this(servingSize, servings, calories, fat, sodium, 0); } public NutritionFacts(int servingSize, int servings, int calories, int fat, int sodium, int carbohydrate) { this.servingSize = servingSize; this.servings = servings; this.calories = calories; this.fat = fat; this.sodium = sodium; this.carbohydrate = carbohydrate; } public static void main(String[] args) { NutritionFacts cocaCola = new NutritionFacts(240, 8, 100, 0, 35, 27); } }2. JavaBeans模式

// Builder Pattern public class NutritionFacts { private final int servingSize; private final int servings; private final int calories; private final int fat; private final int sodium; private final int carbohydrate; public static class Builder { // Required parameters private final int servingSize; private final int servings; // Optional parameters - initialized to default values private int calories = 0; private int fat = 0; private int carbohydrate = 0; private int sodium = 0; public Builder(int servingSize, int servings) { this.servingSize = servingSize; this.servings = servings; } public Builder calories(int val) { calories = val; return this; } public Builder fat(int val) { fat = val; return this; } public Builder carbohydrate(int val) { carbohydrate = val; return this; } public Builder sodium(int val) { sodium = val; return this; } public NutritionFacts build() { return new NutritionFacts(this); } } private NutritionFacts(Builder builder) { servingSize = builder.servingSize; servings = builder.servings; calories = builder.calories; fat = builder.fat; sodium = builder.sodium; carbohydrate = builder.carbohydrate; } public static void main(String[] args) { NutritionFacts cocaCola = new NutritionFacts.Builder(240, 8). calories(100).sodium(35).carbohydrate(27).build(); } }
简而言之，如果类的构造器或者静态工厂中具有多个参数，设计这种类时，Builder模式就是种不错的选择，特别是当大多数参数都是可选的时候。与使用传统的重叠构造器模式相比，使用Builder模式的客户端代码将更易于阅读和编写，构造器也比JavaBeans更加安全。