Android程序中如何启动浏览器

最新推荐文章于 2020-07-21 10:14:18 发布

iteye_17082

最新推荐文章于 2020-07-21 10:14:18 发布

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本文介绍如何在Android应用中启动系统的默认浏览器。通过发送隐式Intent可以实现这一目标，并且如果设备上安装了多个浏览器，系统会提示用户选择。此外，还提供了示例代码和Android 4.0原生浏览器的部分配置。

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本文参照自：<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/liws2010/article/details/7452957" style="color:rgb(245,149,19); line-height:25px; text-decoration:none; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)">http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/liws2010/article/details/7452957</a> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> <div> 一、启动android默认浏览器 </div> <div> 在Android程序中我们可以通过发送隐式Intent来启动系统默认的浏览器。如果手机本身安装了多个浏览器而又没有设置默认浏览器的话，系统将让用户选择使用哪个浏览器来打开连接。关于Intent的更多内容请参考《<a title="阅读全文" target="_blank" href="http://hubingforever.blog.163.com/blog/static/171040579201051210363737/" style="color:rgb(245,149,19); text-decoration:none; white-space:nowrap">常用Intent</a>》 </div> <div>示例1</div> <div> <pre class="prettyprint" style="padding:2px; border:1px solid rgb(136,136,136)"><div> Intent intent = new Intent(); </div><div> intent.setAction("android.intent.action.VIEW"); </div><div> Uri content_url = Uri.parse("http://www.163.com"); </div><div> intent.setData(content_url); </div><div> startActivity(intent); </div></pre> </div> <div>这样子，android就可以调用起手机默认的浏览器访问。</div> </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> 二、启动指定浏览器 </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> 在Android程序中我们可以通过发送显式Intent来启动指定的浏览器。 </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> 启动Android原生浏览器 </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> 示例2 </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> <pre class="prettyprint" style="padding:2px; border:1px solid rgb(136,136,136)"><div> Intent intent = new Intent(); </div><div> intent.setAction("android.intent.action.VIEW"); </div><div> Uri content_url = Uri.parse("http://www.163.com"); </div><div> intent.setData(content_url); </div><div> intent.setClassName("com.android.browser","com.android.browser.BrowserActivity"); </div><div> startActivity(intent); </div></pre> </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> <div> 只要修改以intent.setClassName("com.android.browser","com.android.browser.BrowserActivity"); </div> <div> 中相应的应用程序packagename和要启动的activity即可启动其他浏览器来 </div> <div> uc浏览器"："com.uc.browser", "com.uc.browser.ActivityUpdate“ </div> <div> opera浏览器："com.opera.mini.android", "com.opera.mini.android.Browser" </div> <div> qq浏览器："com.tencent.mtt", "com.tencent.mtt.MainActivity" </div> </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> 三、使用浏览器打开本地html文件 </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> 打开本地的html文件的时候，一定要指定某个浏览器，而不能采用方式一来浏览。 </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> 示例3 </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> <pre class="prettyprint" style="padding:2px; border:1px solid rgb(136,136,136)"><div> Intent intent = new Intent(); </div><div> intent.setAction("android.intent.action.VIEW"); </div><div> Uri content_url = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/robin.hu/help.html"); </div><div> intent.setData(content_url); </div><div> intent.setClassName("com.android.browser","com.android.browser.BrowserActivity"); </div><div> startActivity(intent); </div></pre> </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> 虽然网上很多文章说即使使用浏览器打开本地的html文件的时，文件路径不支持"files:"，不应该使用 </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> <pre class="prettyprint" style="padding:2px; border:1px solid rgb(136,136,136)">Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/robin.hu/help.html"); </pre> </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> 这种形式而是应该使用 </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> <pre class="prettyprint" style="padding:2px; border:1px solid rgb(136,136,136)">Uri content_url = Uri.parse("content://com.android.htmlfileprovider/sdcard/robin.hu/help.html");</pre> </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> 但是经过在HTC G10(Android2.3.5),Lenovo P770(Android4.0以上)测试，实际上只有 </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> <pre class="prettyprint" style="padding:2px; border:1px solid rgb(136,136,136)">Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/robin.hu/help.html");</pre> </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> 这种形式能很好的工作。 </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> <pre class="prettyprint" style="padding:2px; border:1px solid rgb(136,136,136)">Uri content_url = Uri.parse("content://com.android.htmlfileprovider/sdcard/robin.hu/help.html");</pre> </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> 这种形式反而不能很好的工作 </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> 四、对使用浏览器打开网页的封装 </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> 以下是对使用浏览器打开网页的一些封装 </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> <pre class="prettyprint" style="padding:2px; border:1px solid rgb(136,136,136)"><div> static void startBrower(Context context,String uri) </div><div> { </div><div> startBrower(context,Uri.parse(uri)); </div><div> } </div><div> static void startBrower(Context context,Uri uri) </div><div> { </div><div> Intent intent = new Intent(); </div><div> intent.setAction("android.intent.action.VIEW"); </div><div> /*其实可以不用添加该Category*/ </div><div> intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.BROWSABLE"); </div><div> intent.setData(uri); </div><div> intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); </div><div> /*如果想用浏览器打开本地html文件的话，则只能通过显式intent启动浏览器*/ </div><div> boolean explicitMode=false; </div><div> String scheme=uri.getScheme(); </div><div> if(scheme!=null&&scheme.startsWith("file")) { </div><div> explicitMode=true; </div><div> } </div><div> if(explicitMode) { </div><div> intent.setClassName("com.android.browser", "com.android.browser.BrowserActivity"); </div><div> } else { </div><div> intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.BROWSABLE"); </div><div> } </div><div> context.startActivity(intent); </div><div> } </div><div> static void startBrower(Context context,String uri,String packageName, String className) </div><div> { </div><div> startBrower(context,Uri.parse(uri),packageName,className); </div><div> } </div><div> static void startBrower(Context context,Uri uri,String packageName, String className) </div><div> { </div><div> Intent intent = new Intent(); </div><div> intent.setAction("android.intent.action.VIEW"); </div><div> intent.setData(uri); </div><div> intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); </div><div> intent.setClassName(packageName,className); </div><div> context.startActivity(intent); </div><div> } </div></pre> </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> 五、Android原生浏览器的AndroidManifest.xml </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> 以下是Android 4.0原生浏览器的AndroidManifest.xml文件 </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> <div> <pre class="prettyprint" style="padding:2px; border:1px solid rgb(136,136,136)"><div> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.android.browser"> </div><div> <original-package android:name="com.android.browser" /> </div><div> <permission android:name="com.android.browser.permission.PRELOAD" </div><div> android:label="@string/permission_preload_label" </div><div> android:protectionLevel="signatureOrSystem" /> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_DOWNLOAD_MANAGER"/> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS"/> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.USE_CREDENTIALS"/> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" /> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETED_INTENTS" /> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER" /> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK"/> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" /> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" /> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS" /> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS" /> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_ACCOUNTS" /> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="com.android.browser.permission.READ_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS"/> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="com.android.browser.permission.WRITE_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS"/> </div><div> <uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT"/> </div><div> <application android:name="Browser" </div><div> android:label="@string/application_name" </div><div> android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_browser" </div><div> android:backupAgent=".BrowserBackupAgent" </div><div> android:hardwareAccelerated="true" </div><div> android:taskAffinity="android.task.browser" > </div><div> <provider android:name=".provider.BrowserProvider2" </div><div> android:authorities="com.android.browser;browser" </div><div> android:multiprocess="true" </div><div> android:readPermission="com.android.browser.permission.READ_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS" </div><div> android:writePermission="com.android.browser.permission.WRITE_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS"> </div><div> <path-permission android:path="/bookmarks/search_suggest_query" </div><div> android:readPermission="android.permission.GLOBAL_SEARCH" /> </div><div> </provider> </div><div> <activity android:name="BrowserActivity" </div><div> android:label="@string/application_name" </div><div> android:launchMode="singleTask" </div><div> android:alwaysRetainTaskState="true" </div><div> android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden|keyboard|screenSize" </div><div> android:theme="@style/BrowserTheme" </div><div> android:windowSoftInputMode="adjustResize" > </div><div> <intent-filter> </div><div> <action android:name="android.speech.action.VOICE_SEARCH_RESULTS" /> </div><div> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </div><div> </intent-filter> </div><div> </div><div> <intent-filter> </div><div> <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" /> </div><div> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </div><div> <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" /> </div><div> <data android:scheme="http" /> </div><div> <data android:scheme="https" /> </div><div> <data android:scheme="about" /> </div><div> <data android:scheme="javascript" /> </div><div> </intent-filter> </div><div> </div><div> <intent-filter> </div><div> <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" /> </div><div> <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" /> </div><div> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </div><div> <data android:scheme="http" /> </div><div> <data android:scheme="https" /> </div><div> <data android:scheme="inline" /> </div><div> <data android:mimeType="text/html"/> </div><div> <data android:mimeType="text/plain"/> </div><div> <data android:mimeType="application/xhtml+xml"/> </div><div> <data android:mimeType="application/vnd.wap.xhtml+xml"/> </div><div> </intent-filter> </div><div>  </div><div> <intent-filter> </div><div> <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" /> </div><div> <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" /> </div><div> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </div><div> <data android:scheme="http" /> </div><div> <data android:scheme="https" /> </div><div> <data android:scheme="file" /> </div><div> <data android:mimeType="application/x-webarchive-xml"/> </div><div> </intent-filter> </div><div>  </div><div> <intent-filter android:priority="-101"> </div><div> <action android:name="android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED" /> </div><div> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </div><div> <data android:scheme="http" /> </div><div> <data android:scheme="https" /> </div><div> </intent-filter> </div><div>  </div><div> <intent-filter> </div><div> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> </div><div> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </div><div> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </div><div> <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" /> </div><div> </intent-filter> </div><div> </div><div> <intent-filter> </div><div> <action android:name="android.intent.action.WEB_SEARCH" /> </div><div> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </div><div> <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" /> </div><div> <data android:scheme="" /> </div><div> <data android:scheme="http" /> </div><div> <data android:scheme="https" /> </div><div> </intent-filter> </div><div> <intent-filter> </div><div> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MEDIA_SEARCH" /> </div><div> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </div><div> </intent-filter> </div><div> <intent-filter> </div><div> <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEARCH" /> </div><div> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </div><div> </intent-filter> </div><div> <meta-data android:name="android.app.searchable" </div><div> android:resource="@xml/searchable" /> </div><div> </activity> </div><div> <activity android:name="ShortcutActivity" </div><div> android:theme="@style/ShortcutTheme" </div><div> android:label="@string/shortcut_bookmark" </div><div> android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_shortcut_browser_bookmark"> </div><div> <intent-filter> </div><div> <action android:name="android.intent.action.CREATE_SHORTCUT" /> </div><div> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </div><div> </intent-filter> </div><div> </activity> </div><div> <activity android:name="BrowserPreferencesPage" android:label="@string/menu_preferences"> </div><div> <intent-filter> </div><div> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MANAGE_NETWORK_USAGE" /> </div><div> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </div><div> </intent-filter> </div><div> </activity> </div><div> <activity android:name="BookmarkSearch" </div><div> android:label="@string/bookmarks_search" </div><div> android:stateNotNeeded="true" </div><div> android:theme="@android:style/Theme.NoDisplay" </div><div> android:excludeFromRecents="true"> </div><div> <intent-filter> </div><div> <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEARCH" /> </div><div> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </div><div> </intent-filter> </div><div> <meta-data android:name="android.app.searchable" </div><div> android:resource="@xml/bookmarks_searchable" /> </div><div> </activity> </div><div> <activity android:name="AddBookmarkPage" android:label="Save bookmark" </div><div> android:theme="@style/DialogWhenLarge" </div><div> android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden|screenSize"> </div><div> <intent-filter> </div><div> <action android:name="android.intent.action.INSERT" /> </div><div> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </div><div> <data android:mimeType="vnd.android.cursor.dir/bookmark"/> </div><div> </intent-filter> </div><div> </activity> </div><div> </div><div> <activity android:name="ComboViewActivity"> </div><div> </activity> </div><div>  </div><div> <receiver </div><div> android:name=".widget.BookmarkThumbnailWidgetProvider" </div><div> android:label="@string/bookmarks"> </div><div> <intent-filter> </div><div> <action </div><div> android:name="android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_UPDATE" /> </div><div> <action </div><div> android:name="com.android.browser.BOOKMARK_APPWIDGET_UPDATE" /> </div><div> </intent-filter> </div><div> <meta-data </div><div> android:name="android.appwidget.provider" </div><div> android:resource="@xml/bookmarkthumbnailwidget_info" /> </div><div> </receiver> </div><div> <service </div><div> android:name=".widget.BookmarkThumbnailWidgetService" </div><div> android:permission="android.permission.BIND_REMOTEVIEWS" </div><div> android:exported="false" /> </div><div> <receiver </div><div> android:name=".widget.BookmarkWidgetProxy" </div><div> android:exported="false" /> </div><div> <activity android:name=".widget.BookmarkWidgetConfigure" </div><div> android:theme="@android:style/Theme.Holo.DialogWhenLarge"> </div><div> <intent-filter> </div><div> <action android:name="android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_CONFIGURE"/> </div><div> </intent-filter> </div><div> </activity> </div><div>  </div><div> <meta-data android:name="android.app.default_searchable" android:value=".BrowserActivity" /> </div><div> </div><div> <meta-data android:name="com.google.android.partnersetup.RLZ_ACCESS_POINT" </div><div> android:value="@string/rlz_access_point" /> </div><div> <receiver android:name=".OpenDownloadReceiver"> </div><div> <intent-filter> </div><div> <action android:name="android.intent.action.DOWNLOAD_NOTIFICATION_CLICKED"/> </div><div> </intent-filter> </div><div> </receiver> </div><div>  </div><div> <provider </div><div> android:name=".homepages.HomeProvider" </div><div> android:authorities="com.android.browser.home" </div><div> android:readPermission="com.android.browser.permission.READ_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS" </div><div> android:exported="false" /> </div><div> <receiver android:name=".AccountsChangedReceiver"> </div><div> <intent-filter> </div><div> <action android:name="android.accounts.LOGIN_ACCOUNTS_CHANGED" /> </div><div> </intent-filter> </div><div> </receiver> </div><div> <receiver android:name=".PreloadRequestReceiver" </div><div> android:permission="com.android.browser.permission.PRELOAD" > </div><div> <intent-filter> </div><div> <action android:name="android.intent.action.PRELOAD"/> </div><div> <data android:scheme="http" /> </div><div> </intent-filter> </div><div> </receiver> </div><div> <provider android:name=".provider.SnapshotProvider" </div><div> android:authorities="com.android.browser.snapshots" </div><div> android:exported="false" /> </div><div> </application> </div><div></manifest></div></pre> </div> <div style="line-height:22px; color:rgb(0,51,102)"> </div> </div> <div style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,simsun,u5b8bu4f53; font-size:14px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(245,245,245)"> 结束 </div>