Linux下添加新硬盘,分区及挂载

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#Linux #添加新硬盘 #分区及挂载

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本文详细介绍了如何查看硬盘、分区、格式化分区以及挂载硬盘的过程，包括使用fdisk命令进行分区和格式化，以及如何通过mount命令挂载分区。同时，文章还演示了如何将分区挂载到特定目录，并通过编辑fstab文件实现开机自动挂载。

1：查看挂载好的硬盘

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

#-------------- 第一块硬盘 /dev/xvda --------------------------
Disk /dev/xvda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000af342

    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/xvda2              64       26109   209202176   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/xvdd: 118 MB, 118593536 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 2113 MB, 2113929216 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 257 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home: 158.4 GB, 158418862080 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19259 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

#-------------- 第二块硬盘 /dev/xvdb --------------------------
Disk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

#-------------- 第三块硬盘 /dev/xvdc --------------------------
Disk /dev/xvdc: 63.4 GB, 63350767616 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7701 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

2：硬盘分区

上面很清楚，是三块硬盘。

第一块已经在使用了，第二，第三块还为分区。那我们下面来格式化（格式化命令： fdisk 挂载盘）

#fdisk /dev/xvdb 格式化这块硬盘

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/xvdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x40a24247.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

# fdisk 如果你不熟悉的话，就输入m，就是menu的意思。所有的fdisk命令尽收眼底
Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

#对照上面 我是想新增一个分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
#主分区我已经有了，这里我就做逻辑分区吧。 
e

#这里没有什么意思，就是分几个区，每个区大小事多少。我这里就一个区，大小全部。具体操作见下面
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-6527, default 1): 
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-6527, default 6527): 
Using default value 6527

#其实到这里，分区并没完成。 需要写入。 这里w 对照上面的菜单看
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
# 不用说了，到此已经创建完成了。

比较一下分区前后的硬盘信息还是用fdisk -l

#这里是分区前的信息

Disk /dev/xvdc: 63.4 GB, 63350767616 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7701 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

# 这里是分区后的信息

Disk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x40a24247

    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvdb1               1        6527    52428096    5  Extended

3：格式化分区

输入fdisk -l 查看以前的新创建的分区。然后用mkfs -t ext3 -c [新分区] 进行格式化。

#查询硬盘上的分区

Disk /dev/xvdc: 63.4 GB, 63350767616 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7701 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x210fa633

    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvdc1               1        7701    61858251   83  Linux

格式化/dev/xvdc1

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext3 -c /dev/xvdc1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
3866624 inodes, 15464562 blocks
773228 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
472 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424

Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done                                
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 25 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

4：挂载

我们现在来看一下硬盘的目录信息 df -h

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
                       50G  1.1G   46G   3% /
tmpfs                 497M     0  497M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/xvda1            485M   32M  428M   7% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home
                      146G  3.4G  135G   3% /home

挂载：

将/dev/xvdc1 挂载到 /disk2 下
[root@localhost /]# mkdir /disk2
[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/xvdc1 /disk2

我们现在再来看一下硬盘的目录信息

[root@localhost /]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
                       50G  1.1G   46G   3% /
tmpfs                 497M     0  497M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/xvda1            485M   32M  428M   7% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home
                      146G  3.4G  135G   3% /home
/dev/xvdc1             59G  180M   55G   1% /disk2

到此挂载就完成了。如果你重启机器以后，你会发现。disk2的目录又没了。不得重新挂载一次；当然这个肯定不是长久的解决方法

[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/fstab

增加一行：
/dev/xvdc1	/disk2	ext3	defaults	0 0

现在才真正的完成了。