JavaScript, 5 ways to call a function

本文介绍了在JavaScript中调用函数的五种不同方式。这些方法包括直接调用、使用apply或call方法、通过Function.prototype.call间接调用、作为对象方法调用以及使用setTimeout进行延迟调用。

http://devlicio.us/blogs/sergio_pereira/archive/2009/02/09/javascript-5-ways-to-call-a-function.aspx

attach: function (jid, sid, rid, callback) { this.jid = jid; this.sid = sid; this.rid = rid; this.connect_callback = callback; this.domain = Strophe.getDomainFromJid(this.jid); this.authenticated = true; this.connected = true; }, /** Function: rawInput * User overrideable function that receives raw data coming into the * connection. * * The default function does nothing. User code can override this with * > Strophe.Connection.rawInput = function (data) { * > (user code) * > }; * * Parameters: * (String) data - The data received by the connection. */ rawInput: function (data) { return; }, /** Function: rawOutput * User overrideable function that receives raw data sent to the * connection. * * The default function does nothing. User code can override this with * > Strophe.Connection.rawOutput = function (data) { * > (user code) * > }; * * Parameters: * (String) data - The data sent by the connection. */ rawOutput: function (data) { return; }, /** Function: send * Send a stanza. * * This function is called to push data onto the send queue to * go out over the wire. Whenever a request is sent to the BOSH * server, all pending data is sent and the queue is flushed. * * Parameters: * (XMLElement) elem - The stanza to send. */ send: function (elem) { if (elem !== null && typeof(elem["sort"]) == "function") { for (var i = 0; i < elem.length; i++) { this._data.push(elem[i]); } } else { this._data.push(elem); } this._throttledRequestHandler(); clearTimeout(this._idleTimeout); this._idleTimeout = setTimeout(this._onIdle.bind(this), 100); }, /** PrivateFunction: _sendRestart * Send an xmpp:restart stanza. */ _sendRestart: function () { this._data.push("restart"); this._throttledRequestHandler(); clearTimeout(this._idleTimeout); this._idleTimeout = setTimeout(this._onIdle.bind(this), 100); }, /** Function: addTimedHandler * Add a timed handler to the connection. * * This function adds a timed handler. The provided handler will * be called every period milliseconds until it returns false, * the connection is terminated, or the handler is removed. Handlers * that wish to continue being invoked should return true. * * Because of method binding it is necessary to save the result of * this function if you wish to remove a handler with * deleteTimedHandler(). * * Note that user handlers are not active until authentication is * successful. * * Parameters: * (Integer) period - The period of the handler. * (Function) handler - The callback function. * * Returns: * A reference to the handler that can be used to remove it. */ addTimedHandler: function (period, handler) { var thand = new Strophe.TimedHandler(period, handler); this.addTimeds.push(thand); return thand; }, /** Function: deleteTimedHandler * Delete a timed handler for a connection. * * This function removes a timed handler from the connection. The * handRef parameter is *not* the function passed to addTimedHandler(), * but is the reference returned from addTimedHandler(). * * Parameters: * (Strophe.TimedHandler) handRef - The handler reference. */ deleteTimedHandler: function (handRef) { // this must be done in the Idle loop so that we don't change // the handlers during iteration this.removeTimeds.push(handRef); }, /** Function: addHandler * Add a stanza handler for the connection. * * This function adds a stanza handler to the connection. The * handler callback will be called for any stanza that matches * the parameters. Note that if multiple parameters are supplied, * they must all match for the handler to be invoked. * * The handler will receive the stanza that triggered it as its argument. * The handler should return true if it is to be invoked again; * returning false will remove the handler after it returns. * * As a convenience, the ns parameters applies to the top level element * and also any of its immediate children. This is primarily to make * matching /iq/query elements easy. * * The return value should be saved if you wish to remove the handler * with deleteHandler(). * * Parameters: * (Function) handler - The user callback. * (String) ns - The namespace to match. * (String) name - The stanza name to match. * (String) type - The stanza type attribute to match. * (String) id - The stanza id attribute to match. * (String) from - The stanza from attribute to match. * * Returns: * A reference to the handler that can be used to remove it. */ addHandler: function (handler, ns, name, type, id, from) { var hand = new Strophe.Handler(handler, ns, name, type, id, from); this.addHandlers.push(hand); return hand; }, /** Function: deleteHandler * Delete a stanza handler for a connection. * * This function removes a stanza handler from the connection. The * handRef parameter is *not* the function passed to addHandler(), * but is the reference returned from addHandler(). * * Parameters: * (Strophe.Handler) handRef - The handler reference. */ deleteHandler: function (handRef) { // this must be done in the Idle loop so that we don't change // the handlers during iteration this.removeHandlers.push(handRef); }, /** Function: disconnect * Start the graceful disconnection process. * * This function starts the disconnection process. This process starts * by sending unavailable presence and sending BOSH body of type * terminate. A timeout handler makes sure that disconnection happens * even if the BOSH server does not respond. * * The user supplied connection callback will be notified of the * progress as this process happens. */ disconnect: function () { Strophe.info("disconnect was called"); if (this.connected) { // setup timeout handler this._disconnectTimeout = this._addSysTimedHandler( 3000, this._onDisconnectTimeout.bind(this)); this._sendTerminate(); } }, /** PrivateFunction: _buildBody * _Private_ helper function to generate the <body/> wrapper for BOSH. * * Returns: * A Strophe.Builder with a <body/> element. */ _buildBody: function () { var bodyWrap = $build('body', { rid: this.rid++, xmlns: Strophe.NS.HTTPBIND }); if (this.sid !== null) { bodyWrap.attrs({sid: this.sid}); } return bodyWrap; }, /** PrivateFunction: _removeRequest * _Private_ function to remove a request from the queue. * * Parameters: * (Strophe.Request) req - The request to remove. */ _removeRequest: function (req) { Strophe.debug("removing request"); var i; for (i = this._requests.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if (req == this._requests[i]) { this._requests.splice(i, 1); } } // set the onreadystatechange handler to a null function so // that we don't get any misfires req.xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {}; this._throttledRequestHandler(); }, /** PrivateFunction: _restartRequest * _Private_ function to restart a request that is presumed dead. * * Parameters: * (Integer) i - The index of the request in the queue. */ _restartRequest: function (i) { var req = this._requests[i]; if (req.dead === null) { req.dead = new Date(); } this._processRequest(i); }, /** PrivateFunction: _processRequest * _Private_ function to process a request in the queue. * * This function takes requests off the queue and sends them and * restarts dead requests. * * Parameters: * (Integer) i - The index of the request in the queue. */ _processRequest: function (i) { var req = this._requests[i]; var reqStatus = -1; try { if (req.xhr.readyState == 4) { reqStatus = req.xhr.status; } } catch (e) { Strophe.error("caught an error in _requests[" + i + "], reqStatus: " + reqStatus); } if (typeof(reqStatus) == "undefined") { reqStatus = -1; } var now = new Date(); var time_elapsed = req.age(); var primaryTimeout = (!isNaN(time_elapsed) && time_elapsed > Strophe.TIMEOUT); var secondaryTimeout = (req.dead !== null && req.timeDead() > Strophe.SECONDARY_TIMEOUT); var requestCompletedWithServerError = (req.xhr.readyState == 4 && (reqStatus < 1 || reqStatus >= 500)); var oldreq; if (primaryTimeout || secondaryTimeout || requestCompletedWithServerError) { if (secondaryTimeout) { Strophe.error("Request " + this._requests[i].id + " timed out (secondary), restarting"); } req.abort = true; req.xhr.abort(); oldreq = req; this._requests[i] = new Strophe.Request(req.data, req.origFunc, req.rid, req.sends); req = this._requests[i]; } if (req.xhr.readyState === 0) { Strophe.debug("request id " + req.id + "." + req.sends + " posting"); req.date = new Date(); try { req.xhr.open("POST", this.service, true); } catch (e) { Strophe.error("XHR open failed."); if (!this.connected) this.connect_callback(Strophe.Status.CONNFAIL, "bad-service"); this.disconnect(); return; } // Fires the XHR request -- may be invoked immediately // or on a gradually expanding retry window for reconnects var sendFunc = function () { req.xhr.send(req.data); }; // Implement progressive backoff for reconnects -- // First retry (send == 1) should also be instantaneous if (req.sends > 1) { // Using a cube of the retry number creats a nicely // expanding retry window var backoff = Math.pow(req.sends, 3) * 1000; setTimeout(sendFunc, backoff); } else { sendFunc(); } req.sends++; this.rawOutput(req.data); } else { Strophe.debug("_throttledRequestHandler: " + (i === 0 ? "first" : "second") + " request has readyState of " + req.xhr.readyState); } }, /** PrivateFunction: _throttledRequestHandler * _Private_ function to throttle requests to the connection window. * * This function makes sure we don't send requests so fast that the * request ids overflow the connection window in the case that one * request died. */ _throttledRequestHandler: function () { if (!this._requests) { Strophe.debug("_throttledRequestHandler called with " + "undefined requests"); } else { Strophe.debug("_throttledRequestHandler called with " + this._requests.length + " requests"); } if (!this._requests || this._requests.length === 0) { return; } if (this._requests.length > 0) { this._processRequest(0); } if (this._requests.length > 1 && Math.abs(this._requests[0].rid - this._requests[1].rid) < this.window - 1) { this._processRequest(1); } }, /** PrivateFunction: _onRequestStateChange * _Private_ handler for Strophe.Request state changes. * * This function is called when the XMLHttpRequest readyState changes. * It contains a lot of error handling logic for the many ways that * requests can fail, and calls the request callback when requests * succeed. * * Parameters: * (Function) func - The handler for the request. * (Strophe.Request) req - The request that is changing readyState. */ _onRequestStateChange: function (func, req) { Strophe.debug("request id " + req.id + "." + req.sends + " state changed to " + req.xhr.readyState); if (req.abort) { req.abort = false; return; } // request complete var reqStatus; if (req.xhr.readyState == 4) { reqStatus = 0; try { reqStatus = req.xhr.status; } catch (e) { // ignore errors from undefined status attribute. works // around a browser bug } if (typeof(reqStatus) == "undefined") { reqStatus = 0; } if (this.disconnecting) { if (reqStatus >= 400) { this._hitError(reqStatus); return; } } var reqIs0 = (this._requests[0] == req); var reqIs1 = (this._requests[1] == req); if ((reqStatus > 0 && reqStatus < 500) || req.sends > 5) { // remove from internal queue this._removeRequest(req); Strophe.debug("request id " + req.id + " should now be removed"); } // request succeeded if (reqStatus == 200) { // if request 1 finished, or request 0 finished and request // 1 is over Strophe.SECONDARY_TIMEOUT seconds old, we need to // restart the other - both will be in the first spot, as the // completed request has been removed from the queue already if (reqIs1 || (reqIs0 && this._requests.length > 0 && this._requests[0].age() > Strophe.SECONDARY_TIMEOUT)) { this._restartRequest(0); } // call handler Strophe.debug("request id " + req.id + "." + req.sends + " got 200"); func(req); this.errors = 0; } else { Strophe.error("request id " + req.id + "." + req.sends + " error " + reqStatus + " happened"); if (reqStatus === 0 || (reqStatus >= 400 && reqStatus < 600) || reqStatus >= 12000) { this._hitError(reqStatus); if (reqStatus >= 400 && reqStatus < 500) { this.connect_callback(Strophe.Status.DISCONNECTING, null); this._doDisconnect(); } } } if (!((reqStatus > 0 && reqStatus < 10000) || req.sends > 5)) { this._throttledRequestHandler(); } } }, /** PrivateFunction: _hitError * _Private_ function to handle the error count. * * Requests are resent automatically until their error count reaches * 5. Each time an error is encountered, this function is called to * increment the count and disconnect if the count is too high. * * Parameters: * (Integer) reqStatus - The request status. */ _hitError: function (reqStatus) { this.errors++; Strophe.warn("request errored, status: " + reqStatus + ", number of errors: " + this.errors); if (this.errors > 4) { this._onDisconnectTimeout(); } }, /** PrivateFunction: _doDisconnect * _Private_ function to disconnect. * * This is the last piece of the disconnection logic. This resets the * connection and alerts the user's connection callback. */ _doDisconnect: function () { Strophe.info("_doDisconnect was called"); this.authenticated = false; this.disconnecting = false; this.sid = null; this.streamId = null; this.rid = Math.floor(Math.random() * 4294967295); // tell the parent we disconnected if (this.connected) { this.connect_callback(Strophe.Status.DISCONNECTED, null); this.connected = false; } // delete handlers this.handlers = []; this.timedHandlers = []; this.removeTimeds = []; this.removeHandlers = []; this.addTimeds = []; this.addHandlers = []; }, /** PrivateFunction: _dataRecv * _Private_ handler
08-08
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