apache tomcat集群负载均衡 session同步-优快云博客

本文详细介绍如何通过Apache和mod_jk实现Tomcat集群及负载均衡，并配置session复制确保高可用性。

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一、环境搭建：
* 准备机器两台：192.168.0.2、192.168.0.3

* 下载apache2.2.9,地址：http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi ，安装在192.168.0.2的D:\Apache

* 下载apache-tomcat-5.5.26.zip,地址：http://tomcat.apache.org/download-55.cgi ，分别解压到192.168.0.2、192.168.0.3的D:\Tomcat5.5

* 下载mod_jk，在这里找：http://tomcat.apache.org/download-connectors.cgi ，或者直接下载：http://dev.xiaonei.com/apache-mirror/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/jk/binaries/win32/jk-1.2.26/mod_jk-1.2.26-httpd-2.2.4.so ，拷贝到D:\Apache\modules改名为：mod_jk

二、集群，负载配置：
* 修改D:\Apache\conf\httpd.conf，

修改前：

#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 80

#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support

修改后：

#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
#Listen 80

Listen 192.168.0.2:80


#引入配置文件

Include conf/http-vhosts.conf
Include conf/mod_jk.conf

# add compress  start
LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so
# add compress  end
#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support

* 在conf下面新建http-vhosts.conf内容如下：

NameVirtualHost *:80

<VirtualHost *:80>
		ServerAdmin admin@yoursite.com
		DocumentRoot "e:/site/apache/www.yoursite.com"
		ServerName yoursite.com
		ServerAlias www.yoursite.com
		ErrorLog "logs/www.yoursite.com-error.log"
		CustomLog "logs/www.yoursite.com-access.log" common

# add compress  start
<Location "/">
	SetOutputFilter DEFLATE
	BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4 gzip-only-text/html
	BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4\.0[678] no-gzip
	BrowserMatch \bMSIE !no-gzip !gzip-only-text/html
	SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI \.(?:gif|jpe?g|png)$ no-gzip dont-vary
	Header append Vary User-Agent env=!dont-vary
</Location>
# add compress  end

<Directory "e:/site/apache/www.yoursite.com">
    #
    # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
    # or any combination of:
    #   Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
    #
    # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
    # doesn't give it to you.
    #
    # The Options directive is both complicated and important.  Please see
    # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options
    # for more information.
    #
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

    #
    # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
    # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
    #   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
    #
    AllowOverride None

    #
    # Controls who can get stuff from this server.
    #
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all

</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

* 在conf下新建文件mod_jk.conf，内容如下：

# Load mod_jk module
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so


# Where to find workers.properties
JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties

 # Where to put jk shared memory
JkShmFile     logs/httpd/mod_jk.shm

# Where to put jk logs
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log


# Set the jk log level [debug/error/info]
JkLogLevel info


# Select the log format
JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] "


# JkOptions indicate to send SSL KEY SIZE,
JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories


# JkRequestLogFormat set the request format
JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T %R"

# All requests go to Tomcat by default
JkMount   /*     www
# Serve html, jpg and gif etc using Apache
JkUnMount /*.css www
JkUnMount /*.js  www
JkUnMount /*.gif www
JkUnMount /*.jpg www
JkUnMount /*.htm www
JkUnMount /*.swf www
JkUnMount /*.xml www
JkUnMount /*.ico www

# png and flv mount to tomcat
#JkUnMount /*.png www
#JkUnMount /*.flv www

* 在conf下新建文件workers.properties，内容如下：

#
# workers.properties
#

# list the workers by name

worker.list=www
worker.maintain=60

# =============================================================================

# ------------------------
# www1 server 0.2
# ------------------------
worker.www1.port=8009
worker.www1.host=192.168.0.2
worker.www1.type=ajp13
worker.www1.socket_timeout=0
worker.www1.socket_keepalive=true
worker.www1.lbfactor=10
# Define preferred failover node for worker1
#worker.www1.redirect=www2

# ------------------------
# www2 server 0.2
# ------------------------
worker.www2.port=9009
worker.www2.host=192.168.0.2
worker.www2.type=ajp13
worker.www2.socket_timeout=0
worker.www2.socket_keepalive=true
worker.www2.lbfactor=10
#Disable worker2 for all requests except failover
#worker.worker2.activation=disabled


# ------------------------
# Load Balancer worker
# ------------------------
worker.www.type=lb
#worker.www.balance_workers=www2
worker.www.balance_workers=www1,www2
worker.www.sticky_session=true
#worker.www.method=Traffic

# ----------------------
#
#-----------------------
# Add the status worker to the worker list
#worker.list=jkstatus
# Define a 'jkstatus' worker using status
#worker.jkstatus.type=status

# Add the jkstatus mount point
#JkMount /jkmanager/* jkstatus


# ===========================================================================
#
# END workers.properties
#

三、session复制：参见[Tomcat 5集群中的SESSION复制|Tomcat 5集群中的SESSION复制详解]，方法如下：
* 在每个工程的web.xml中</web-app>前面加上一行：<distributable/>（不要忘记了）
* 在tomcat配置文件的conf下的server.xml中去掉注释，如下：

<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
                 managerClassName="org.apache.catalina.cluster.session.DeltaManager"
                 expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
                 useDirtyFlag="true"
                 notifyListenersOnReplication="true">

            <Membership
                className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.mcast.McastService"
                mcastAddr="228.0.0.4"
                mcastPort="45564"
                mcastFrequency="500"
                mcastDropTime="3000"/>

            <Receiver
                className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationListener"
                tcpListenAddress="auto"
                tcpListenPort="4002"
                tcpSelectorTimeout="100"
                tcpThreadCount="6"/>

            <Sender
                className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationTransmitter"
                replicationMode="pooled"
                ackTimeout="15000"/>

            <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationValve"
                   filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;.*\.jpg;.*\.htm;.*\.html;.*\.txt;"/>

            <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
                      tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
                      deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
                      watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
                      watchEnabled="false"/>
        </Cluster>

* 下面是成功的正常的反应(关闭另一个tomcat，开始另一个tomcat)：

现在你可是感受一下成果，session被复制到每个tomcat例程，即使例程当机，只要还剩下一个例程，用户就感觉不到任何异常。