Android 存档

最新推荐文章于 2025-08-05 21:14:13 发布

iteye_1503

最新推荐文章于 2025-08-05 21:14:13 发布

阅读量275

点赞数

文章标签：移动开发开发工具操作系统

Android 存档

用Eclipse开发与调试纯粹的Android C++程序，非ndk-build、ndk-gdb

2011 年 09 月 01 日分类目录 :Android 2

本文欢迎转载，但请注明出处，否则依法追究。源文链接： http://www.gqweb.net/eclipse-dev-an…-build-ndk-gdb_253.html

在做Android本地程序开发时，Google为我们提供了NDK开发环境，如果只是很小的工程，用NDK开发还是很方便的。但是如果是很大的工程，代码文件很多的时候，手工支配置android.mk文件还是很繁锁的。虽然Google不建议我们用NDK开发大规模的工程，但是在很多时候，例如，现有游戏或者其它工程的移植时，还是不可避免的。本文将介绍一种利用eclipse进行传统C++开发的方法。

一、开发篇

1. 创建工程
打开eclipse新建C++工程–>键入工程名并选择Hello World C++ Project–>Finish

创建C++工程

选择Hello World工程

2. 设置工程属性
右键工程–>选择属性–>C/C++Build–>Tool Chain Editor : [Current toolchain: “Cross GCC”]

选择工具链

注意：如果没有所需的工具链选择，可能是eclipse的版本不对。

3. 设置工具链属性
右键工程–>选择属性–>C/C++Build–>Settings

工具链设置

3.1. [Cross Settings]

Prefex : arm-linux-androideabi-

Path : /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/linux-x86/

注意：

1. Path是指工具链的根目录，并不是可执行文件的目录，所以不需要加上 “/bin”目录。

2. /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/是NDK的根目录，请根据自己的情况选择。以下设置相同。

3.2. [Cross GCC Compiler]

 
      Include Paths : 

       /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/platforms/android-9/arch-arm/usr/include  

       /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/linux-x86/include  

       /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/linux-x86/arm-linux-androideabi/include  

       /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/linux-x86/lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.4.3/include  

       /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/linux-x86/lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.4.3/include-fixed/  

       /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/sources/cxx-stl/stlport/stlport/  

      Miscellaneous: 

       Other Flags :-c -fmessage-length=0 -DANDROID -fno-exceptions

如果使用stlport，“-DANDROID -fno-exceptions” 选项是必须的否则 stlport中的 #include_next 没法使用，会报如下错误：

/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/sources/cxx-stl/stlport/stlport/stl/_cstddef.h:29:30: error: cstddef: No such file or directory

钩选：-fPIC

3.3. [Cross G++ Compiler] 同 3.2。

3.4. [Cross G++ Linker]
General: -nostdlib
Libraries:
添加的库：

 
      1c 

      2m 

      3stdc++ 

      4stlport

库路径：

`1`	`/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/platforms/android-9/arch-arm/usr/lib`

`2`	`/home/q/Downloads/android_bak/NDK/sources/cxx-stl/stlport/libs/armeabi-v7a`

Libraries设置

注意：
在/home/q/Downloads/android_bak/NDK/sources/cxx-stl/stlport/libs/armeabi-v7a路径下是没有libstlport.so文件的。我们需要从我们自己的设备上把此文件下载下来：

adb shell pull /system/lib/libstlport.so /home/q/Downloads/android_bak/NDK/sources/cxx-stl/stlport/libs/armeabi-v7a

Miscellaneous:
其它选项：
-R/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/platforms/android-9/arch-arm/usr/lib
其它对象：
/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/platforms/android-9/arch-arm/usr/lib/crtbegin_dynamic.o
/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/platforms/android-9/arch-arm/usr/lib/crtend_android.o

链接器选项

这样开发的配置就已经完成了，编译一下试试看吧！

`1`	`adb push ./HelloWorld /data/td/`

`2`	`adb shell /data/td/HelloWorld`

注意：如果将程序放到sdcard上是不能执行的，即使已经root了，chmod也设置不了权限的。
二、调试篇

虽然在NDK里面有ndk-gdb的工具使我们可以调试ndk-build编译出来的程序，但是它需要android.mk文件，从上一篇的介绍中我们并没有生成此文件。还有其它方法可以用吗？分析ndk-gdb文件我们提取出下面这些有用信息。

首先我们以命令行的方式来模拟ndk-gdb的操作：

1. 在设备上启动gdbserver监听gdb的请求：

 
root@g:~# adb devices  

      2List of devices attached 

353046FDC1EE00EC device  



root@g:~# adb push /home/q/Workspace/cmu_test_remote/HelloWorld/Debug/HelloWorld /data/td/  

1002 KB/s (136536 bytes in 0.132s)  

root@g:~# adb push /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/gdbserver /system/xbin/  

893 KB/s (125208 bytes in 0.136s)  

root@g:~# adb shell gdbserver :5039 /data/td/HelloWorld  

      10Process /data/td/HelloWorld created; pid = 21867 

      11Listening on port 5039

2. 进行端口重定向：

`1`	`adb forward tcp:5039 tcp:5039`

因为gdb需要通过TCP或者串口进行连接，但大多数情况下我们是用USB线进行连接的，所以需要进行端口重定向。

3. Gdb 打开程序，进行调试：

 
      1 root@g:~# /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/linux-x86/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gdb /home/q/Workspace/cmu_test_remote/HelloWorld/Debug/HelloWorld  

      2GNU gdb 6.6 

      3Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 

      4 GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are  

      5welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions. 

      6 Type "show copying" to see the conditions.  

      7 There is absolutely no warranty  for GDB. Type  "show warranty" for details.  

      8 This GDB was configured as "--host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=arm-elf-linux"...  

      9(gdb)

这里的gdb的版本一定要正确。这时已经进入了gdb调试模式，还需要进行与远程的gdbserver进行连接，在gdb模式下输入：

 
      1(gdb) target remote :5039 

      2 Remote debugging using :5039  

      3 warning: Unable to find dynamic linker breakpoint function.  

      4GDB will be unable to debug shared library initializers 

      5and track explicitly loaded dynamic code. 

      6 0xb0001000 in ?? ()  

      7(gdb) l 

      84 // Version : 

      95 // Copyright : Your copyright notice 

      10 6 // Description : Hello World in C++, Ansi-style  

      117 //============================================================================ 

      128 

      13 9 #include <iostream>  

      14 10 using namespace std;  

      1511 

      1612 int main() { 

      17 13 cout << "!!!Hello World!!!" << endl; // prints !!!Hello World!!!  

      18(gdb) b main 

      19 Breakpoint 1 at 0x84e8: file ../src/HelloWorld.cpp, line 13.  

      20(gdb) c 

      21Continuing. 

      22 Error while mapping shared library sections:  

      23 /system/bin/linker: No such file or directory.  

      24 Error while mapping shared library sections:  

      25libc.so: Success. 

      26 Error while mapping shared library sections:  

      27libm.so: Success. 

      28 Error while mapping shared library sections:  

      29libstdc++.so: Success. 

      30 Error while mapping shared library sections:  

      31libstlport.so: Success. 

      32  

      33Breakpoint 1, main () at ../src/HelloWorld.cpp:13 

      34 13 cout << "!!!Hello World!!!" << endl; // prints !!!Hello World!!!  

      35(gdb) c 

      36Continuing. 

      37  

      38Program exited normally. 

      39(gdb)

至此已经完成了整个程序的调试过程。

4. 与Eclipse集成

虽然通过命令行已经可以对程序进行调试，但毕竟没有图形界面的方便，下面将介绍如何将gdb调试与Eclipse进行集成。

4.1. 到Eclipse中选中需调试的工程，打开Debug Configurations…

打开Debug Configurations

4.2. 在打开的Debug Configurations中新建C/C++ Remote Application

在main页面中设置：
Connection: local
Remote Absolute File Path : /data/td/HelloWorld
Commands to execute before application:

/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/SDK/platform-tools/adb shell gdbserver :5039 /data/td/HelloWorld

/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/SDK/platform-tools/adb forward tcp:5039 tcp:5039

注意，这里的adb路径一定要完整路径。最后还要选中 “Skip download to target path”

HelloWorld Debug设置

转到Debugger页片，填入gdb的完整路径，并将GDB command file置空。

Debug gdb路径设置

至此配置工作全部结束，直接点击调试吧。

参考：

1. Android Native Development Using the Android Open Source Project[OL]. http://www.aton.com/android-native-development-using-the-android-open-source-project/
2. Debugging with GDB[OL]. http://www.kandroid.org/online-pdk/guide/debugging_gdb.html
3. GDB 命令详细解释 [OL]. http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/wei801004/article/details/4253911
4. How C/C++ Debugging Works onAndroid[OL]. http://mhandroid.wordpress.com/2011/01/25/how-cc-debugging-works-on-android/
5. ndk-gdb[OL]. http://csipsimple.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/pjsip_android/ndk-gdb

android, Eclipse, native code, ndk

显示 Android NDK 编译和链接详情的方法

2011 年 08 月 27 日分类目录 :Android 2

显示Android NDK 编译和链接详情有两种方法：

方法一：

如果有source，可以用source的mmm工具编译：

 
      1 q@g:~$ cd /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/source/  

      2 q@g:~/Workspace/Andriod/source$ source build/envsetup.sh  

      3including device/htc/passion/vendorsetup.sh 

      4including device/samsung/crespo4g/vendorsetup.sh 

      5including device/samsung/crespo/vendorsetup.sh 

      6 including sdk/bash_completion/adb.bash 

      7  

      8 q@g:~/Workspace/Andriod/source$ help  

      9 Invoke ". build/envsetup.sh" from your shell to add the following functions to your environment:  

      10 - croot: Changes directory to the  top of the tree.  

      11 - m: Makes from the top of the tree.  

      12 - mm: Builds all of the modules in the current directory.  

      13 - mmm: Builds all of the modules in the supplied directories.  

      14 - cgrep: Greps on all local C/C++ files.  

      15 - jgrep: Greps on all local Java files.  

      16 - resgrep: Greps on all local res/*.xml files.  

      17 - godir: Go to the directory containing a file.  

      18  

      19 Look at the source to view more  functions. The complete list is:  

      20addcompletions add_lunch_combo cgrep check_product check_variant choosecombo chooseproduct choosetype choosevariant cproj croot findmakefile gdbclient get_abs_build_var getbugreports get_build_var getprebuilt gettop godir help isviewserverstarted jgrep lunch m mm mmm pid printconfig print_lunch_menu resgrep runhat runtest set_java_home setpaths set_sequence_number set_stuff_for_environment settitle smoketest startviewserver stopviewserver systemstack tapas tracedmdump 

      21  

      22 q@g:~/Workspace/Andriod/source$ mmm /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/jni showcommands  

      23============================================ 

      24 PLATFORM_VERSION_CODENAME=AOSP  

      25 PLATFORM_VERSION=3.1.4.1.5.9.2.6.5  

      26TARGET_PRODUCT=full 

      27TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT=eng 

      28TARGET_SIMULATOR= 

      29TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=release 

      30TARGET_BUILD_APPS= 

      31TARGET_ARCH=arm 

      32TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT=armv7-a 

      33HOST_ARCH=x86 

      34HOST_OS=linux 

      35HOST_BUILD_TYPE=release 

      36BUILD_ID=OPENMASTER 

      37============================================ 

      38 make:进入目录'/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/source' 

      39build/core/base_rules.mk:78: *** Module name: hello-jni 

      40build/core/base_rules.mk:79: *** Makefile location: /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/jni 

      41 build/core/base_rules.mk:80: *  

      42 build/core/base_rules.mk:81: * Each module must use a LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS in its  

      43build/core/base_rules.mk:82: * Android.mk. Possible tags declared by a module: 

      44 build/core/base_rules.mk:83: *  

      45build/core/base_rules.mk:84: * optional, debug, eng, tests, samples 

      46 build/core/base_rules.mk:85: *  

      47 build/core/base_rules.mk:86: * If the module is expected to be in all builds  

      48 build/core/base_rules.mk:87: * of a product, then it should use the  

      49 build/core/base_rules.mk:88: *  "optional" tag:  

      50 build/core/base_rules.mk:89: *  

      51 build/core/base_rules.mk:90: * Add "LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional"  in the  

      52 build/core/base_rules.mk:91: * Android.mk for the affected module, and add  

      53 build/core/base_rules.mk:92: * the LOCAL_MODULE value for that component  

      54build/core/base_rules.mk:93: * into the PRODUCT_PACKAGES section of product 

      55 build/core/base_rules.mk:94: * makefile(s) where it's necessary, if 

      56build/core/base_rules.mk:95: * appropriate. 

      57 build/core/base_rules.mk:96: *  

      58 build/core/base_rules.mk:97: * If the component should be in EVERY build of ALL  

      59 build/core/base_rules.mk:98: * products, then add its LOCAL_MODULE value to the  

      60build/core/base_rules.mk:99: * PRODUCT_PACKAGES section of 

      61build/core/base_rules.mk:100: * build/target/product/core.mk 

      62 build/core/base_rules.mk:101: *  

      63build/core/base_rules.mk:102: *** user tag detected on new module - user tags are only supported on legacy modules。 停止。 

      64 make:离开目录“/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/source”  

      65  

      66 q@g:~/Workspace/Andriod/source$ mmm /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/jni showcommands  

      67============================================ 

      68 PLATFORM_VERSION_CODENAME=AOSP  

      69 PLATFORM_VERSION=3.1.4.1.5.9.2.6.5  

      70TARGET_PRODUCT=full 

      71TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT=eng 

      72TARGET_SIMULATOR= 

      73TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=release 

      74TARGET_BUILD_APPS= 

      75TARGET_ARCH=arm 

      76TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT=armv7-a 

      77HOST_ARCH=x86 

      78HOST_OS=linux 

      79HOST_BUILD_TYPE=release 

      80BUILD_ID=OPENMASTER 

      81============================================ 

      82 make:进入目录'/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/source' 

      83target thumb C: hello-jni <= /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/jni/hello-jni.c 

      84 prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.4.3/bin/arm-eabi-gcc -I /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/jni -I out/target/product/generic/obj/SHARED_LIBRARIES/hello-jni_intermediates -I dalvik/libnativehelper/include/nativehelper -I system/core/include -I hardware/libhardware/include -I hardware/libhardware_legacy/include -I hardware/ril/include -I dalvik/libnativehelper/include -I frameworks/base/include -I frameworks/base/opengl/include -I frameworks/base/native/include -I external/skia/include -I out/target/product/generic/obj/include -I bionic/libc/arch-arm/include -I bionic/libc/include -I bionic/libstdc++/include -I bionic/libc/kernel/common -I bionic/libc/kernel/arch-arm -I bionic/libm/include -I bionic/libm/include/arch/arm -I bionic/libthread_db/include -c -fno-exceptions -Wno-multichar -msoft-float -fpic -ffunction-sections -funwind-tables -fstack-protector -Wa,--noexecstack -Werror=format-security -fno-short-enums -march=armv7-a -mfloat-abi=softfp -mfpu=vfpv3-d16 -include system/core/include/arch/linux-arm/AndroidConfig.h -I system/core/include/arch/linux-arm/ -Wno-psabi -mthumb-interwork -DANDROID -fmessage-length=0 -W -Wall -Wno-unused -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Werror=return-type -Werror=non-virtual-dtor -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -DNDEBUG -g -Wstrict-aliasing=2 -finline-functions -fno-inline-functions-called-once -fgcse-after-reload -frerun-cse-after-loop -frename-registers -DNDEBUG -UDEBUG -mthumb -Os -fomit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -finline-limit=64 -MD -o out/target/product/generic/obj/SHARED_LIBRARIES/hello-jni_intermediates/hello-jni.o /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/jni/hello-jni.c  

      85target SharedLib: hello-jni (out/target/product/generic/obj/SHARED_LIBRARIES/hello-jni_intermediates/LINKED/hello-jni.so) 

      86prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.4.3/bin/arm-eabi-g++ -nostdlib -Wl,-soname,hello-jni.so -Wl,-T,build/core/armelf.xsc -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,-shared,-Bsymbolic -Lout/target/product/generic/obj/lib out/target/product/generic/obj/SHARED_LIBRARIES/hello-jni_intermediates/hello-jni.o out/target/product/generic/obj/lib/crtbegin_so.o -Wl,--whole-archive -Wl,--no-whole-archive -lc -lstdc++ -lm -o out/target/product/generic/obj/SHARED_LIBRARIES/hello-jni_intermediates/LINKED/hello-jni.so -Wl,-z,noexecstack -Wl,--fix-cortex-a8 -Wl,--no-undefined prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.4.3/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-eabi/4.4.3/libgcc.a out/target/product/generic/obj/lib/crtend_so.o 

      87target Prelink: hello-jni (out/target/product/generic/symbols/system/lib/hello-jni.so) 

      88out/host/linux-x86/bin/apriori --prelinkmap build/core/prelink-linux-arm.map --locals-only --quiet out/target/product/generic/obj/SHARED_LIBRARIES/hello-jni_intermediates/LINKED/hello-jni.so --output out/target/product/generic/symbols/system/lib/hello-jni.so 

      89 build/tools/apriori/prelinkmap.c(168): library 'hello-jni.so' not in prelink map  

      90 make: *** [out/target/product/generic/symbols/system/lib/hello-jni.so] 错误 1  

      91 make:离开目录“/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/source”

方法二

直接用NDK的 ndk-build，不过需要加上参数 -B V=1

 
q@g:~/Workspace/Andriod/source$ ndk-build -B V=1 -C/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/jni/  

make:进入目录'/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/jni' 

rm  -f /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/libs/armeabi/lib*.so /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/libs/armeabi-v7a/lib*.so /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/libs/x86/lib*.so  

rm  -f /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/libs/armeabi/gdbserver /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/libs/armeabi-v7a/gdbserver /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/libs/x86/gdbserver  

rm  -f /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/libs/armeabi/gdb.setup /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/libs/armeabi-v7a/gdb.setup /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/libs/x86/gdb.setup  

      6Gdbserver : [arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3] libs/armeabi/gdbserver 

mkdir  -p /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/libs/armeabi  

install  -p /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/gdbserver /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/libs/armeabi/gdbserver  

      9Gdbsetup : libs/armeabi/gdb.setup 

mkdir  -p /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/libs/armeabi  

echo  "set solib-search-path /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/obj/local/armeabi" > /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/libs/armeabi/gdb.setup  

echo  "directory /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/platforms/android-8/arch-arm/usr/include /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/jni /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/sources/cxx-stl/system" >> /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/libs/armeabi/gdb.setup  

      13Compile thumb : hello-jni <= hello-jni.c 

/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/linux-x86/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gcc -MMD -MP -MF /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/obj/local/armeabi/objs-debug/hello-jni/hello-jni.o.d.org -fpic -ffunction-sections -funwind-tables -fstack-protector -D__ARM_ARCH_5__ -D__ARM_ARCH_5T__ -D__ARM_ARCH_5E__ -D__ARM_ARCH_5TE__ -Wno-psabi -march=armv5te -mtune=xscale -msoft-float -mthumb -Os -fomit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -finline-limit=64 -I/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/jni -DANDROID -Wa,--noexecstack -O0 -g -I/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/platforms/android-8/arch-arm/usr/include -c /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/jni/hello-jni.c -o /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/obj/local/armeabi/objs-debug/hello-jni/hello-jni.o && ( if [ -f  "/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/obj/local/armeabi/objs-debug/hello-jni/hello-jni.o.d.org" ]; then  rm -f /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/obj/local/armeabi/objs-debug/hello-jni/hello-jni.o.d && mv /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/obj/local/armeabi/objs-debug/hello-jni/hello-jni.o.d.org /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/obj/local/armeabi/objs-debug/hello-jni/hello-jni.o.d; fi )  

SharedLibrary : libhello-jni.so  

/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/linux-x86/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-g++ -Wl,-soname,libhello-jni.so -shared --sysroot=/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/platforms/android-8/arch-arm /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/obj/local/armeabi/objs-debug/hello-jni/hello-jni.o -Wl,--no-undefined -Wl,-z,noexecstack -lc -lm -lsupc++ -o /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/obj/local/armeabi/libhello-jni.so  

      17Install : libhello-jni.so => libs/armeabi/libhello-jni.so 

mkdir  -p /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/libs/armeabi  

install  -p /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/obj/local/armeabi/libhello-jni.so /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/libs/armeabi/libhello-jni.so  

      20/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3/prebuilt/linux-x86/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-strip --strip-unneeded /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/libs/armeabi/libhello-jni.so 

make:离开目录“/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/hello-jni/jni”

Debug NDK by Eclipse

2011 年 08 月 11 日分类目录 :Android 2

MartinH 已经在他的博客里面介绍的很详细，这里不再缀述，请参考：

http://mhandroid.wordpress.com/2011/01/23/using-eclipse-for-android-cc-debugging/

http://mhandroid.wordpress.com/2011/01/23/using-cgdb-with-ndk-debug-and-cgdb-tutorial/

error: .repo/manifests/: contains uncommitted changes 解决方法

2011 年 08 月 10 日分类目录 :Android 2

今天在同步Android Source时出现

`1`	`error: .repo/manifests/: contains uncommitted changes`

google查找一阵子，无果，虽然也有人遇到但却没有给出解决方法。最后试了一下以下方法，得以解决。

删除Andriod/source/.repo/目录下除了projects目录以外的所有目录。
重新执行命令

 
      1 repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git  

      2repo sync

此时因为projects目录文件没有删除，所以重新同步不会重新下载所有文件，所以不会花费很长时间。

android

Android ndk 编译方法

2011 年 08 月 10 日分类目录 :Android 1

1. 用NDK命令编译：

cd $(ndk-root)
./ndk-build -C/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/test-libstdc++/jni

其中“-C”是指定需要编译的路径，其中必须有Android.mk。注意“-C”与路径之间没有空格。

详细使用方法请参见：

 
q@g:~/Workspace/Andriod/NDK$ ./ndk-build --help 

      2用法：make [选项] [目标] ... 

      3选项： 

-b, -m 忽略兼容性。  

-B, --always-make Unconditionally make all targets.  

-C 目录, --directory=目录  

在所有操作前切换到“目录”。  

-d 打印大量调试信息。  

--debug[=FLAGS] 打印各种调试信息  

-e, --environment-overrides  

指定替代makefile中默认设置的环境变量  

-f FILE,  --file=FILE, --makefile=FILE 

读取 FILE 作为一个 makefile.  

-h, --help 打印该消息并退出。  

-i, --ignore-errors Ignore errors from commands.  

-I DIRECTORY, --include-dir=DIRECTORY  

搜索 DIRECTORY 为包含的 makefiles.  

-j [N], --jobs[=N] 同时允许 N 个任务；无参数表明允许无限个任务。  

-k, --keep-going 当某些目标无法创建时仍然继续。  

-l [N], --load-average[=N], --max-load[=N]  

不开始多线程工作除非系统负载低于N  

-L, --check-symlink-times Use the latest mtime between symlinks and target.  

-n, --just-print, --dry-run, --recon  

不要实际运行任何命令;仅仅输出他们  

-o FILE,  --old-file=FILE, --assume-old=FILE 

将FILE认作非常老,不要重新make它.  

-p, --print-data-base 打印 make 的内部数据库。  

-q, --question 不运行任何命令；退出状态说明是否已全部更新。  

-r, --no-builtin-rules 禁用内置隐含规则。  

-R, --no-builtin-variables 禁用内置变量设置。  

-s, --silent, --quiet 不显示命令。  

-S, --no-keep-going, --stop  

关闭 -k.  

-t, --touch touch 目标而不是重新创建它们  

-v, --version 打印 make 的版本号并退出。  

-w, --print-directory 打印当前目录。  

--no-print-directory 即使 -w 隐式开启，也要关闭 -w。  

-W FILE,  --what-if=FILE, --new-file=FILE, --assume-new=FILE 

将FILE认作无限新.  

--warn-undefined-variables Warn when an undefined variable is  referenced.  



这个程序创建为 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu  

      43Report bugs to

2. 使用源码自带Toolchain工具

如果你已经得到了Android源码，你还可通过Android源码中提供的Make工具编译，这种方法的好处是可以查看更多的编译细节。

1. 初始化，使用命令

`1`	`$ source build/envsetup.sh`

或者

`1`	`$ . build/envsetup.sh`

2. 直接输入命令，可以查看编译的命令

 
      1 q@g:~/Workspace/Andriod/source$ help 

      2 Invoke ". build/envsetup.sh" from your shell to add the following functions  

      3to your environment: 

      4 -  croot: Changes directory to the top of the tree.  

      5 -  m: Makes from  the top of the tree.  

      6 -  mm: Builds all  of the modules in  the current directory.  

      7 -  mmm: Builds all  of the modules in  the supplied directories.  

      8 -  cgrep: Greps on all  local C/C++ files.  

      9 -  jgrep: Greps on all  local Java files.  

      10 -  resgrep: Greps on all  local res/*.xml files.  

      11 -  godir: Go to the directory containing a file.  

      12  

      13 Look at the source to view more functions. The complete list is:  

      14add_lunch_combo cgrep check_product check_variant choosecombo chooseproduct 

      15choosetype choosevariant cproj croot findmakefile gdbclient 

      16 get_abs_build_var getbugreports get_build_var getprebuilt gettop godir help 

      17isviewserverstarted jgrep lunch m mm mmm pid printconfig print_lunch_menu 

      18resgrep runhat runtest set_java_home setpaths set_sequence_number 

      19set_stuff_for_environment settitle smoketest startviewserver stopviewserver 

      20systemstack tapas tracedmdump

3. 使用mmm命令编译NDK下面的例子

 
q@g:~/Workspace/Andriod/source$ mmm /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/test-libstdc++/jni/ 

============================================ 

PLATFORM_VERSION_CODENAME=AOSP  

PLATFORM_VERSION=AOSP  

TARGET_PRODUCT=full  

TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT=eng  

TARGET_SIMULATOR= 

TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=release  

TARGET_BUILD_APPS= 

TARGET_ARCH=arm  

TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT=armv5te  

HOST_ARCH=x86  

HOST_OS=linux  

HOST_BUILD_TYPE=release  

BUILD_ID=OPENMASTER  

============================================ 

make:进入目录'/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/source' 

build/core/base_rules.mk:78: *** Module name: test-libstl  

build/core/base_rules.mk:79: *** Makefile location: /home/q/Workspace/Andriod/NDK/samples/test-libstdc++/jni  

build/core/base_rules.mk:80: * 

build/core/base_rules.mk:81: * Each module must use a LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS in its  

build/core/base_rules.mk:82: * Android.mk. Possible tags declared by a module:  

build/core/base_rules.mk:83: * 

build/core/base_rules.mk:84: * optional, debug, eng, tests, samples  

build/core/base_rules.mk:85: * 

build/core/base_rules.mk:86: * If the module is expected to be in all builds  

build/core/base_rules.mk:87: * of a product, then it should use the  

build/core/base_rules.mk:88: * "optional" tag:  

build/core/base_rules.mk:89: * 

build/core/base_rules.mk:90: * Add  "LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional"  in the  

build/core/base_rules.mk:91: * Android.mk for the affected module, and add  

build/core/base_rules.mk:92: * the LOCAL_MODULE value for that component  

build/core/base_rules.mk:93: * into the PRODUCT_PACKAGES section of product  

build/core/base_rules.mk:94: * makefile(s) where it's necessary, if 

build/core/base_rules.mk:95: * appropriate.  

build/core/base_rules.mk:96: * 

build/core/base_rules.mk:97: * If the component should be in EVERY build of ALL 

build/core/base_rules.mk:98: * products, then add its LOCAL_MODULE value to the  

build/core/base_rules.mk:99: * PRODUCT_PACKAGES section of  

build/core/base_rules.mk:100: * build/target/product/core.mk  

build/core/base_rules.mk:101: * 

build/core/base_rules.mk:102: *** user tag detected on new module - user tags  

      43are only supported on legacy modules。 停止。 

make:离开目录“/home/q/Workspace/Andriod/source”

4. 根据上面的提示编译出错，并根据提示在Android.mk里面添加 “LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional”

 
      1# A simple test for the minimal standard C++ library 

      2# 

      3  

      4 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)  

      5  

      6include $(CLEAR_VARS) 

      7 LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional #add to here  

      8 LOCAL_MODULE := test-libstl  

      9 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := test-libstl.cpp  

      10include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)

再次运行上面的命令编译。

3. 使用源码自带Toolchain

将上面的方法中m、mm、mmm替换成make

 
q@g:~/Workspace/Andriod/source$ make libsimplejni showcommands  

============================================ 

PLATFORM_VERSION_CODENAME=AOSP  

PLATFORM_VERSION=AOSP  

TARGET_PRODUCT=full  

TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT=eng  

TARGET_SIMULATOR= 

TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=release  

TARGET_BUILD_APPS= 

TARGET_ARCH=arm  

TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT=armv5te  

HOST_ARCH=x86  

HOST_OS=linux  

HOST_BUILD_TYPE=release  

BUILD_ID=OPENMASTER  

============================================ 

find: `frameworks/base/frameworks/base/docs/html': 没有那个文件或目录  

find: `out/target/common/docs/gen': 没有那个文件或目录  

find: `frameworks/base/frameworks/base/docs/html': 没有那个文件或目录  

find: `out/target/common/docs/gen': 没有那个文件或目录  

find: `frameworks/base/frameworks/base/docs/html': 没有那个文件或目录  

find: `out/target/common/docs/gen': 没有那个文件或目录  

find: `frameworks/base/frameworks/base/docs/html': 没有那个文件或目录  

find: `out/target/common/docs/gen': 没有那个文件或目录  

find: `frameworks/base/frameworks/base/docs/html': 没有那个文件或目录  

find: `out/target/common/docs/gen': 没有那个文件或目录  

target thumb C++: libsimplejni <= development/samples/SimpleJNI/jni/native.cpp  

prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.4.3/bin/arm-eabi-g++ -I dalvik/libnat  

ivehelper/include/nativehelper -I development/samples/SimpleJNI/jni -I out  

/target/product/generic/obj/SHARED_LIBRARIES/libsimplejni_intermediates -I o  

ut/target/product/generic/obj/STATIC_LIBRARIES/libwebcore_intermediates -I d  

alvik/libnativehelper/include/nativehelper -I system/core/include -I hardw  

are/libhardware/include -I hardware/libhardware_legacy/include -I hardware  

/ril/include -I dalvik/libnativehelper/include -I frameworks/base/include  

-I frameworks/base/opengl/include -I frameworks/base/native/include -I e  

xternal/skia/include -I out/target/product/generic/obj/include -I bionic/l  

ibc/arch-arm/include -I bionic/libc/include -I bionic/libstdc++/include  

-I bionic/libc/kernel/common -I bionic/libc/kernel/arch-arm -I bionic/libm  

/include -I bionic/libm/include/arch/arm -I bionic/libthread_db/include - 

c -fno-exceptions -Wno-multichar -msoft-float -fpic -ffunction-sections -funw  

ind-tables -fstack-protector -Wa,--noexecstack -Werror=format-security -fno-sh  

ort-enums -march=armv5te -mtune=xscale -D__ARM_ARCH_5__ -D__ARM_ARCH_5T__ -D__  

ARM_ARCH_5E__ -D__ARM_ARCH_5TE__ -include system/core/include/arch/linux-arm/A  

ndroidConfig.h -I system/core/include/arch/linux-arm/ -Wno-psabi -mthumb-inter  

work -DANDROID -fmessage-length=0 -W -Wall -Wno-unused -Winit-self -Wpointer-a  

rith -Werror=return-type -Werror=non-virtual-dtor -Werror=address -Werror=sequ  

ence-point -DNDEBUG  -g -Wstrict-aliasing=2 -finline-functions -fno-inline-func  

tions-called-once -fgcse-after-reload -frerun-cse-after-loop -frename-register  

s -DNDEBUG -UDEBUG  -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -DANDROID  -fmessage-length=0 -W  

-Wall -Wno-unused -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wsign-promo -Werror=return-typ  

e -Werror=non-virtual-dtor -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -DNDEBUG  -UD  

EBUG -mthumb -Os  -fomit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -finline-limit=64 

-fno-rtti -MD  -o out/target/product/generic/obj/SHARED_LIBRARIES/libsimp  

lejni_intermediates/native.o development/samples/SimpleJNI/jni/native.cpp  

target SharedLib: libsimplejni (out/target/product/generic/obj/SHARED_LIBRARIE  

S/libsimplejni_intermediates/LINKED/libsimplejni.so)  

prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.4.3/bin/arm-eabi-g++ -nostdlib -Wl,-so  

name,libsimplejni.so -Wl,-T,build/core/armelf.xsc -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,-share  

d,-Bsymbolic -Lout/target/product/generic/obj/lib out/target/product/generi  

c/obj/SHARED_LIBRARIES/libsimplejni_intermediates/native.o out/targ  

et/product/generic/obj/lib/crtbegin_so.o -Wl,--whole-archive -Wl,--no-whole- 

archive -llog -lutils  -lc -lstdc++ -lm -o out/target/product/generic/obj/SH  

ARED_LIBRARIES/libsimplejni_intermediates/LINKED/libsimplejni.so -Wl,-z,noexe  

cstack -Wl,--no-undefined prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.4.3/bin/ 

../lib/gcc/arm-eabi/4.4.3/libgcc.a out/target/product/generic/obj/lib/crtend_s  

      66o.o 

target Non-prelinked: libsimplejni (out/target/product/generic/symbols/system/ 

lib/libsimplejni.so)  

out/host/linux-x86/bin/acp -fpt out/target/product/generic/obj/SHARED_LIBRARIE  

S/libsimplejni_intermediates/LINKED/libsimplejni.so out/target/product/generic  

/symbols/system/lib/libsimplejni.so  

target Strip: libsimplejni (out/target/product/generic/obj/lib/libsimplejni.so)  

out/host/linux-x86/bin/soslim --strip --shady --quiet out/target/product/gener  

ic/symbols/system/lib/libsimplejni.so --outfile out/target/product/generic/obj  

/lib/libsimplejni.so  

Install: out/target/product/generic/system/lib/libsimplejni.so  

out/host/linux-x86/bin/acp -fpt out/target/product/generic/obj/lib/libsimplejn  

i.so out/target/product/generic/system/lib/libsimplejni.so

通过参数中的showcommand可以得到编译的具体命令。在输出中可以看到

 
find: `frameworks/base/frameworks/base/docs/html': 没有那个文件或目录  

find: `out/target/common/docs/gen': 没有那个文件或目录

的错误，此错误可以忽略，不会影响代码的编译。如果实在觉得影响美观可以重新下载下载源码编译。如果觉得下载时间太长可以按如下步骤解决：
1. 删除源码下除了“.repo”文件夹外的所有文件夹

 
cd /android/source  

rm -rf *

2. 重新同步服务器

`1`	`repo sync`

因为本地仓库中已经有了源文件，所以不会花费很长时间。

参考：

Building the System[OL], source.android.com/source/building.html

在Android系统上使用busybox——最简单的方法

2011 年 07 月 22 日分类目录 :Android 1

Android是基于Linux系统的，在学习和使用Android系统时，不可避免的要和Terminal打交道。但是Android自带的Terminal emulator实在是简陋，连一些基本的命令都不具备。有没有什么解决方法呢？有的，这便是被称为“嵌入式Linux中的瑞士军刀”的Busybox。

一、BusyBox
BusyBox 是标准 Linux 工具的一个单个可执行实现。BusyBox 包含了一些简单的工具，例如 cat 和 echo，还包含了一些更大、更复杂的工具，例如 grep、find、mount 以及 telnet。有些人将 BusyBox 称为 Linux 工具里的瑞士军刀。简单的说BusyBox就好像是个大工具箱，它集成压缩了 Linux 的许多工具和命令。

二、安装