velocity自定义标签和指令

本文介绍如何在Velocity模板引擎中自定义指令和标签,包括创建自定义指令的具体步骤、实现示例及如何在velocity.properties文件中配置自定义指令。

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velocity本身支持自定义标签和指令的扩展,

在 Velocity 模板语言的语法中,以美元符 $ 开头的为变量的声明或者引用,而以井号 # 开头的语句则为 Velocity 的指令(Directive)。

velocity支持的指令有:#set,#foreach,#if #else #end,#parse,#include,#evaluate,#define,#macro,

在velocity的jar包中的directive.properties中定义了这些实现:

  1. directive.1=org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Foreach
  2. directive.2=org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Include
  3. directive.3=org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Parse
  4. directive.4=org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Macro
  5. directive.5=org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Literal
  6. directive.6=org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Evaluate
  7. directive.7=org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Break
  8. directive.8=org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Define
directive.1=org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Foreach
directive.2=org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Include
directive.3=org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Parse
directive.4=org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Macro
directive.5=org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Literal
directive.6=org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Evaluate
directive.7=org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Break
directive.8=org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Define

自定义标签和指定,比如我们定义了下面的remoteVelocity指令

  1. <!DOCTYPEhtmlPUBLIC"-//W3C//DTDXHTML1.0Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
  2. <htmlxmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  3. <head>
  4. <metahttp-equiv="Content-Type"content="text/html;charset=gbk"/>
  5. <title>clickokpage</title>
  6. </head>
  7. <body>
  8. Thisapprunswell
  9. #set($monkey={"banana":"good","roastbeef":"bad"})
  10. #remoteVelocity("namespace","velocityname",$monkey)
  11. </body>
  12. </html>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gbk" />
<title>click ok page</title>
</head>
<body>
  This app runs well
  
  #set($monkey= {"banana" : "good", "roast beef" : "bad"})

  #remoteVelocity("namespace","velocityname",$monkey)
</body>
</html>

要对这个指令的实现要继承 Directive这个类,这个宏我们可以从其他服务获取vm的内容,动态渲染,这种方式可以统一管理公共模板,

  1. importjava.io.IOException;
  2. importjava.io.Serializable;
  3. importjava.io.StringWriter;
  4. importjava.io.Writer;
  5. importjava.util.HashMap;
  6. importjava.util.Map;
  7. importorg.apache.velocity.VelocityContext;
  8. importorg.apache.velocity.app.VelocityEngine;
  9. importorg.apache.velocity.context.InternalContextAdapter;
  10. importorg.apache.velocity.exception.MethodInvocationException;
  11. importorg.apache.velocity.exception.ParseErrorException;
  12. importorg.apache.velocity.exception.ResourceNotFoundException;
  13. importorg.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Directive;
  14. importorg.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.Node;
  15. importorg.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.SimpleNode;
  16. importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
  17. importcom.alibaba.citrus.service.template.TemplateService;
  18. importcom.alibaba.click.util.HostUtil;
  19. publicclassRemoteVelocityextendsDirective{
  20. @Autowired
  21. TemplateServicetemplateService;
  22. privatestaticfinalVelocityEnginevelocityEngine=newVelocityEngine();
  23. @Override
  24. publicStringgetName(){
  25. return"remoteVelocity";
  26. }
  27. @Override
  28. publicintgetType(){
  29. returnLINE;
  30. }
  31. @Override
  32. publicbooleanrender(InternalContextAdaptercontext,Writerwriter,
  33. Nodenode)throwsIOException,ResourceNotFoundException,
  34. ParseErrorException,MethodInvocationException{
  35. SimpleNodesn_region=(SimpleNode)node.jjtGetChild(0);
  36. Stringregion=(String)sn_region.value(context);
  37. SimpleNodesn_key=(SimpleNode)node.jjtGetChild(1);
  38. Serializablekey=(Serializable)sn_key.value(context);
  39. SimpleNodesn_data=(SimpleNode)node.jjtGetChild(2);
  40. Objectdata=sn_data.value(context);
  41. Mapmap=newHashMap();
  42. map.put("data",data);
  43. //Stringvel=HostUtil.getResponseText("http://127.0.0.1/index.html");
  44. Stringvel="#foreach($memberin$data.entrySet())<li>$member.key-$member.value</li>#end";
  45. writer.write(renderTemplate(map,vel));
  46. returntrue;
  47. }
  48. publicstaticStringrenderTemplate(Mapparams,StringvimStr){
  49. VelocityContextcontext=newVelocityContext(params);
  50. StringWriterwriter=newStringWriter();
  51. try{
  52. velocityEngine.evaluate(context,writer,"",vimStr);
  53. }catch(ParseErrorExceptione){
  54. //TODOAuto-generatedcatchblock
  55. e.printStackTrace();
  56. }catch(MethodInvocationExceptione){
  57. //TODOAuto-generatedcatchblock
  58. e.printStackTrace();
  59. }catch(ResourceNotFoundExceptione){
  60. //TODOAuto-generatedcatchblock
  61. e.printStackTrace();
  62. }catch(IOExceptione){
  63. //TODOAuto-generatedcatchblock
  64. e.printStackTrace();
  65. }//渲染模板
  66. returnwriter.toString();
  67. }
  68. }
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.velocity.VelocityContext;
import org.apache.velocity.app.VelocityEngine;
import org.apache.velocity.context.InternalContextAdapter;
import org.apache.velocity.exception.MethodInvocationException;
import org.apache.velocity.exception.ParseErrorException;
import org.apache.velocity.exception.ResourceNotFoundException;
import org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Directive;
import org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.Node;
import org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.SimpleNode;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import com.alibaba.citrus.service.template.TemplateService;
import com.alibaba.click.util.HostUtil;

public class RemoteVelocity extends Directive{
	
	@Autowired
	TemplateService templateService;
	
	private static final VelocityEngine velocityEngine = new VelocityEngine();

	@Override
	public String getName() {
		return "remoteVelocity";
	}

	@Override
	public int getType() {
		return LINE;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean render(InternalContextAdapter context, Writer writer,
			Node node) throws IOException, ResourceNotFoundException,
			ParseErrorException, MethodInvocationException {
		SimpleNode sn_region = (SimpleNode) node.jjtGetChild(0);   
        String region = (String)sn_region.value(context);   
        SimpleNode sn_key = (SimpleNode) node.jjtGetChild(1);   
        Serializable key = (Serializable)sn_key.value(context);   

		SimpleNode sn_data = (SimpleNode) node.jjtGetChild(2); 
		Object data = sn_data.value(context);   
		Map map = new HashMap();
		map.put("data", data);
//		String vel = HostUtil.getResponseText("http://127.0.0.1/index.html");
		String vel="#foreach($member in $data.entrySet())<li>$member.key - $member.value</li>#end ";
		writer.write(renderTemplate(map,vel));
        return true;
	}
	
	public static String renderTemplate(Map params,String vimStr){
        VelocityContext context = new VelocityContext(params);
        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
        try {
			velocityEngine.evaluate(context, writer, "", vimStr);
		} catch (ParseErrorException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (MethodInvocationException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (ResourceNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}//渲染模板
        return writer.toString();
	}

}

node.jjtGetChild(2) 这个方法可以获取对应指令的参数,下标从0开始,

在web工程的WEB-INF下面定义velocity.properties这个配置文件,用户扩展的指令最好放到这个文件里面,velocity的jar包里面提供了默认实现,我们可以覆盖重新定义自己的扩展,类就是对应自己的扩展类的类名

#自定义标签


  1. userdirective=com.alibaba.click.test.RemoteVelocity
userdirective=com.alibaba.click.test.RemoteVelocity

这样启动后就可以正常使用了。

Directive的三个方法:

  1. getName:指令的名称
  2. getType:当前有LINE,BLOCK两个值,line行指令,不要end结束符,block块指令,需要end结束符
  3. publicbooleanrender(InternalContextAdaptercontext,Writerwriter,
  4. Nodenode)具体处理过程
getName:指令的名称
getType:当前有LINE,BLOCK两个值,line行指令,不要end结束符,block块指令,需要end结束符
public boolean render(InternalContextAdapter context, Writer writer,
			Node node) 具体处理过程

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