Image Copy Incremental Updates（ICIU）:concepts

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-31 09:15:05 发布

iteye_14608

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-31 09:15:05 发布

阅读量130

点赞数

文章标签：数据库

本文介绍了一种利用RMAN进行数据库增量备份的方法，通过创建数据文件的镜像拷贝，并结合1级增量备份集更新镜像，以实现高效的数据保护策略。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

㈠作用

限制 Redo 的运用量、从而降低恢复时间

㈡原理

创建数据文件的镜像拷贝、随后用增量备份集更新镜像拷贝
即：把 1 级增量备份集并入已存在的镜像拷贝中

㈢测试

① 脚本

RMAN> run { 
2> recover copy of database with tag 'ICIU1'; 
3> backup 
4> incremental level 1 tag 'ICIU1' 
5> for recover of copy with tag 'ICIU1' 
6> database plus archivelog delete input; 
7> }

其中、for recover of copy with tag、这告诉 RMAN、所创建的增量备份集将用于镜像拷贝

② 注释

该脚本可以每天运行、每一天运行：

Ⅰ recover copy 命令用前一天的 1 级增量备份更新每个数据文件的镜像拷贝
如果找不到镜像拷贝去更新或者 1 级增量备份去运用
recover copy 命令只是简单地发出一条消息、但不报错

Ⅱ backup 命令创建一个 1 级增量备份集、然而、
如果一个 0 级镜像拷贝不存在、那么、首先、backup 命令会先创建一个 0 级镜像

因此、在任何时候、你有可用于恢复的：

⑴ 最多 48 小时的镜像拷贝
⑵ 最多 24 小时的 1 级增量备份集
⑶ 在线和归档日志去支持完全恢复或者基于时间点的恢复

使用这个策略、去做一次完全恢复、你将不会运用超过 24 小时的归档日志
recover copy 命令会运用所有 1 级增量备份集到带有'ICIU1'标签的镜像拷贝上
注意、2 条命令里的 tag 是必须的

③ 第一次运行【创建 0 级镜像拷贝】

第一次运行 ICIU 脚本：
● recover copy 找不到可更新的镜像拷贝、所以、RMAN 返回了"no copy of datafile 1 found to recover"
● backup 命令意识到这里没有 0 级镜像拷贝(参阅返回消息"no parent backup or copy of datafile 1 found")
因此、RMAN 会为每个数据文件创建一份 0 级镜像拷贝

RMAN> run{
2>       recover copy of database with tag 'ICIU007';
3>       backup
4>            incremental level 1 tag 'ICIU007'
5>            for recover of copy with tag 'ICIU007'
6>            database plus archivelog delete input;
7>       }

Starting recover at 06-APR-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
no copy of datafile 1 found to recover
no copy of datafile 2 found to recover
no copy of datafile 3 found to recover
no copy of datafile 4 found to recover
Finished recover at 06-APR-13
......
......
此处省略 N 个字
......
Starting backup at 06-APR-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
no parent backup or copy of datafile 1 found
no parent backup or copy of datafile 3 found
no parent backup or copy of datafile 2 found
no parent backup or copy of datafile 4 found
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracle10/system01.dbf
output filename=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACLE10G/datafile/o1_mf_system_8p06t0nt_.dbf tag=ICIU007 recid=3 stamp=812062572
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:46
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracle10/sysaux01.dbf
output filename=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACLE10G/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8p06vgsb_.dbf tag=ICIU007 recid=4 stamp=812062601
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:27
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracle10/undotbs01.dbf
output filename=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACLE10G/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8p06wb6c_.dbf tag=ICIU007 recid=5 stamp=812062604
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracle10/users01.dbf
output filename=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACLE10G/datafile/o1_mf_users_8p06wffr_.dbf tag=ICIU007 recid=6 stamp=812062605
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
......
......

④ 第二次运行【创建 1 级增量备份集】

第二次运行 ICIU 脚本：
● backup 命令创建 1 级增量备份
● recover copy 命令依然没有起作用、因为、虽然第一次运行时已经创建了 0 级镜像拷贝
但、仍然没有 1 级增量备份
然而、"no copy of datafile 1 found to recover"这消息提示多少有些误导人了

RMAN> run{
2>       recover copy of database with tag 'ICIU007';
3>       backup
4>            incremental level 1 tag 'ICIU007'
5>            for recover of copy with tag 'ICIU007'
6>            database plus archivelog delete input;
7>       }

Starting recover at 07-APR-13
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=139 devtype=DISK
no copy of datafile 1 found to recover
no copy of datafile 2 found to recover
no copy of datafile 3 found to recover
no copy of datafile 4 found to recover
Finished recover at 07-APR-13


Starting backup at 07-APR-13
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set
input archive log thread=1 sequence=11 recid=9 stamp=812149977
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-APR-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-APR-13
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACLE10G/backupset/2013_04_07/o1_mf_annnn_ICIU007_8p2w6tv2_.bkp tag=ICIU007 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archive log(s)
archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACLE10G/archivelog/2013_04_07/o1_mf_1_11_8p2w6sbt_.arc recid=9 stamp=812149977
Finished backup at 07-APR-13

Starting backup at 07-APR-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracle10/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracle10/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracle10/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracle10/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-APR-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-APR-13
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACLE10G/backupset/2013_04_07/o1_mf_nnnd1_ICIU007_8p2w6y6y_.bkp tag=ICIU007 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
......
......

⑤ 第三次运行

第三次运行 ICIU 脚本：
● recover copy 命令运用前一天创建的增量 1 集备份集到数据文件镜像拷贝
● backup 命令创建一个新的 1 级增量备份集

RMAN> run{
2>       recover copy of database with tag 'ICIU007';
3>       backup
4>            incremental level 1 tag 'ICIU007'
5>            for recover of copy with tag 'ICIU007'
6>            database plus archivelog delete input;
7>       }

Starting recover at 08-APR-13
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=139 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile copies to recover
recovering datafile copy fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACLE10G/datafile/o1_mf_system_8p06t0nt_.dbf
recovering datafile copy fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACLE10G/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8p06wb6c_.dbf
recovering datafile copy fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACLE10G/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8p06vgsb_.dbf
recovering datafile copy fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACLE10G/datafile/o1_mf_users_8p06wffr_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACLE10G/backupset/2013_04_07/o1_mf_nnnd1_ICIU007_8p2w6y6y_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACLE10G/backupset/2013_04_07/o1_mf_nnnd1_ICIU007_8p2w6y6y_.bkp tag=ICIU007
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished recover at 08-APR-13


Starting backup at 08-APR-13
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set
input archive log thread=1 sequence=13 recid=11 stamp=812239310
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-APR-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-APR-13
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACLE10G/backupset/2013_04_08/o1_mf_annnn_ICIU007_8p5mgj9t_.bkp tag=ICIU007 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archive log(s)
archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACLE10G/archivelog/2013_04_08/o1_mf_1_13_8p5mggh0_.arc recid=11 stamp=812239310
Finished backup at 08-APR-13

Starting backup at 08-APR-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracle10/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracle10/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracle10/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracle10/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-APR-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-APR-13
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACLE10G/backupset/2013_04_08/o1_mf_nnnd1_ICIU007_8p5mgofk_.bkp tag=ICIU007 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
including current SPFILE in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-APR-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-APR-13
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORACLE10G/backupset/2013_04_08/o1_mf_ncsn1_ICIU007_8p5mgskg_.bkp tag=ICIU007 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 08-APR-13
.....
.....