JAVA 对象拷贝
为什么需要有对象拷贝?
对象拷贝相对的自然是引用拷贝。java初学者经常会问,我这个方法要改变一个对象的属性,可以把参数传进去了,为什么没有改变了?
——基本数据类型传值,而对象传引用或引用的拷贝。
而有时候我们要获取到一个当前状态的对象复制品,他们是两个独立对象。不再是引用或者引用拷贝(实质都是指向对象本身)。就是说a是b的拷贝,b发生变化的时候,不要影响a。
对象拷贝有浅拷贝和深度拷贝两种。
1)浅拷贝
浅拷贝是指对象中基本数据类型得到拷贝,而引用数据类型并未拷贝。
提到拷贝自然和clone联系起来了,所有具有clone功能的类都有一个特性,那就是它直接或间接地实现了Cloneable接口。
否则,我们在尝试调用clone()方法时,将会触发CloneNotSupportedException异常。
eg:
1
public
class
DOG
implements
Cloneable
2
{
3
public
DOG(String name,
int
age)
4
{
5
this
.name
=
name;
6
this
.age
=
age;
7
}
8
9
public
String getName()
10
{
11
return
this
.name;
12
}
13
14
public
int
getAge()
15
{
16
return
this
.age;
17
}
18
19
public
Object clone()
20
{
21
try
22
{
23
return
super
.clone();
24
25
}
catch
(CloneNotSupportedException e)
26
{
27
return
null
;
28
}
29
}
30
31
public
String name;
32
33
private
int
age;
34
35
//
test
36
public
static
void
main(String[] args)
37
{
38
DOG dog1
=
new
DOG(
"
xiaogou
"
,
2
);
39
DOG dog2
=
(DOG) dog1.clone();
40
dog1.name
=
"
dagou
"
;
41
System.out.println(dog2.getName());
42
System.out.println(dog2.getAge());
43
System.out.println(dog1.getName());
44
System.out.println(dog1.getAge());
45
46
}
47
48
}
49
public
class
DOG
implements
Cloneable2

{3
public
DOG(String name,
int
age)4

{5
this
.name
=
name;6
this
.age
=
age;7
}
8

9
public
String getName()10

{11
return
this
.name;12
}
13

14
public
int
getAge()15

{16
return
this
.age;17
}
18

19
public
Object clone()20

{21
try
22

{23
return
super
.clone();24

25
}
catch
(CloneNotSupportedException e)26

{27
return
null
;28
}
29
}
30

31
public
String name;32

33
private
int
age;34

35
//
test
36
public
static
void
main(String[] args)37

{38
DOG dog1
=
new
DOG(
"
xiaogou
"
,
2
);39
DOG dog2
=
(DOG) dog1.clone();40
dog1.name
=
"
dagou
"
;41
System.out.println(dog2.getName());42
System.out.println(dog2.getAge());43
System.out.println(dog1.getName());44
System.out.println(dog1.getAge());45

46
}
47

48
}
49
运行结果:
xiaogou
2
dagou
2
2)深度拷贝
相对浅拷贝。实现对象中基本数据类型和引用数据类型的拷贝。
请先看下面代码:
1
class
AAA
2
{
3
public
AAA(String name)
4
{
5
this
.name
=
name;
6
}
7
8
public
String name;
9
}
10
11
class
DOG
implements
Cloneable
12
{
13
public
DOG(String name,
int
age, AAA birthday)
14
{
15
this
.name
=
name;
16
this
.age
=
age;
17
this
.birthday
=
birthday;
18
}
19
20
public
String getName()
21
{
22
return
name;
23
}
24
25
public
int
getAge()
26
{
27
return
age;
28
}
29
30
public
AAA getBirthday()
31
{
32
return
birthday;
33
}
34
35
public
String getBirth(AAA a)
36
{
37
return
a.name;
38
}
39
40
public
String name;
41
42
private
int
age;
43
44
public
AAA birthday;
45
46
public
Object clone()
47
{
48
try
49
{
50
super
.clone();
51
return
super
.clone();
52
}
catch
(Exception e)
53
{
54
return
null
;
55
}
56
}
57
}
58
59
public
class
TestClone
60
{
61
public
static
void
main(String[] args)
62
{
63
AAA Day
=
new
AAA(
"
test
"
);
64
DOG dog1
=
new
DOG(
"
xiaogou
"
,
2
, Day);
65
DOG dog2
=
(DOG) dog1.clone();
66
//
dog2.birthday = (AAA) dog1.birthday.clone();
67
dog1.birthday.name
=
"
333
"
;
68
System.out.println(dog1.getBirth(dog1.birthday));
69
System.out.println(dog2.getBirth(dog2.birthday));
70
}
71
}
72
class
AAA2

{3
public
AAA(String name)4

{5
this
.name
=
name;6
}
7

8
public
String name;9
}
10

11
class
DOG
implements
Cloneable12

{13
public
DOG(String name,
int
age, AAA birthday)14

{15
this
.name
=
name;16
this
.age
=
age;17
this
.birthday
=
birthday;18
}
19

20
public
String getName()21

{22
return
name;23
}
24

25
public
int
getAge()26

{27
return
age;28
}
29

30
public
AAA getBirthday()31

{32
return
birthday;33
}
34

35
public
String getBirth(AAA a)36

{37
return
a.name;38
}
39

40
public
String name;41

42
private
int
age;43

44
public
AAA birthday;45

46
public
Object clone()47

{48
try
49

{50
super
.clone();51
return
super
.clone();52
}
catch
(Exception e)53

{54
return
null
;55
}
56
}
57
}
58

59
public
class
TestClone60

{61
public
static
void
main(String[] args)62

{63
AAA Day
=
new
AAA(
"
test
"
);64
DOG dog1
=
new
DOG(
"
xiaogou
"
,
2
, Day);65
DOG dog2
=
(DOG) dog1.clone();66
//
dog2.birthday = (AAA) dog1.birthday.clone();
67
dog1.birthday.name
=
"
333
"
;68
System.out.println(dog1.getBirth(dog1.birthday));69
System.out.println(dog2.getBirth(dog2.birthday));70
}
71
}
72
运行结果是:
333
333
而真正要实现拷贝还的加点代码,如下请对比上面和下面代码的异同之处:
1
class
AAA
implements
Cloneable
2
{
3
public
AAA(String name)
4
{
5
this
.name
=
name;
6
}
7
8
public
Object clone()
9
{
10
try
11
{
12
super
.clone();
13
return
super
.clone();
14
}
catch
(Exception e)
15
{
16
return
null
;
17
}
18
}
19
20
public
String name;
21
}
22
23
class
DOG
implements
Cloneable
24
{
25
public
DOG(String name,
int
age, AAA birthday)
26
{
27
this
.name
=
name;
28
this
.age
=
age;
29
this
.birthday
=
birthday;
30
}
class
AAA
implements
Cloneable2

{3
public
AAA(String name)4

{5
this
.name
=
name;6
}
7

8
public
Object clone()9

{10
try
11

{12
super
.clone();13
return
super
.clone();14
}
catch
(Exception e)15

{16
return
null
;17
}
18
}
19

20
public
String name;21
}
22

23
class
DOG
implements
Cloneable24

{25
public
DOG(String name,
int
age, AAA birthday)26

{27
this
.name
=
name;28
this
.age
=
age;29
this
.birthday
=
birthday;30
}
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