Kerberos认证详解-优快云博客

Name

kinit - obtain and cache Kerberos ticket-granting ticket

Synopsis

kinit

[-V] [-llifetime] [-sstart_time] [-rrenewable_life] [-p|-P] [-f|-F] [-a] [-A] [-C] [-E] [-v] [-R] [-k[-tkeytab_file]] [-ccache_name] [-n] [-Sservice_name][-Tarmor_ccache] [-Xattribute[=value]] [principal]

Description

kinitobtains and caches an initial ticket-granting ticket forprincipal.

Options

-V

display verbose output.

-llifetime requests a ticket with the lifetimelifetime. The value forlifetimemust be followed immediately by one of the following delimiters:

   s  seconds
   m  minutes
   h  hours
   d  days

as in "kinit -l 90m". You cannot mix units; a value of '3h30m' will result in an error.

If the-loption is not specified, the default ticket lifetime (configured by each site) is used. Specifying a ticket lifetime longer than the maximum ticket lifetime (configured by each site) results in a ticket with the maximum lifetime.

-sstart_time requests a postdated ticket, valid starting atstart_time. Postdated tickets are issued with theinvalidflag set, and need to be fed back to the kdc before use. -rrenewable_life requests renewable tickets, with a total lifetime ofrenewable_life. The duration is in the same format as the-loption, with the same delimiters. -f

request forwardable tickets.

-F

do not request forwardable tickets.

-p

request proxiable tickets.

-P

do not request proxiable tickets.

-a

request tickets with the local address[es].

-A

request address-less tickets.

-C

requests canonicalization of the principal name.

-E

treats the principal name as an enterprise name.

-v

requests that the ticket granting ticket in the cache (with theinvalidflag set) be passed to the kdc for validation. If the ticket is within its requested time range, the cache is replaced with the validated ticket.

-R

requests renewal of the ticket-granting ticket. Note that an expired ticket cannot be renewed, even if the ticket is still within its renewable life.

-k[-tkeytab_file] requests a ticket, obtained from a key in the local host'skeytabfile. The name and location of the keytab file may be specified with the-tkeytab_fileoption; otherwise the default name and location will be used. By default a host ticket is requested but any principal may be specified. On a KDC, the special keytab locationKDB:can be used to indicate that kinit should open the KDC database and look up the key directly. This permits an administrator to obtain tickets as any principal that supports password-based authentication. -n

Requests anonymous processing. Two types of anonymous principals are supported. For fully anonymous Kerberos, configure pkinit on the KDC and configurepkinit_anchorsin the client's krb5.conf. Then use the-noption with a principal of the form@REALM(an empty principal name followed by the at-sign and a realm name). If permitted by the KDC, an anonymous ticket will be returned. A second form of anonymous tickets is supported; these realm-exposed tickets hide the identity of the client but not the client's realm. For this mode, usekinit -nwith a normal principal name. If supported by the KDC, the principal (but not realm) will be replaced by the anonymous principal. As of release 1.8, the MIT Kerberos KDC only supports fully anonymous operation.

-Tarmor_ccache Specifies the name of a credential cache that already contains a ticket. If supported by the KDC, This ccache will be used to armor the request so that an attacker would have to know both the key of the armor ticket and the key of the principal used for authentication in order to attack the request. Armoring also makes sure that the response from the KDC is not modified in transit. -ccache_name usecache_nameas the Kerberos 5 credentials (ticket) cache name and location; if this option is not used, the default cache name and location are used.

The default credentials cache may vary between systems. If theKRB5CCNAMEenvironment variable is set, its value is used to name the default ticket cache. If a principal name is specified and the type of the default credentials cache supports a collection (such as the DIR type), an existing cache containing credentials for the principal is selected or a new one is created and becomes the new primary cache. Otherwise, any existing contents of the default cache are destroyed bykinit.

-Sservice_name specify an alternate service name to use when getting initial tickets. -Xattribute[=value] specify a pre-authentication attribute and value to be passed to pre-authentication plugins. The acceptableattributeandvaluevalues vary from pre-authentication plugin to plugin. This option may be specified multiple times to specify multiple attributes. If novalueis specified, it is assumed to be "yes".

The following attributes are recognized by the OpenSSL pkinit
pre-authentication mechanism:
   X509_user_identity=value
      specify where to find user's X509 identity information
   X509_anchors=value
      specify where to find trusted X509 anchor information
   flag_RSA_PROTOCOL[=yes]
      specify use of RSA, rather than the default Diffie-Hellman protocol

Environment

Kinituses the following environment variables:

KRB5CCNAME

Location of the default Kerberos 5 credentials (ticket) cache, in the formtype:residual. If no type prefix is present, theFILEtype is assumed. The type of the default cache may determine the availability of a cache collection; for instance, a default cache of typeDIRcauses caches within the directory to be present in the collection.