本文介绍了使用ArcGIS平台进行空间数据管理的方法，包括连接空间数据库、查询要素类、转移要素类、转换追加要素类等内容，并提供了具体实现代码。
本系统的一个重点功能就是管理空间数据，所以很多空间数据的操作，而且这些操作可能随时都可能用到，所以单独封装为一个独立的空间数据操作类（地图操作类）。封装的函数都是一些最基本的操作功能，具体实现基于ArcGIS平台的空间数据管理还需要很多复杂的功能和逻辑，后面介绍空间数据管理和编辑的时候会详细介绍。
1.首先我们需要介绍的是连接空间数据库的代码函数，具体实现如下：
/// <summary>
/// 连接空间数据库并得到一个SDE工作空间的实例
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IFeatureWorkspace GetFeatrueWorkspace()
{
//定义一个属性
IPropertySet pPS = new PropertySetClass();
//设置数据库服务器名，服务器所在的IP地址
pPS.SetProperty("SERVER", ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["SERVER"]);
//propset.SetProperty("SERVER", "10.51.6.233");
//设置SDE的端口，这是安装时指定的，默认安装时"port:5151"
pPS.SetProperty("INSTANCE", ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["INSTANCE"]);
//SDE的用户名
pPS.SetProperty("USER", ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["USER"]);
//密码
pPS.SetProperty("PASSWORD", ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["PASSWORD"]);
//设置数据库的名字,只有SQL Server Informix 数据库才需要设置
pPS.SetProperty("DATABASE", ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["DATABASE"]);
//SDE的版本,在这为默认版本
pPS.SetProperty("VERSION", ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["VERSION"]);
//定义一个工作空间,并实例化为SDE的工作空间
IWorkspaceFactory pWF = new SdeWorkspaceFactoryClass();
//打开SDE工作空间,并转化为地物工作空间
IFeatureWorkspace pFW = (IFeatureWorkspace)pWF.Open(pPS, 0);
return pFW;
}上面这个函数是采用SDE连接方式，也可以采用直接连接的方式，下面一个函数通过一个if分支语句来判断可以采用SDE也可以采用直接连接的方式实现，具体请看代码及详细的注释：
public static IWorkspace FindWsByDefault()
{
//定义一个属性
IPropertySet Propset = new PropertySetClass();
if (true) // 采用SDE连接
{
//设置数据库服务器名，服务器所在的IP地址
Propset.SetProperty("SERVER", "192.168.1.111");
//设置SDE的端口，这是安装时指定的，默认安装时"port:5151"
Propset.SetProperty("INSTANCE", "port:5151");
//SDE的用户名
Propset.SetProperty("USER", "sde");
//密码
Propset.SetProperty("PASSWORD", "sde");
//设置数据库的名字,只有SQL Server Informix 数据库才需要设置
//Propset.SetProperty("DATABASE", "sde");
//SDE的版本,在这为默认版本
Propset.SetProperty("VERSION", "SDE.DEFAULT");
}
else // 直接连接
{
//设置数据库服务器名,如果是本机可以用"sde:sqlserver:."
Propset.SetProperty("INSTANCE", "sde:sqlserver:zhpzh");
//SDE的用户名
Propset.SetProperty("USER", "sa");
//密码
Propset.SetProperty("PASSWORD", "sa");
//设置数据库的名字,只有SQL Server Informix 数据库才需要设置
Propset.SetProperty("DATABASE", "sde");
//SDE的版本,在这为默认版本
Propset.SetProperty("VERSION", "SDE.DEFAULT");
}
//定义一个工作空间,并实例化为SDE的工作空间
IWorkspaceFactory factory = new SdeWorkspaceFactoryClass();
//打开SDE工作空间,并转化为地物工作空间
IWorkspace workspace = factory.Open(Propset, 0);
return workspace;
}代码注释里面提到的工作空间就相当于一个数据库，里面包含了各种可以操作的图层（相当于数据库中的表）。
2.在一个指定的工作空间中查询一个要素类
/// <summary>
/// 查找指定要素
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ws"></param>
/// <param name="className"></param>
/// <param name="dsName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IFeatureClass FindClassByName(IWorkspace ws, string className, string dsName)
{
IEnumDataset enumDs;
if (dsName != "")
{
enumDs = ws.get_Datasets(esriDatasetType.esriDTFeatureDataset);
IFeatureDataset featureDs = enumDs.Next() as IFeatureDataset;
while (featureDs != null)
{
string strTemp = featureDs.Name.Substring(featureDs.Name.IndexOf('.') + 1);
if (strTemp == dsName)
{
return GetFcFromDataset(featureDs, className);
}
featureDs = enumDs.Next() as IFeatureDataset;
}
}
else
{
enumDs = ws.get_Datasets(esriDatasetType.esriDTFeatureClass);
return GetFcFromEnumDataset(enumDs,className);
}
return null;
}然后利用这个函数实现了另外一个函数：通过要素类名和数据集名在指定的工作空间中寻找要素类
/// <summary>
/// 通过要素类名和数据集名在指定的工作空间中寻找要素类
/// </summary>
/// <param name="className"></param>
/// <param name="datasetName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IFeatureClass FindClassByName(string className, string datasetName)
{
IWorkspace ws = FindWsByDefault();
IFeatureClass featClass = FindClassByName(ws, className, datasetName);
return featClass;
}3.在数据集中查找要素类，一个数据集可能包含多个要素类，数据集就是把一些具有共同特征（共同的数据结构类型，空间参考相同等）的数据（要素类）划分成一个一个的集合。
/// <summary>
/// 在数据集中查找要素类
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pFD"></param>
/// <param name="className"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IFeatureClass GetFcFromDataset(IFeatureDataset pFD, string className)
{
IFeatureClass pFC;
IFeatureClassContainer pFCC = pFD as IFeatureClassContainer;
for (int i = 0; i < pFCC.ClassCount; i++)
{
pFC = pFCC.get_Class(i);
string strTemp = pFC.AliasName.Substring(pFC.AliasName.IndexOf('.') + 1);
if (strTemp == className)
{
return pFC;
}
}
return null;
}4.将一个要素类从一个工作空间转移到另外一个工作空间：例如文件系统目录（Shape格式文件组成）、mdb或其他格式，文件系统目录下的所有Shape文件（一个等同于表结构的数据文件，内容等同于表里面的数据）构成一个工作空间。
/// <summary>
/// 将一个要素类从一个工作空间转移到另外一个工作空间
/// 注意目标工作空间不能有改要素类，必须先清除
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sourceWorkspace">源工作空间</param>
/// <param name="targetWorkspace">目标工作空间</param>
/// <param name="nameOfSourceFeatureClass">源要素类名</param>
/// <param name="nameOfTargetFeatureClass">目标要素类名</param>
public static void ConvertFeatureClass(IWorkspace sourceWorkspace, IWorkspace targetWorkspace,
string nameOfSourceFeatureClass, string nameOfTargetFeatureClass, int sc_id)
{
//create source workspace name
//创建源工作空间名称
IDataset sourceWorkspaceDataset = (IDataset)sourceWorkspace;
IWorkspaceName sourceWorkspaceName = (IWorkspaceName)sourceWorkspaceDataset.FullName;
//create source dataset name
//创建源数据集名称
IFeatureClassName sourceFeatureClassName = new FeatureClassNameClass();
IDatasetName sourceDatasetName = (IDatasetName)sourceFeatureClassName;
sourceDatasetName.WorkspaceName = sourceWorkspaceName;
sourceDatasetName.Name = nameOfSourceFeatureClass;
//create target workspace name
//创建目标工作空间名称
IDataset targetWorkspaceDataset = (IDataset)targetWorkspace;
IWorkspaceName targetWorkspaceName = (IWorkspaceName)targetWorkspaceDataset.FullName;
//create target dataset name
//创建目标数据集名称
IFeatureClassName targetFeatureClassName = new FeatureClassNameClass();
IDatasetName targetDatasetName = (IDatasetName)targetFeatureClassName;
targetDatasetName.WorkspaceName = targetWorkspaceName;
targetDatasetName.Name = nameOfTargetFeatureClass;
//Open input Featureclass to get field definitions.
//打开输入的要素类以得到字段定义
IName sourceName = (IName)sourceFeatureClassName;
//打开源要素类
IFeatureClass sourceFeatureClass = (IFeatureClass)sourceName.Open();
//Validate the field names because you are converting between different workspace types.
//验证字段名称，因为你正在不同类型的工作空间之间进行数据转换
IFieldChecker fieldChecker = new FieldCheckerClass();
IFields targetFeatureClassFields;
IFields sourceFeatureClassFields = sourceFeatureClass.Fields;
IEnumFieldError enumFieldError;
// Most importantly set the input and validate workspaces!
//最重要的设置输入和验证工作空间
fieldChecker.InputWorkspace = sourceWorkspace;
fieldChecker.ValidateWorkspace = targetWorkspace;
fieldChecker.Validate(sourceFeatureClassFields, out enumFieldError, out targetFeatureClassFields);
// Loop through the output fields to find the geomerty field
//遍历所有输出字段找到几何字段
IField geometryField;
for (int i = 0; i < targetFeatureClassFields.FieldCount; i++)
{
if (targetFeatureClassFields.get_Field(i).Type == esriFieldType.esriFieldTypeGeometry)
{
geometryField = targetFeatureClassFields.get_Field(i);
// Get the geometry field's geometry defenition
//得到几何字段的几何定义
IGeometryDef geometryDef = geometryField.GeometryDef;
//Give the geometry definition a spatial index grid count and grid size
//赋予几何定义一个空间索引格网数目和格网大小值
IGeometryDefEdit targetFCGeoDefEdit = (IGeometryDefEdit)geometryDef;
targetFCGeoDefEdit.GridCount_2 = 1;
targetFCGeoDefEdit.set_GridSize(0, 0);
//Allow ArcGIS to determine a valid grid size for the data loaded
//允许ArcGIS为数据加载确定一个有效的格网大小
if (sc_id == 0)
{
targetFCGeoDefEdit.SpatialReference_2 = geometryField.GeometryDef.SpatialReference;
}
else
{
ISpatialReferenceFactory2 pSRF2 = new SpatialReferenceEnvironmentClass();
IGeographicCoordinateSystem pGCS = pSRF2.CreateGeographicCoordinateSystem(sc_id);
ISpatialReference pSR = (ISpatialReference)pGCS;
targetFCGeoDefEdit.SpatialReference_2 = pSR;
}
//geometryField.GeometryDef.SpatialReference;
// we want to convert all of the features
//转换要素类中所有的要素
IQueryFilter queryFilter = new QueryFilterClass();
queryFilter.WhereClause = "";
// Load the feature class
//加载要素类
IFeatureDataConverter fctofc = new FeatureDataConverterClass();
IEnumInvalidObject enumErrors = fctofc.ConvertFeatureClass(sourceFeatureClassName,
queryFilter, null, targetFeatureClassName, geometryDef,
targetFeatureClassFields, "", 1000, 0);
break;
}
}
}5.将mdb或Shape文件中要素类转换追加到sde数据库已有的要素类中，追加的mdb和Shape格式必须同SDE（空间数据库插件）数据库中表结构的数据格式相同
/// <summary>
/// 将mdb或Shape文件中要素类转换追加到sde数据库已有的要素类中
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sourceWorkspace"></param>
/// <param name="targetWorkspace"></param>
/// <param name="nameOfSourceFeatureClass"></param>
/// <param name="nameOfTargetFeatureClass"></param>
public static void AddFeatureClassToSDE(IWorkspace sourceWorkspace, IWorkspace targetWorkspace,
string nameOfSourceFeatureClass, string nameOfTargetFeatureClass)
{
IFeatureWorkspace pSourceFW = sourceWorkspace as IFeatureWorkspace;
IFeatureClass pSourceFc = pSourceFW.OpenFeatureClass(nameOfSourceFeatureClass);
IFeatureWorkspace pTargetFW = targetWorkspace as IFeatureWorkspace;
IFeatureClass pTargetFc = pTargetFW.OpenFeatureClass(nameOfTargetFeatureClass);
mdb2fc(pSourceFc, pTargetFc);
}函数通过各自的工作空间和要素类名称等到具体需要转换的要素类（包括源要素类：mdb或shape格式中的表结构和目标要素类：SDE中的表结构），然后调用mdb2fc完成具体的转换工作，实现代码如下：
/// <summary>
/// 追加要素到SDE的featureclass中
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pSourceFc">源要素类</param>
/// <param name="pTargetFc">目的要素类</param>
private static void mdb2fc(IFeatureClass pSourceFc, IFeatureClass pTargetFc)
{
IFeatureCursor pFeaCursor = pSourceFc.Search(null, false);
IFeature pFeature = pFeaCursor.NextFeature();
IField pField = new FieldClass();
int iIndex = 0;
while (pFeature != null)
{
IFeature tempFeature = pTargetFc.CreateFeature();
tempFeature.Shape = pFeature.Shape;
try
{
//添加字段值
for (int j = 0; j < pSourceFc.Fields.FieldCount; j++)
{
pField = pSourceFc.Fields.get_Field(j);
iIndex = tempFeature.Fields.FindField(pField.Name);
if (pField.Editable && iIndex != -1)
{
tempFeature.set_Value(iIndex, pFeature.get_Value(j));
}
}
tempFeature.Store();
}
catch (System.Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
return;
}
pFeature = pFeaCursor.NextFeature();
}
}上面根据源要素类的每一个字段的每一个值依次遍历并且插入SDE的目的要素类（表）中。
6.在图层中搜索要素
/// <summary>
/// 在图层中搜索要素
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pFeatLyr">需要搜索的图层</param>
/// <param name="pGeo">搜索的集合条件</param>
/// <returns>包含结果集的游标对象</returns>
public static IFeatureCursor SearchFeatures(IFeatureLayer pFeatLyr, IGeometry pGeo)
{
try
{
ISpatialFilter spatialFilter = new SpatialFilterClass();
spatialFilter.Geometry = pGeo;
spatialFilter.GeometryField = pFeatLyr.FeatureClass.ShapeFieldName;
spatialFilter.SpatialRel = esriSpatialRelEnum.esriSpatialRelIntersects;
IFeatureCursor featureCursor = pFeatLyr.FeatureClass.Search(spatialFilter, false);
return pFeatLyr.FeatureClass.Search(spatialFilter, false);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
return null;
}
}7.从选择集中创建要素集
/// <summary>
/// 从选择集中创建要素集
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pFeatureLayer">来源图层</param>
/// <param name="pGeometry">选择范围</param>
/// <returns>FeatureClass</returns>
public static IFeatureClass CreateSelectionLayer(IFeatureLayer pFL, IGeometry pGeometry)
{
try
{
IFeatureLayerDefinition pFLD = pFL as IFeatureLayerDefinition;
ISpatialFilter pSF = new SpatialFilterClass();
pSF.Geometry = pGeometry;
pSF.SpatialRel = esriSpatialRelEnum.esriSpatialRelIntersects;
IQueryFilter pQFilter = pSF;
IFeatureSelection pFeatureSel = pFL as IFeatureSelection;
pFeatureSel.SelectFeatures(pSF, esriSelectionResultEnum.esriSelectionResultNew, false);
IFeatureLayer pSelFL = pFLD.CreateSelectionLayer("Selected Layer", true, null, null);
return pSelFL.FeatureClass;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw (new Exception(e.Message));
}
}8.得到一个要素类和数据集的空间参考系
/// <summary>
/// 得到一个要素类的空间参考系
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pFeatureClass">要素类</param>
/// <returns>空间参考系</returns>
public static ISpatialReference getSpatialReference(IFeatureClass pFeatureClass)
{
IGeoDataset pGeoDataset = pFeatureClass as IGeoDataset;
return pGeoDataset.SpatialReference;
}
/// <summary>
/// 得到一个数据集的空间参考系
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pFeatureDataset">数据集</param>
/// <returns>空间参考系</returns>
public static ISpatialReference getSpatialReference(IFeatureDataset pFeatureDataset)
{
IGeoDataset pGeoDataset = pFeatureDataset as IGeoDataset;
return pGeoDataset.SpatialReference;
}9.改变要素类的空间参考
/// <summary>
/// 改变要素类的空间参考
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pFeatureClass">要素类</param>
/// <param name="pGeoType">空间参考类型</param>
public static void ChangeFeatureClassRef(IFeatureClass pFeatureClass, int gcsType)
{
IGeoDataset pGeoDataset = pFeatureClass as IGeoDataset;
//QI 到IGeoDatasetSchemaEdit
IGeoDatasetSchemaEdit pGeoDatasetSchemaEdit = pGeoDataset as
IGeoDatasetSchemaEdit;
if (pGeoDatasetSchemaEdit.CanAlterSpatialReference == true)
{
//创建SpatialReferenceEnvironmentClass对象
ISpatialReferenceFactory2 pSpaRefFactory = new SpatialReferenceEnvironmentClass();
//创建地理坐标系对象
IGeographicCoordinateSystem pNewGeoSys = pSpaRefFactory.CreateGeographicCoordinateSystem(gcsType);
pGeoDatasetSchemaEdit.AlterSpatialReference(pNewGeoSys);
}
}10.根据各种信息创建要素类
/// <summary>
/// 创建一个要素类
/// </summary>
/// <param name="workspace">创建要素类的工作空间</param>
/// <param name="featureDataset">数据集</param>
/// <param name="featureClassName">要素类名称</param>
/// <param name="fields">字段集合</param>
/// <param name="CLSID"></param>
/// <param name="CLSEXT"></param>
/// <param name="strConfigKeyword"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IFeatureClass CreateFeatureClass(IWorkspace2 workspace,
IFeatureDataset featureDataset, String featureClassName, IFields fields,
UID CLSID, UID CLSEXT, String strConfigKeyword)
{
// name was not passed in
if (featureClassName == "")
{
return null;
}
IFeatureClass featureClass;
IFeatureWorkspace featureWorkspace = (IFeatureWorkspace)workspace;
//feature class with that name already exists
if (workspace.get_NameExists(esriDatasetType.esriDTFeatureClass, featureClassName))
{
featureClass = featureWorkspace.OpenFeatureClass(featureClassName);
return featureClass;
}
// assign the class id value if not assigned
if (CLSID == null)
{
CLSID = new UIDClass();
CLSID.Value = "esriGeoDatabase.Feature";
}
IObjectClassDescription objectClassDescription = new FeatureClassDescriptionClass();
// if a fields collection is not passed in then supply our own
if (fields == null)
{
return null;
}
System.String strShapeField = "";
// locate the shape field
for (int j = 0; j < fields.FieldCount; j++)
{
if (fields.get_Field(j).Type == esriFieldType.esriFieldTypeGeometry)
{
strShapeField = fields.get_Field(j).Name;
break;
}
}
// Use IFieldChecker to create a validated fields collection.
IFieldChecker fieldChecker = new FieldCheckerClass();
IEnumFieldError enumFieldError = null;
IFields validatedFields = null;
fieldChecker.ValidateWorkspace = (IWorkspace)workspace;
fieldChecker.Validate(fields, out enumFieldError, out validatedFields);
// The enumFieldError enumerator can be inspected at this point to determine
// which fields were modified during validation.
// finally create and return the feature class
if (featureDataset == null)// if no feature dataset passed in, create at the workspace level
{
featureClass = featureWorkspace.CreateFeatureClass(featureClassName, validatedFields, CLSID,
CLSEXT, esriFeatureType.esriFTSimple, strShapeField, strConfigKeyword);
}
else
{
featureClass = featureDataset.CreateFeatureClass(featureClassName, validatedFields, CLSID,
CLSEXT, esriFeatureType.esriFTSimple, strShapeField, strConfigKeyword);
}
return featureClass;
}11.导入一个要素类到目标工作空间中
/// <summary>
/// 导入一个要素类到目标工作空间中
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pFW">目标工作空间</param>
/// <param name="pFD">目标工作空间中的数据集</param>
/// <param name="strFCName">导入的目标工作空间的要素类名称</param>
/// <param name="pFC">被导入的要素类</param>
public static void ImportFeatureClassToSDE(IFeatureWorkspace pFW, IFeatureDataset pFD,
string strFCName, IFeatureClass pSourceFC)
{
if (pSourceFC == null)
{
MessageBox.Show("被导入的要素类为空了!");
return;
}
IWorkspace2 pW2 = pFW as IWorkspace2;
IFeatureClass pTargetFC = null;
pTargetFC = CreateFeatureClass(pW2, pFD, strFCName, pSourceFC.Fields, null,
null, "");
if (pTargetFC != null)
{
mdb2fc(pSourceFC, pTargetFC);
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("打开或创建目标要素类失败!");
}
}12.编辑空间参照和设置IFeatureDataset空间参照
/// <summary>
/// 编辑空间参照
/// </summary>
/// <param name="inputSpr"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static ISpatialReference EditSpatialReferenceDlg(ISpatialReference inputSpr)
{
ESRI.ArcGIS.CatalogUI.ISpatialReferenceDialog2 spatialReferenceDialog2 = new ESRI.ArcGIS.CatalogUI.SpatialReferenceDialogClass();
ISpatialReference spf = spatialReferenceDialog2.DoModalEdit(inputSpr, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 0);
return spf;
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置IFeatureDataset空间参照
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ds"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static void SetFdsSpatialReference(IFeatureClass ds)
{
IGeoDataset gds = ds as IGeoDataset;
// Cast the geodataset to the IGeoDatasetSchemaEdit interface and set the Spatial Reference.
IGeoDatasetSchemaEdit geoDatasetSchemaEdit = (IGeoDatasetSchemaEdit)gds;
if (geoDatasetSchemaEdit.CanAlterSpatialReference)
{
geoDatasetSchemaEdit.AlterSpatialReference(EditSpatialReferenceDlg(gds.SpatialReference));
}
}这里实现所有的函数都是在类MapOperation中，要看懂上面的所有代码必须要有一些ArcObejct编程的基础知识，当然还包括我前一篇博文介绍的有关于ArcGIS的相关知识，为了给大家提供一些ArcObject的编程知识，特别是用C#讲解的，我上传一本电子书，这本书我觉得很不错，讲到了很多关于ArcGIS二次开发的各个方面。电子书的下载地址：
http://download.youkuaiyun.com/detail/wanweiaiaqiang/3824454；或在下载页搜索：ArcGIS Engine+C#实例开发教程。
凌晨1:50，睡觉了。昨天晚上我们整个项目组在公司加班到晚上10点以后哦！
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