[转载]MSIL Instruction Table

原文地址：http://safari.oreilly.com/0735616485/IDABH1W

Throughout this text, I've often employed the ILDASM utility to illustrate the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) that the C# compiler generates. I used ILDASM to give you a more complete understanding of the lower-level workings of the C# compiler. Although I briefly explain what each MSIL instruction does in the context of the chapter in which the instruction is used, I thought it would be nice to have a central listing of all the instructions. In the following table, I list each MSIL instruction, its opcode, the parameters that are passed to the instruction, and the resulting stack transition.

Here are a few notes that should help you when reading the table:

• Because pushing means to place something on the stack, I use the phrase pushing a value rather than the more verbose pushing the value onto the stack.

• Because popping is widely understood to mean taking something off the stack, I use the phrase popping the value instead of the more verbose popping the value off the stack.

• When I use the word indirect, I'm referring to retrieving a value through its address. Therefore, the phrase pushes (indirect) value should be understood to mean pushes the value pointed at by an address onto the stack.

• The term native int represents a 32-bit integer on all 32-bit versions of Microsoft Windows.

• The letter F represents the native floating point.

• The state transition column is intended to illustrate a before-and-after picture of the stack. For example, the stack transition: "…, value1, value2-> …, result" indicates that before the instruction is executed, the stack must contain two values (value1,value2), and that after the instruction is executed, these values will be replaced with one value (result). Note that the ellipsis character simply indicates unknown values on the stack that have nothing to do with this instruction.

Table A-1. MSIL Instructions

Instruction (Opcode) Description Stack Transition add (0x58) Adds two values, pushing result ...,val1,val2->...,result add.ovf (0xD6) Adds integer values, pushing result; throws exception on overflow ...,val1,val2->...,result add.ovf.un (0xD7) Adds unsigned integer values, pushing result; throws exception on overflow ...,val1,val2->...,result and (0x5F) Bitwise AND of two integral values, pushing an integral value ...val1,val2->...,result arglist (0xFE 0x00) Pushes argument list handle for current method ...->...,argListHandle beq int32 (0x3B) Branches to specified offset if two top stack values are equal ...,value,value->... beq.s int8 (0x2E) Branches to specified offset if two top stack values are equal ...,value,value->... bge int32 (0x3C) Branches to specified offset if value1 is greater than or equal to value2 ...,value1,value2->... bge.s int8 (0x2F) Branches to specified offset if value1 is greater than or equal to value2 ...,value1,value2->... bge.un int32 (0x41) Branches to specified offset if value1 is greater than or equal to value2 (unsigned or unordered) ...,value1,value2->... bge.un.s int8 (0x34) Branches to specified offset if value1 is greater than or equal to value2 (unsigned or unordered) ...,value1,value2->... bgt int32 (0x3D) Branches to specified offset if value1 is greater than value2 ...,value1,value2->... bgt.s int8 (0x30) Branches to specified offset if value1 is greater than value2 ...,value1,value2->... bgt.un int32 (0x42) Branches to specified offset if value1 is greater than value2 (unsigned or unordered) ...,value1,value2->... bgt.un.s int8 (0x35) Branches to specified offset if value1 is greater than value2 (unsigned or unordered) ...,value1,value2->... ble int32 (0x3E) Branches to specified offset if value1 is less than or equal to value2 ...,value1,value2->... ble.s int8 (0x31) Branches to specified offset if value1 is less than or equal to value2 ...,value1,value2->... ble.un int32 (0x43) Branches to specified offset if value1 is less than or equal to value2 (unsigned or unordered) ...,value1,value2->... ble.un.s int8 (0x36) Branches to specified offset if value1 is less than or equal to value2 (unsigned or unordered) ...,value1,value2->... blt.un int32 (0x44) Branches to specified offset if value1 is less than value2 (unsigned or unordered) ...,value1,value2->... blt.un.s int8 (0x37) Branches to specified offset if value1 is less than value2 (unsigned or unordered) ...,value1,value2->... bne.un.s int8 (0x33) Branches to specified offset if value1 isn't equal to value2 (unsigned or unordered) ...,value1,value2->... blt int32 (0x3F) Branches to specified offset if value1 is less than value2 ...,value1,value2->... blt.s int8 (0x32) Branches to specified offset if value1 is less than value2 ...,value1,value2->... bne.un int32 (0x40) Branches to specified offset if value1 isn't equal to value2 (unsigned or unordered) ...,value1,value2->... box type (0x8C) Converts value type to object reference ...,valType->...,obj br int32 (0x38) Unconditional branch to specified offset ...->... br.s int8 (0x2B) Branches to specified offset ...->... Break (0x01) Informs the debugger that a breakpoint has been reached ...->... brfalse int32 (0x39) Branches to specified offset if value on stack is false ...,value->... brfalse.s int8 (0x2C) Branches to specified offset if value on stack is false ...,value->... brtrue int32 (0x3A) Branches to specified offset if value on stack is true ...,value->... brtrue.s int8 (0x2D) Branches to specified offset if value on stack is true ...,value->... call method (0x28) Calls a method ...->... calli signature (0x29) Calls method indicated by address on stack; stack also contains 1...n arguments

...,arg1,arg2,argN, method->retVal

(retVal is not always pushed onto the stack as a result of the calli signature instruction.)

callvirt method (0x6F) Calls virtual method of obj

...,obj,arg1... argn->...,retVal

(Not always pushed onto the stack for the callvirt method instruction.)

castclass type (0x74) Casts obj to class ...,obj->...,obj2 ceq (0xFE 0x01) Compares equality of two values on stack; pushes 1 if equal; otherwise, pushes 0 ...,val1,val2->...,result cgt (0xFE 0x02) Compares to see whether val1 is greater than val2; pushes 1 if true and 0 if false ...,val1,val2->...,result cgt.un (0xFE 0x03) Compares to see whether val1 is greater than val2 (unsigned or unordered); pushes 1 if true and 0 if false ...,val1,val2->...,result ckfinite (0xC3) Checks for a finite real number; exception thrown if not a number (NaN) or (+/-)infinity; otherwise, value is left on stack ...,value->...,value clt (0xFE 0x04) Compares to see whether val1 is less than val2; pushes 1 if true and 0 if false ...,val1,val2->...,result clt.un (0xFE 0x05) Compares to see whether val1 is less than val2 (unsigned or unordered); pushes 1 if true and 0 if false ...,val1,val2->...,result conv.i (0xD3) Converts value to native int, pushing resulting native int ...,value->...,result conv.i1 (0x67) Converts value to int8, pushing int32 ...,value->...,result conv.i2 (0x68) Converts value to int16, pushing int32 ...,value->...,result conv.i4 (0x69) Converts value to int32, pushing int32 ...,value->...,result conv.i8 (0x6A) Converts value to int64, pushing int64 ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.i (0xD4) Converts value to native int, pushing resulting native int; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.i.un (0x8A) Converts unsigned value to native int, pushing resulting native int; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.i1 (0xB3) Converts value to int8, pushing resulting int32; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.i1.un (0x82) Converts value to uint8, pushing resulting int32; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.i2 (0xB5) Converts value to int16, pushing resulting int32; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.i2.un (0x83) Converts value to uint16, pushing resulting int32; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.i4 (0xB7) Converts value to int32, pushing resulting int32; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.i4.un (0x84) Converts value to uint32, pushing resulting int32; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.i8 (0xB9) Converts value to int64, pushing resulting int64; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.i8.un (0x85) Converts value to uint64, pushing resulting int64; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.u (0xD5) Converts value to native unsigned int, pushing resulting native unsigned int; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.u.un (0x8B) Converts unsigned value to native unsigned int, pushing resulting native int; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.u2 (0xB6) Converts value to uint16, pushing resulting int32; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.u2.un (0x87) Converts unsigned value to uint16, pushing resulting int32; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.u4 (0xB8) Converts value to uint32, pushing resulting int32; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.u4.un (0x88) Converts unsigned value to uint32, pushing resulting int32; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.u8 (0xBA) Converts value to uint16, pushing resulting int64; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.u8.un (0x89) Converts unsigned value to uint64, pushing resulting int64; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.u1 (0xB4) Converts value to uint8, pushing resulting int32; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.ovf.u1.un (0x86) Converts unsigned value to uint8, pushing resulting int32; throws exception on overflow ...,value->...,result conv.r.un (0x76) Converts unsigned integer to floating point, pushing F ...,value->...,result conv.r4 (0x6B) Converts value to float32, pushing F ...,value->...,result conv.r8 (0x6C) Converts value to float64, pushing F ...,value->...,result conv.u (0xE0) Converts value to native unsigned int, pushing native int ...,value->...,result conv.u1 (0xD2) Converts value to uint8, pushing resulting int32 ...,value->...,result conv.u2 (0xD1) Converts value to uint16, pushing resulting int32 ...,value->...,result conv.u4 (0x6D) Converts value to uint32, pushing int32 ...,value->...,result conv.u8 (0x6E) Converts value to uint32, pushing int32 ...,value->...,result cpblk (0xFE 0x17) Copies size bytes from srcAddr to destAddr in memory ...,destAddr,srcAddr, size->... cpobj type (0x70) Copies a value type ...,destAddr, srcAddr->... div (0x5B) Divides value1 by value2, pushing result ...,val1,val2->...,result div.un (0x5C) Divides (unsigned) integer values, pushing result ...,val1,val2->...,result dup (0x25) Duplicates the value at top of stack ...,value-> ...,value,value endfilter (0xFE 0x11) Returns from the filter clause of an SEH exception ...,value->... endfinally (0xDC) Returns from a finally clause ...->... jmp method (0x27) Transfers control to the specified method ...->... initblk (0xFE 0x18) Initializes a block of size memory starting at addr with value ...,addr,value,size->... initobj classToken (0xFE 0x15) Initializes a value type