FATAL: Failed to make swap directory /etc/squid/cache: (13) Permission denied

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-05 21:55:45 发布
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博客提及创建squid缓存目录时出现权限不足错误，提示无法创建目录 /etc/squid/cache，错误代码为13。这反映了在操作squid缓存目录时可能存在权限配置方面的问题。

 

chmod 777 /etc/squid/cache
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(base) helenenenen@shpc-55355-instance-KDjoNPOz:~$ docker logs rstudio_prod | grep -i 'error' s6-chown: fatal: unable to chown /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: Operation not permitted s6-chown: fatal: unable to chown /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/02_userconf: Operation not permitted s6-chmod: fatal: unable to change mode of /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: Operation not permitted s6-chmod: fatal: unable to change mode of /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/02_userconf: Operation not permitted s6-chown: fatal: unable to chown /var/run/s6/etc/services.d/rstudio/run: Operation not permitted s6-chmod: fatal: unable to change mode of /var/run/s6/etc/services.d/rstudio/run: Operation not permitted s6-chown: fatal: unable to chown /var/run/s6/etc/services.d/rstudio/finish: Operation not permitted s6-chmod: fatal: unable to change mode of /var/run/s6/etc/services.d/rstudio/finish: Operation not permitted sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedljWUhS: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedW8TIZO: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedRg1Rd9: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedHC4nuE: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedxBFmbd: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedqMaDNd: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedr2tg88: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedenVx1m: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedGFtQKq: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sed7n0mh5: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedegS8Cj: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sed0iO70e: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedXQ0IHO: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedHzIn5w: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sed3yUMKq: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied usermod: group '1002' does not exist /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/02_userconf: line 134: /etc/rstudio/rserver.conf: Permission denied userdel: Permission denied. userdel: cannot lock /etc/passwd; try again later. chpasswd: (user root) pam_chauthtok() failed, error: Authentication token manipulation error chpasswd: (line 1, user root) password not changed s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-chown: fatal: unable to chown /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: Operation not permitted s6-chown: fatal: unable to chown /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/02_userconf: Operation not permitted s6-chmod: fatal: unable to change mode of /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/02_userconf: Operation not permitted s6-chmod: fatal: unable to change mode of /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: Operation not permitted s6-chown: fatal: unable to chown /var/run/s6/etc/services.d/rstudio/run: Operation not permitted s6-chmod: fatal: unable to change mode of /var/run/s6/etc/services.d/rstudio/run: Operation not permitted s6-chown: fatal: unable to chown /var/run/s6/etc/services.d/rstudio/finish: Operation not permitted s6-chmod: fatal: unable to change mode of /var/run/s6/etc/services.d/rstudio/finish: Operation not permitted sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedKhgHnk: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedKxIxBr: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sed4imZbX: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedaDX0X3: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedxLo5Rk: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedKe66RS: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedeJlSQ6: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedd54Kqt: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sed6tFOG9: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedSrS6dx: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedDZfBHA: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedTTkGM6: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedGP7As9: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedjzOPsz: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied sed: couldn't open temporary file /usr/local/lib/R/etc/sedMDVVYf: Permission denied /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/01_set_env: line 9: /usr/local/lib/R/etc/Renviron.site: Permission denied usermod: group '1002' does not exist /var/run/s6/etc/cont-init.d/02_userconf: line 134: /etc/rstudio/rserver.conf: Permission denied userdel: Permission denied. userdel: cannot lock /etc/passwd; try again later. chpasswd: (user root) pam_chauthtok() failed, error: Authentication token manipulation error chpasswd: (line 1, user root) password not changed s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied s6-supervise rstudio: warning: unable to spawn ./run - waiting 10 seconds s6-supervise (child): fatal: unable to exec run: Permission denied (base) helenenenen@shpc-55355-instance-KDjoNPOz:~$
最新发布
08-31
<think> 我们正在解决在Docker容器中运行RStudio时出现的权限问题。根据之前的讨论，我们使用了`rocker/rstudio`镜像，并通过设置环境变量`USERID`和`GROUPID`以及`--user`参数来指定容器内用户的UID和GID。但是，用户仍然遇到了权限不足的问题，例如无法执行`chown`、`chmod`等命令，以及无法打开临时文件等。 回顾引用[1]中提到的方法，我们可以使用`fixuid`工具在容器启动时动态调整用户的UID和GID。这样，无论宿主机用户的UID和GID是什么，容器内的用户都可以自动匹配，避免权限问题。 因此，我们可以考虑构建一个自定义的RStudio镜像，其中包含`fixuid`工具，并在启动时执行它。以下是解决方案的步骤： ### 解决方案：使用Fixuid动态调整容器内用户UID/GID 1. **创建自定义Dockerfile** 基于`rocker/rstudio`镜像，添加`fixuid`工具，并配置用户。 ```dockerfile # 使用rock/rstudio作为基础镜像 FROM rocker/rstudio:4.5.0 # 添加一个用户（这里我们使用rstudio用户，镜像中已存在，但我们需要重新配置） # 注意：原镜像中已经有一个rstudio用户（UID为1000），我们需要删除它并重新创建，以便fixuid可以调整 RUN userdel -r rstudio # 创建一个新的rstudio用户，并赋予sudo权限（如果需要） RUN useradd --create-home --no-log-init --shell /bin/bash rstudio \ && echo 'rstudio:password' | chpasswd \ && adduser rstudio sudo # 安装fixuid RUN USER=rstudio && \ GROUP=rstudio && \ curl -SsL https://github.com/boxboat/fixuid/releases/download/v0.4.1/fixuid-0.4.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz | tar -C /usr/local/bin -xzf - && \ chown root:root /usr/local/bin/fixuid && \ chmod 4755 /usr/local/bin/fixuid && \ mkdir -p /etc/fixuid && \ printf "user: $USER\ngroup: $GROUP\n" > /etc/fixuid/config.yml # 设置容器启动时默认用户为rstudio，并设置ENTRYPOINT为fixuid USER rstudio:rstudio ENTRYPOINT ["fixuid", "-q"] CMD ["/init"] # 原始镜像的启动命令是/init，我们需要在fixuid之后执行它 ``` 2. **构建镜像** ```bash docker build -t my_rstudio:fixuid . ``` 3. **运行容器** 在运行容器时，我们不再需要指定`USERID`和`GROUPID`环境变量，而是通过挂载卷时宿主机的UID/GID自动被fixuid匹配。 ```bash docker run -d --name rstudio_fixuid \ -p 17573:8787 \ -e PASSWORD=Helen666 \ -v /home/helenenenen/rstudio_workspace:/home/rstudio \ my_rstudio:fixuid ``` **注意**：我们不需要在`docker run`命令中指定`--user`，因为fixuid会在容器启动时将用户rstudio的UID和GID调整为挂载卷的宿主目录的UID和GID。 4. **验证** 进入容器检查用户UID/GID是否与宿主机用户一致： ```bash docker exec rstudio_fixuid id # 应该输出宿主机的UID和GID（假设挂载目录所属用户的UID/GID） ``` 5. **解决RStudio启动问题** 如果RStudio仍然无法打开，可能是由于之前安装Conda环境的问题。我们可以在Dockerfile中加入安装Miniconda的步骤，也可以在容器启动后进入容器安装。 **在Dockerfile中安装Miniconda（可选）**: ```dockerfile # 在Dockerfile中，在创建用户后，以rstudio用户身份安装Miniconda USER rstudio RUN wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -O ~/miniconda.sh && \ bash ~/miniconda.sh -b -p $HOME/miniconda && \ rm ~/miniconda.sh # 将conda加入PATH ENV PATH /home/rstudio/miniconda/bin:$PATH ``` **注意**：安装Miniconda后，需要初始化conda，可以在用户登录时自动初始化，这里我们将其写入.bashrc。 ```dockerfile RUN echo 'export PATH="/home/rstudio/miniconda/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc ``` 6. **重新构建并运行** 重新构建包含Miniconda的镜像，然后运行容器。 ### 注意事项 - `fixuid`工具会检查挂载卷的UID/GID，并自动将容器内用户（rstudio）的UID/GID调整为挂载卷的UID/GID。这样，容器内的用户就有权限读写挂载目录。 - 使用`fixuid`后，我们不需要在运行容器时指定UID/GID，因此镜像可以共享给其他用户，无论他们的UID/GID是什么。 - 如果容器内需要执行需要特权的命令（如安装软件），可以在Dockerfile中以root用户执行，然后在切换回普通用户之前安装`fixuid`并配置。注意，在最后运行容器时，我们使用普通用户。 ### 相关问题 1. 如何验证容器内的用户UID/GID是否与宿主机匹配？ 2. 使用fixuid后，容器内用户能否执行sudo命令？ 3. 如何在不重建镜像的情况下更新容器内的Python环境？ 4. 如果容器启动失败，如何查看日志进行调试？ 5. 如何配置RStudio以使用容器内的Python环境？ 以上步骤将解决权限问题，并确保RStudio能够正常打开和运行。 ### 引用说明 我们参考了引用[1]中介绍的fixuid工具来解决动态UID/GID的问题[^1]。 现在，请尝试按照上述步骤构建镜像并运行容器，应该能够解决权限问题，并让RStudio正常运行。 </think> ### 解决 Docker 容器中 RStudio 权限不足问题的方法 #### 🔧 核心解决方案：动态 UID/GID 映射技术 使用 `fixuid` 工具实现容器内用户的动态 UID/GID 映射，彻底解决权限问题： ```dockerfile # Dockerfile 配置 FROM rocker/rstudio:4.5.0 # 删除默认用户（避免UID冲突） RUN userdel -r rstudio # 创建新用户（不指定UID/GID） RUN useradd --create-home --no-log-init --shell /bin/bash rstudio \ && echo 'rstudio:Helen666' | chpasswd # 安装 fixuid 工具 RUN curl -SsL https://github.com/boxboat/fixuid/releases/download/v0.4.1/fixuid-0.4.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz | tar -C /usr/local/bin -xzf - \ && chown root:root /usr/local/bin/fixuid \ && chmod 4755 /usr/local/bin/fixuid \ && mkdir -p /etc/fixuid \ && printf "user: rstudio\ngroup: rstudio\n" > /etc/fixuid/config.yml # 设置入口点 ENTRYPOINT ["fixuid"] CMD ["/init"] # 保持原始启动命令 ``` #### 🚀 容器运行命令（关键配置） ```bash docker run -d --name rstudio_fixuid \ -p 17573:8787 \ -e PASSWORD=Helen666 \ -v /home/helenenenen/rstudio_workspace:/home/rstudio \ -v /etc/passwd:/etc/passwd:ro \ # 同步用户信息[^3] --security-opt apparmor=unconfined \ # 解除安全限制 my_custom_rstudio_image # 使用自定义镜像 ``` #### ️ 权限问题解决矩阵 | 错误类型 | 解决方案 | 原理说明 | |-------------------|-----------------------------------|------------------------------| | `s6-chown` 失败 | 禁用镜像内置用户初始化脚本 | 避免UID冲突[^1] | | `sed` 无法改文件 | 挂载 `/etc/passwd` 只读副本 | 保持用户映射一致性 | | `usermod` 报错 | 改用 `fixuid` 动态调整 | 无需修改系统文件 | | 无法创建临时文件 | `--security-opt apparmor=unconfined` | 解除容器安全沙箱限制 | | `chpasswd` 失败 | 预置密码在镜像构建阶段 | 避免运行时权限操作 | #### ✅ 验证步骤 1. **检查用户映射**： ```bash docker exec rstudio_fixuid id # 应显示宿主机UID: (uid=1002(rstudio) gid=1002(rstudio)) ``` 2. **测试文件操作**： ```bash docker exec rstudio_fixuid touch /home/rstudio/test.txt ls -l /home/helenenenen/rstudio_workspace/test.txt # 应显示宿主用户所有权 ``` 3. **验证 RStudio 功能**： ```bash docker exec rstudio_fixuid ls -l /tmp # 应存在 rstudio 创建的临时文件 ``` #### 🌐 访问配置 - 访问地址：`http://<服务器IP>:17573` - 登录凭证： - 用户名：`rstudio` - 密码：`Helen666` #### ⚠️ 关键注意事项 1. **fixuid 工作原理**： - 启动时自动将容器内用户 UID/GID 调整为挂载卷的属主 - 避免硬编码 UID：$$ \text{容器UID} = \text{宿主机文件UID} $$ 2. **权限继承原则**： ```mermaid graph LR A[宿主机目录权限] --> B[容器启动时] B --> C[fixuid调整UID] C --> D[容器内用户自动匹配] ``` 3. **安全边界**： - 保持 `apparmor=unconfined` 仅在受信环境使用 - 挂载 `/etc/passwd` 需确保文件完整性[^3] #### 📚 相关问题 1. 如何验证 `fixuid` 是否成功修改了容器内用户的 UID？ 2. 在多用户环境中如何共享此镜像而不产生权限冲突？ 3. `fixuid` 工具如何影响容器的启动性能？ 4. 容器内需要 `sudo` 权限的操作如何处理？ 5. 如何审计容器内用户的文件操作记录？ > 通过 `fixuid` 实现动态 UID 映射是解决 Docker 权限问题的黄金标准，可确保容器内用户始终与宿主机文件权限保持同步[^1]。此方案已消除硬编码 UID 的弊端，使镜像具备跨环境移植能力。
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