tomcat运行时的utf-8问题

本文分析了Tomcat启动过程中出现的UTF-8序列异常问题,详细记录了错误堆栈跟踪并探讨了配置文件中中文字符引起的问题。
2008-8-30 13:34:57 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
警告: Catalina.start using conf/server.xml:
com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.io.MalformedByteSequenceException: Invalid byte 1 of 1-byte UTF-8 sequence.
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.io.UTF8Reader.invalidByte(UTF8Reader.java:674)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.io.UTF8Reader.read(UTF8Reader.java:547)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLEntityScanner.load(XMLEntityScanner.java:1742)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLEntityScanner.scanData(XMLEntityScanner.java:1242)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLScanner.scanComment(XMLScanner.java:756)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanComment(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:1034)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:2938)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:645)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:508)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:807)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:737)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:107)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(AbstractSAXParser.java:1205)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(SAXParserImpl.java:522)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.parse(Digester.java:1644)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:516)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:550)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.load(Bootstrap.java:260)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:412)
2008-8-30 13:34:57 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
警告: Catalina.start using conf/server.xml:
com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.io.MalformedByteSequenceException: Invalid byte 1 of 1-byte UTF-8 sequence.
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.io.UTF8Reader.invalidByte(UTF8Reader.java:674)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.io.UTF8Reader.read(UTF8Reader.java:547)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLEntityScanner.load(XMLEntityScanner.java:1742)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLEntityScanner.scanData(XMLEntityScanner.java:1242)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLScanner.scanComment(XMLScanner.java:756)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanComment(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:1034)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:2938)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:645)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:508)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:807)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:737)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:107)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(AbstractSAXParser.java:1205)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(SAXParserImpl.java:522)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.parse(Digester.java:1644)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:516)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:570)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
2008-8-30 13:34:57 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
信息: Server startup in 0 ms
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.await(Catalina.java:642)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:602)
... 6 more


原因:由于你修改的某个配置文件中出现了中文汉字才导致的。
### 如何在 IntelliJ IDEA 中配置 Tomcat 使用 UTF-8 编码 为了确保 Tomcat 在 IntelliJ IDEA 中使用 UTF-8 编码,可以按照以下方法进行配置: #### 修改 `catalina.sh` 或 `catalina.bat` 对于 Linux 和 macOS 用户,编辑位于 `$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh` 文件;对于 Windows 用户,则应修改 `%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat` 文件。在这两个文件的最后一行添加 `-Dfile.encoding=UTF-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8" ``` 此操作会强制 JVM 启动采用指定字符集作为默认编码方式。 #### 配置服务器启动参数 通过 IntelliJ IDEA 的运行/调试配置来调整 Tomcat 启动选项。进入 **Run -> Edit Configurations...**, 选择对应的 Tomcat Server 条目,在 VM options 字段内输入如下内容: ```plaintext -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 ``` 这同样是为了让 Java 虚拟机以 UTF-8 方式处理字符串数据流[^2]。 #### 设置 Web 应用程序响应头 如果应用程序是基于 Servlet 技术构建的, 可考虑在 web.xml 文件中加入全局过滤器定义,用于设置 HTTP 响应头部信息中的 Content-Type 属性值为 text/html;charset=utf-8 : ```xml <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> ``` 上述 XML 片段展示了如何利用 Spring Framework 提供的一个简单实用工具类 CharacterEncodingFilter 实现自动转换请求和响应体到所需编码格式的功能。
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