C++:字符串和字符文本

前言

C++ 支持各种字符串和字符类型，并提供表示每种类型的文本值的方法。 在源代码中，使用字符集表示字符和字符串文本的内容。 通用字符名称和转义字符允许你仅使用基本源字符集表示任何字符串。 原始字符串使你可以避免使用转义字符，可以用于表示所有类型的字符串。 你还可以创建 std::string 文本，而无需执行额外的构造或转换步骤。

#include <string>
using namespace std::string_literals; // enables s-suffix for std::string literals

int main()
{
   
    // Character literals
    auto c0 =   'A'; // char
    auto c1 = u8'A'; // char
    auto c2 =  L'A'; // wchar_t
    auto c3 =  u'A'; // char16_t
    auto c4 =  U'A'; // char32_t

    // Multicharacter literals
    auto m0 = 'abcd'; // int, value 0x61626364

    // String literals
    auto s0 =   "hello"; // const char*
    auto s1 = u8"hello"; // const char*, encoded as UTF-8
    auto s2 =  L"hello"; // const wchar_t*
    auto s3 =  u"hello"; // const char16_t*, encoded as UTF-16
    auto s4 =  U"hello"; // const char32_t*, encoded as UTF-32

    // Raw string literals containing unescaped \ and "
    auto R0 =   R"("Hello \ world")"; // const char*
    auto R1 = u8R"("Hello \ world")"; // const char*, encoded as UTF-8
    auto R2 =  LR"("Hello \ world")"; // const wchar_t*
    auto R3 =  uR"("Hello \ world")"; // const char16_t*, encoded as UTF-16
    auto R4 =  UR"("Hello \ world")"; // const char32_t*, encoded as UTF-32

    // Combining string literals with standard s-suffix
    auto S0 =   "hello"s; // std::string
    auto S1 = u8"hello"s; // std::string
    auto S2 =  L"hello"s; // std::wstring
    auto S3 =  u"hello"s; // std::u16string
    auto S4 =  U"hello"s; // std::u32string

    // Combining raw string literals with standard s-suffix
    auto S5 =   R"("Hello \ world")"s; // std::string from a raw const char*
    auto S6 = u8R"("Hello \ world")"s; // std::string from a raw const char*, encoded as UTF-8
    auto S7 =  LR"("Hello \ world")"s; // std::wstring from a raw const wchar_t*
    auto S8 =  uR"("Hello \ world")"s; // std::u16string from a raw const char16_t*, encoded as UTF-16
    auto S9 =  UR"("Hello \ world")"s; // std::u32string from a raw const char32_t*, encoded as UTF-32
}