Application binary interface

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本文介绍了应用二进制接口(ABI)的概念及其在软件与操作系统交互中的作用。包括了ABI如何规定数据类型大小、对齐方式及函数调用约定等内容，并详细解释了嵌入式应用二进制接口(EABI)的特点及其在不同平台上的应用。

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_binary_interface

In computer software , an application binary interface (ABI ) describes the low-level interface between an application (or any type of) program and the operating system or another application.

Description

ABIs cover details such as data type size and alignment; the calling convention , which controls how functions ' arguments are passed and return values retrieved; the system call numbers and how an application should make system calls to the operating system; and in the case of a complete operating system ABI, the binary format of object files , program libraries and so on. A complete ABI, such as the Intel Binary Compatibility Standard (iBCS),^{[ 1]} allows a program from one operating system supporting that ABI to run without modifications on any other such system, provided that necessary shared libraries are present, and similar prerequisites are fulfilled.

Other ABIs standardize details such as the C++ name decoration ,^{[ 2]}exception propagation,^{[ 3]} and calling convention between compilers on the same platform, but do not require cross-platform compatibility.

An ABI should not be confused with an application programming interface (API) which defines a library of routines to call, data structures to manipulate, and/or object classes to use in the construction of an application using that particular (often language specific) API.

EABI

An embedded-application binary interface (EABI) specifies standard conventions for file formats , data types, register usage, stack frame organization, and function parameter passing of an embedded software program.

Compilers that support the EABI create object code that is compatible with code generated by other such compilers, thus allowing developers to link libraries generated with one compiler with object code generated with a different compiler. Developers writing their own assembly language code may also use the EABI to interface with assembly generated by a compliant compiler.

The main differences of an EABI with respect to an ABI for general purpose operating systems are that privileged instructions are allowed in application code, dynamic linking is not required (sometimes it is completely disallowed), and a more compact stack frame organization to save memory.^{[ 4]}

Widely used EABIs include PowerPC ^{[ 5]} and ARM .^{[ 6]}^{[ 7]}