如何定制虚拟机smbios信息

(文章来自作者维护的社区微信公众号【虚拟化云计算】)
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在某些需要给机器做认证和加密的场景下,会需要读取机器的厂家和主板等信息,这些信息都存放在SMBIOS信息中。在虚拟化场景下可以定制虚拟机的SMBIOS信息。
 
SMBIOS是什么
SMBIOS(System Management BIOS)是由工业化组织DMTF提出的通过系统固件传递管理信息的标准。详见 https://www.dmtf.org/cn/standards/smbios
在SMBIOS标准中规定了若干的Type,每种Type都包含特定信息。例如:
BIOS Information (Type 0)
System Information (Type 1)
Baseboard (or Module) Information (Type 2)
System Enclosure or Chassis (Type 3)
Processor Information (Type 4)
Memory Controller Information (Type 5, Obsolete)
Memory Module Information (Type 6, Obsolete)
OEM Strings (Type 11)
 
在libvirt中可以定制Guest的smbios信息,首先填写smbios的mode,然后定制sysinfo。
 
指定smbios mode
在<os>中指定<smbios mode='sysinfo'/>:
  <os>
    ......
    <smbios mode='sysinfo'/>
  </os>
这里的mode有三种取值:
"emulate": 让qemu自动产生
"host"      :从宿主机上拷贝SMBIOS的 Block 0和Block 1(UUID除外)
"sysinfo"  :(使用sysinfo单元中指定的值)
 
填写sysinfo单元
<sysinfo type='smbios'>
   <bios>
      <entry name='vendor'>myvendor</entry>
    </bios>
    <system>
      <entry name='manufacturer'>manufacturer01</entry>
      <entry name='product'>test</entry>
      <entry name='version'>0.1</entry>
    </system>
    <baseBoard>
      <entry name='manufacturer'>manufacturer02</entry>
      <entry name='product'>0101010101</entry>
      <entry name='version'>0202020202</entry>
      <entry name='serial'>abcdefgh</entry>
    </baseBoard>
  <chassis>
    <entry name='manufacturer'>Dell Inc.</entry>
    <entry name='version'>2.12</entry>
    <entry name='serial'>65X0XF2</entry>
    <entry name='asset'>40000101</entry>
    <entry name='sku'>Type3Sku1</entry>
  </chassis>
  <oemStrings>
    <entry>myappname:some arbitrary data</entry>
    <entry>otherappname:more arbitrary data</entry>
  </oemStrings>
</sysinfo>
其中:
bios:对应SMBIOS标准中的 BIOS Information (Type 0)
system:对应SMBIOS标准中的 System Information (Type 1)
baseBoard:对应SMBIOS标准中的 Baseboard (or Module) Information (Type 2)
chassis:对应SMBIOS标准中的 System Enclosure or Chassis (Type 3)
oemStrings:对应SMBIOS标准中的 OEM Strings (Type 11)
(chassis和oemStrings从libvirt4.1.0开始支持)
 
在虚拟机内部查看
# dmidecode
可以看到在虚拟机中查询到的每一个type和我们在libvirt的domain中定制的完全相同。

 

 


 

 


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System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference 6 Specification 7 Supersedes: 3.1.1 8 Document Class: Normative 9 Document Status: Published 10 Document Language: en-US 11System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference Specification DSP0134 2 Published Version 3.2.0 12 Copyright Notice 13 Copyright © 2000, 2002, 2004–2016 Distributed Management Task Force, Inc. (DMTF). All rights 14 reserved. 15 DMTF is a not-for-profit association of industry members dedicated to promoting enterprise and systems 16 management and interoperability. Members and non-members may reproduce DMTF specifications and 17 documents, provided that correct attribution is given. As DMTF specifications may be revised from time to 18 time, the particular version and release date should always be noted. 19 Implementation of certain elements of this standard or proposed standard may be subject to third party 20 patent rights, including provisional patent rights (herein "patent rights"). DMTF makes no representations 21 to users of the standard as to the existence of such rights, and is not responsible to recognize, disclose, 22 or identify any or all such third party patent right, owners or claimants, nor for any incomplete or 23 inaccurate identification or disclosure of such rights, owners or claimants. DMTF shall have no liability to 24 any party, in any manner or circumstance, under any legal theory whatsoever, for failure to recognize, 25 disclose, or identify any such third party patent rights, or for such party’s reliance on the standard or 26 incorporation thereof in its product, protocols or testing procedures. DMTF shall have no liability to any 27 party implementing such standard, whether such implementation is foreseeable or not, nor to any patent 28 owner or claimant, and shall have no liability or responsibility for costs or losses incurred if a standard is 29 withdrawn or modified after publication, and shall be indemnified and held harmless by any party 30 implementing the standard from any and all claims of infringement by a patent owner for such 31 implementations. 32 For information about patents held by third-parties which have notified the DMTF that, in their opinion, 33 such patent may relate to or impact implementations of DMTF standards, visit 34 http://www.dmtf.org/about/policies/disclosures.php. 35 This document’s normative language is English. Translation into other languages is permitted.DSP0134 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference Specification Version 3.2.0 Published 3 36 CONTENTS 37 Foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 38 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................. 10 39 Document conventions........................................................................................................................ 10 40 Typographical conventions ....................................................................................................... 10 41 Document version number conventions ................................................................................... 10 42 1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................. 13 43 1.1 Supported processor architectures........................................................................................... 13 44 2 Normative references .......................................................................................................................... 13 45 3 Terms and definitions .......................................................................................................................... 15 46 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms.......................................................................................................... 15 47 5 Accessing SMBIOS information .......................................................................................................... 21 48 5.1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 21 49 5.2 Table convention....................................................................................................................... 21 50 5.2.1 SMBIOS 2.1 (32-bit) Entry Point.................................................................................. 22 51 5.2.2 SMBIOS 3.0 (64-bit) Entry Point.................................................................................. 23 52 6 SMBIOS structures.............................................................................................................................. 24 53 6.1 Structure standards................................................................................................................... 24 54 6.1.1 Structure evolution and usage guidelines.................................................................... 25 55 6.1.2 Structure header format............................................................................................... 26 56 6.1.3 Text strings .................................................................................................................. 26 57 6.2 Required structures and data ................................................................................................... 27 58 6.3 SMBIOS fields and CIM MOF properties.................................................................................. 28 59 7 Structure definitions............................................................................................................................. 29 60 7.1 BIOS Information (Type 0)........................................................................................................ 29 61 7.1.1 BIOS Characteristics.................................................................................................... 31 62 7.1.2 BIOS Characteristics Extension Bytes......................................................................... 32 63 7.2 System Information (Type 1) .................................................................................................... 33 64 7.2.1 System — UUID........................................................................................................... 34 65 7.2.2 System — Wake-up Type............................................................................................ 35 66 7.3 Baseboard (or Module) Information (Type 2) ........................................................................... 35 67 7.3.1 Baseboard — feature flags .......................................................................................... 36 68 7.3.2 Baseboard — Board Type ........................................................................................... 37 69 7.4 System Enclosure or Chassis (Type 3) .................................................................................... 37 70 7.4.1 System Enclosure or Chassis Types........................................................................... 39 71 7.4.2 System Enclosure or Chassis States........................................................................... 40 72 7.4.3 System Enclosure or Chassis Security Status ............................................................ 41 73 7.4.4 System Enclosure or Chassis — Contained Elements................................................ 41 74 7.5 Processor Information (Type 4) ................................................................................................ 42 75 7.5.1 Processor Information — Processor Type................................................................... 45 76 7.5.2 Processor Information — Processor Family ................................................................ 46 77 7.5.3 Processor ID field format ............................................................................................. 52 78 7.5.4 Processor Information — Voltage................................................................................ 52 79 7.5.5 Processor Information — Processor Upgrade............................................................. 53 80 7.5.6 Processor Information — Core Count.......................................................................... 55 81 7.5.7 Processor Information — Core Enabled...................................................................... 55 82 7.5.8 Processor Information — Thread Count...................................................................... 56 83 7.5.9 Processor Characteristics............................................................................................ 56 84 7.6 Memory Controller Information (Type 5, Obsolete) .................................................................. 57 85 7.6.1 Memory Controller Error Detecting Method................................................................. 58 86 7.6.2 Memory Controller Error Correcting Capability............................................................ 58 87 7.6.3 Memory Controller Information — Interleave Support................................................. 58System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference Specification DSP0134 4 Published Version 3.2.0 88 7.6.4 Memory Controller Information — Memory Speeds .................................................... 59 89 7.7 Memory Module Information (Type 6, Obsolete) ...................................................................... 59 90 7.7.1 Memory Module Information — Memory Types .......................................................... 60 91 7.7.2 Memory Module Information — Memory Size ............................................................. 60 92 7.7.3 Memory subsystem example ....................................................................................... 61 93 7.8 Cache Information (Type 7) ...................................................................................................... 63 94 7.8.1 Cache Information — Maximum Cache Size and Installed Size ................................. 65 95 7.8.2 Cache Information — SRAM Type .............................................................................. 65 96 7.8.3 Cache Information — Error Correction Type ............................................................... 66 97 7.8.4 Cache Information — System Cache Type ................................................................. 66 98 7.8.5 Cache Information — Associativity.............................................................................. 66 99 7.9 Port Connector Information (Type 8) ........................................................................................ 67 100 7.9.1 Port Information example............................................................................................. 68 101 7.9.2 Port Information — Connector Types .......................................................................... 68 102 7.9.3 Port Types.................................................................................................................... 69 103 7.10 System Slots (Type 9)............................................................................................................... 70 104 7.10.1 System Slots — Slot Type ........................................................................................... 71 105 7.10.2 System Slots — Slot Data Bus Width.......................................................................... 73 106 7.10.3 System Slots — Current Usage................................................................................... 74 107 7.10.4 System Slots — Slot Length ........................................................................................ 74 108 7.10.5 System Slots — Slot ID ............................................................................................... 74 109 7.10.6 Slot Characteristics 1................................................................................................... 75 110 7.10.7 Slot Characteristics 2................................................................................................... 75 111 7.10.8 Segment Group Number, Bus Number, Device/Func
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