8、黑洞优化与散点搜索在约束满足和蛋白质结构预测中的应用

黑洞优化与散点搜索在约束满足和蛋白质结构预测中的应用

1. 黑洞优化算法

黑洞优化算法是一种用于解决约束满足问题（CSP）的启发式优化方法。以下是其具体步骤：

Algorithm 1. Black Hole Optimization
1: Initialize a population of stars with random locations in the search space;
2: while t < T do
3:
    for all xi do
4:
        Evaluate the objective function in fi;
5:
        Select the best star that has the best fitness value as the black hole xBH;
6:
        Change the location of each star according to Eq. 1
7:
        if fi < fBH then
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            Exchange their locations;
9:
        end if
10:
        if R < xi then
11:
            Replace it with a new star in a random location in the search space;
12:
        end if
13:
    end for
14: end while
15: Postprocess results and visualizatio