Writing Network Device Drivers for Linux

本文为Linux内核新手介绍如何编写RealTek8139网络设备驱动程序。假定读者具备C语言及Linux环境的相关知识。文章以RealTek8139网络卡为例,详细阐述了网络设备驱动的编写过程。

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Writing Network Device Drivers for Linux

By Mohan Lal Jangir

Introduction

This article has been written for kernel newcomers interested in learning about network device drivers. It assumes that reader has a significant exposure to C and the Linux environment.

This article is based on a network driver for the RealTek 8139 network card. I chose the RealTek chip for two rea……

### DDR3 Memory Configuration and Drivers for Linux For configuring DDR3 memory within a Linux environment, especially concerning hardware design with FPGA platforms like those from Lattice Semiconductor, certain guidelines must be strictly followed. When dealing with tools such as ispLEVER or Lattice Diamond Place and Route, assigning DDR3 Address or Command output signals to DQS pins results in errors because these operations rely on DDR registers (ODDRXD1 modules), while DQSP and DQSN pins lack support for DDR registers[^1]. Therefore, it is imperative that these outputs are connected only to non-DQS pins. In terms of device drivers under Linux, particularly focusing on Device Drivers configuration which can involve various components including network interfaces, storage controllers, etc., one finds extensive documentation available. However, direct references specifically addressing DDR3 configurations might not appear explicitly unless related directly to SoCs where DDR3 interfaces exist natively. For instance, when configuring the kernel's Kconfig options relevant to specific chipsets or boards supporting DDR3, users should ensure proper settings according to their board’s technical specifications. When working with custom boards featuring DDR3 SDRAM interfaced through an AXI bus, similar principles apply regarding ensuring correct pin assignments and timing parameters during both hardware synthesis stages via tools provided by vendors like Xilinx or Lattice, alongside software-side adjustments made inside the operating system layer. This includes setting up contiguous memory areas using mechanisms like CMA (Contiguous Memory Allocator)[^3], crucial for efficient data transfer between peripherals and main memory without fragmentation issues affecting performance negatively. Moreover, integrating support into bootloaders becomes essential too; modifications may include enabling features necessary for initializing external memories correctly before handing control over to the OS kernel. An example would be updating U-Boot scripts or Makefiles associated with particular architectures to incorporate changes required for optimal operation of DDR3 RAM present on target systems[^4]. Finally, once reaching the stage of writing actual device drivers interacting closely with physical devices managed across buses, developers face challenges verifying whether detected hardware operates properly after matching against registered drivers. Such verification typically involves implementing probe functions responsible for performing initial checks post-match success events triggered internally within subsystems handling registration processes[^5].
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