本文介绍了光学成像中常见的脱焦现象及其对图像清晰度和对比度的影响，并讨论了振幅衬度产生的原因，包括物质厚度和质量的差异如何影响电子显微镜中的图像对比度。
1: defocus (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defocus_aberration)
In optics, defocus is the aberration in which an image is simply out of focus. This aberration is familiar to anyone who has used a camera, videocamera, microscope, telescope, or binoculars. Optically, defocus refers to a translation along the optical axis away from the plane or surface of best focus. In general, defocus reduces the sharpness and contrast of the image. What should be sharp, high-contrast edges in a scene become gradual transitions. Fine detail in the scene is blurred or even becomes invisible. Nearly all image-forming optical devices incorporate some form of focus adjustment to minimize defocus and maximize image quality.
光线透过透镜，没到焦点上汇集，导致图像出现模糊，对比度差的情况。
2. b factor
B-factor in 1/A^2 expressed using the x-ray convention (e^-B/4 s^2 in amplitude space) EMAN1 used E^-B s^2
温度因子？都不知道用来干嘛的。晶体学里头用来描述蛋白的不稳定性，不过这里是用来干嘛呢？不理解，期待高手解释。
3. %AC
float % amplitude contrast (0-100). 振幅衬度。
Amplitude contrast results from variations in mass or thickness or a combination of the two: the thickness variation can produce contrast because the electron interacts with more material (hence, more mass). Alternatively, diffraction can vary locally because the specimen is not a perfect, uniformly thin sheet. (see <Transmission Electron microscopy>)
应该是说由于局部质量或者厚度不均导致的成像光强（透射、散射或者衍射）的变化。
4. 45 mode ang
官网居然连说明都找不到，晕！求补充。
5. quality
自己对当前图画打个分，以后可以根据这个分值筛选图片。
6. A/pixel, Voltage, Cs Box Size见前面的博客。
In optics, defocus is the aberration in which an image is simply out of focus. This aberration is familiar to anyone who has used a camera, videocamera, microscope, telescope, or binoculars. Optically, defocus refers to a translation along the optical axis away from the plane or surface of best focus. In general, defocus reduces the sharpness and contrast of the image. What should be sharp, high-contrast edges in a scene become gradual transitions. Fine detail in the scene is blurred or even becomes invisible. Nearly all image-forming optical devices incorporate some form of focus adjustment to minimize defocus and maximize image quality.
光线透过透镜，没到焦点上汇集，导致图像出现模糊，对比度差的情况。
2. b factor
B-factor in 1/A^2 expressed using the x-ray convention (e^-B/4 s^2 in amplitude space) EMAN1 used E^-B s^2
温度因子？都不知道用来干嘛的。晶体学里头用来描述蛋白的不稳定性，不过这里是用来干嘛呢？不理解，期待高手解释。
3. %AC
float % amplitude contrast (0-100). 振幅衬度。
Amplitude contrast results from variations in mass or thickness or a combination of the two: the thickness variation can produce contrast because the electron interacts with more material (hence, more mass). Alternatively, diffraction can vary locally because the specimen is not a perfect, uniformly thin sheet. (see <Transmission Electron microscopy>)
应该是说由于局部质量或者厚度不均导致的成像光强（透射、散射或者衍射）的变化。
4. 45 mode ang
官网居然连说明都找不到，晕！求补充。
5. quality
自己对当前图画打个分，以后可以根据这个分值筛选图片。
6. A/pixel, Voltage, Cs Box Size见前面的博客。
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