iOS >> POST 上传数据(文件压缩)>>表单上传 (如何设置form格式)

最新推荐文章于 2021-06-19 13:21:59 发布

mingyangz

最新推荐文章于 2021-06-19 13:21:59 发布

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文章标签：数据表单

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/iosYangming/article/details/51518727

版权

本文探讨了iOS开发中POST上传数据的方法，特别是针对本地多文件压缩上传的场景。通过设置不同的表单form格式，如Content-Type，确保数据正确传输。内容包括创建POST请求、设置Content-Type等HTTP基础设置，并提供了完整的调用方法示例。

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POST 上传数据

在开发中我们很多情况下需要用到上传数据,比如传用户的基本信息姓名、性别、账户名、密码这类的我们拼接某种格式的字符串,还有上传多张图片、本地文件.

这样根据需要选择不同的表单form格式. 今天说一下最近用到的本地多文件压缩上传

主要借鉴了大大 a15950711997的博客点击打开链接

POST 的各种设置

1.创建POST请求

    NSURL* url = [NSURL URLWithString:[[netUrl stringByAppendingString: @"/api/data/AddRemote_Data"]stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
    
         NSMutableURLRequest* request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL: url];

2.设置请求的form格式

这里要注意HTTP设置. 例如Content-Type 设置Content-Type是告诉服务器你上传的数据格式,如果不设置默认是application/x-www-form-urlencoded 其他还有multipart/form-data , application/json , text/xml 等等.

        NSString *content=[[NSString alloc]initWithFormat:@"multipart/form-data; boundary=%@",TWITTERFON_FORM_BOUNDARY];
        
        //设置HTTPHeader
        [request setValue:content forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];

上传数据要告诉服务器你是如何分割数据的内容,不然服务器无法判断上传数据的有效性.一般多数第三方都会把这个做好, 这里看一下实现.创建一个分界符将不同的数据隔开,服务器就能根据分界符分割数据

  //分界线 --AaB03x
    NSString *TWITTERFON_FORM_BOUNDARY = @"AaB03x";
    NSString *MPboundary=[[NSString alloc]initWithFormat:@"--%@",TWITTERFON_FORM_BOUNDARY];
    
    //结束符 AaB03x--
    NSString *endMPboundary=[[NSString alloc]initWithFormat:@"%@--",MPboundary];

这里表单中得很多数据拼接在一起都需要分界符把他们隔开

+ (NSMutableString*)setParamsKey:(NSString*)key value:(NSString*)value body:(NSMutableString*)body{
    
    NSString *TWITTERFON_FORM_BOUNDARY = @"AaB03x";
    
    
    //分界线 --AaB03x
    NSString *MPboundary=[[NSString alloc]initWithFormat:@"--%@",TWITTERFON_FORM_BOUNDARY];
    
    //添加分界线，换行

    [body appendFormat:@"%@\r\n",MPboundary];
    
    //添加字段名称，换2行
    
    [body appendFormat:@"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"%@\"\r\n\r\n",key];
    

    //添加字段的值
    
    [body appendFormat:@"%@\r\n",value];
    
    return body;
    
}

上传数据最好加一个数据的长度校验，避免数据漏传

        //设置Content-Length
        [request setValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lu", (unsigned long)[myRequestData length]] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"];

还有要确定服务器有没有做Authorization认证如果做了！客户端HTTP一定要加上Authorization认证否则就传不上去

    NSString *token = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Bearer %@",[BSUserSGton userHandle].user_token];
    [request setValue: token forHTTPHeaderField:@"Authorization"];

如果HTTP做了以上设置之后就可以把拼接的data 设置成httpbody 上传到服务器

        //设置http body
        [request setHTTPBody:myRequestData];

        //http method
        [request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];

HTTP 还有很多其他基础设置有些是默认的就没加，如果具体的应用需要设置请加上。可以谷歌或者百度看一下HTTP的基本字段设置

贴一下完整的调用方法

+(void)ChangePwdWithnetUrl:(NSString*)netUrl upLoadWay:(NSString *)uploadWay userID:(NSString*)userID deviceID:(NSString *)deviceID filenames:(NSArray *)filenames data:(NSData *)fileData method: (RequestType)method finish: (Finish)finish  error: (Error)error{

    NSURL* url = [NSURL URLWithString:[[netUrl stringByAppendingString: @"/api/data/AddRemote_Data"]stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
    
         NSMutableURLRequest* request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL: url];
    
    
    
    
    //分界线 --AaB03x
    NSString *TWITTERFON_FORM_BOUNDARY = @"AaB03x";
    NSString *MPboundary=[[NSString alloc]initWithFormat:@"--%@",TWITTERFON_FORM_BOUNDARY];
    
    //结束符 AaB03x--
    NSString *endMPboundary=[[NSString alloc]initWithFormat:@"%@--",MPboundary];
    

    if (method == POST)
    {

        
//        获取数组里面的所有文件 写进data
//        
//        NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"20160510103203.zip" ofType:nil];
        NSMutableArray *arr = [NSMutableArray array];

//        NSURL *url2 = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:path];
        
//        NSData *filedata = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url2];
     
        //            FMDB 是根据路径操作的 所以先找到路径
        NSString *nameList = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"ECGDatalist.db"];
        
        NSString *path = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES).firstObject stringByAppendingPathComponent:nameList];
        
        //  根据路径去创建一个数据库
        FMDatabase *db = [FMDatabase databaseWithPath:path];
        
        
        if ([db open]) {
            NSLog(@"数据库打开成功");
        }else
        {
            NSLog(@"数据库打开失败");
        }
        
        for (int i = 0; i < filenames.count; i ++) {
            
//            根据fileName 找到数据库里面表的信息
            NSString *BeginDT = @"";
             NSString *EndDT = @"";
            NSString *fileName = filenames[i] ;

            if (fileName.length > 12) {
                fileName = [ fileName substringToIndex:12];
            }
            FMResultSet *rs = [db executeQuery:@"SELECT * FROM APPInformationlist where FileName = ?",fileName];
            while ([rs next]) {
               BeginDT = [rs stringForColumn:@"BeginDT"];
                EndDT  = [rs stringForColumn:@"EndDT"];
                
            }
            if (EndDT == nil || [EndDT isEqualToString:@""]) {
                EndDT = BeginDT;
            }
            NSMutableDictionary *dic = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc]init];
            dic[@"UserID"] = userID;
            dic[@"DeviceID"] = deviceID;
            dic[@"BeginDT"] = BeginDT;
            dic[@"EndDT"] = EndDT;
            dic[@"FileName"] = filenames[i];
            
            NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:dic];
            [arr addObject:dict];
        }
        NSMutableArray *strArray = [NSMutableArray array];
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.count; i++) {
            NSString *str = [self dictionaryToJson:arr[i]];
            [strArray addObject:str];
        }
        NSString* parString = [strArray componentsJoinedByString: @","];
        NSString *listString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"[%@]",parString];

        NSMutableString *mutableString = [[NSMutableString alloc]init];
        
//        第一个参数  userID
        mutableString = [self setParamsKey:@"userID" value:userID body:mutableString];
//        第二个参数
        mutableString = [self setParamsKey:@"desDataJson" value:listString body:mutableString];
//        第三个参数
        mutableString = [self setParamsKey:@"upLoadWay" value:uploadWay body:mutableString];
        
#pragma mark 添加文件流
//        添加分界线，换行
        [mutableString appendFormat:@"%@\r\n",MPboundary];
        //声明文件字段，文件名
        [mutableString appendFormat:@"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"upfile\"; filename=\"%@\"\r\n",@"20160510103203.zip"];
        
        //声明上传文件的格式
        [mutableString appendFormat:@"Content-Type: %@\r\n\r\n",@"application/octet-stream"];

        //声明结束符：--AaB03x--
        NSString *end=[[NSString alloc]initWithFormat:@"\r\n%@",endMPboundary];
        
        //声明myRequestData，用来放入http body
        NSMutableData *myRequestData=[NSMutableData data];
        
        //将body字符串转化为UTF8格式的二进制
        [myRequestData appendData:[mutableString dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
        
        //将file的data加入
        [myRequestData appendData:fileData];
        
        //加入结束符--AaB03x--
        [myRequestData appendData:[end dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
        
#pragma mark  至此 上传的data 完毕
        //设置HTTPHeader中Content-Type的值
        NSString *content=[[NSString alloc]initWithFormat:@"multipart/form-data; boundary=%@",TWITTERFON_FORM_BOUNDARY];
        
        //设置HTTPHeader
        [request setValue:content forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];
        //设置Content-Length
        [request setValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lu", (unsigned long)[myRequestData length]] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"];
        
        //设置http body
        [request setHTTPBody:myRequestData];

        //http method
        [request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];
    }
    NSString *token = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Bearer %@",[BSUserSGton userHandle].user_token];
    [request setValue: token forHTTPHeaderField:@"Authorization"];
    
    [NSURLConnection sendAsynchronousRequest:request queue:[NSOperationQueue currentQueue]   completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse* _Nullable response, NSData* _Nullable data, NSError* _Nullable connectionError) {
        if (nil == connectionError) {// 请求成功后block调用

            finish(data);
        } else {// 请求失败后block调用
            NSLog(@"失败");
            error(connectionError);
        }
    }];
}

拼接data的方法

+ (NSMutableString*)setParamsKey:(NSString*)key value:(NSString*)value body:(NSMutableString*)body{
    
    NSString *TWITTERFON_FORM_BOUNDARY = @"AaB03x";
    
    
    //分界线 --AaB03x
    NSString *MPboundary=[[NSString alloc]initWithFormat:@"--%@",TWITTERFON_FORM_BOUNDARY];
    
    //添加分界线，换行

    [body appendFormat:@"%@\r\n",MPboundary];
    
    //添加字段名称，换2行
    
    [body appendFormat:@"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"%@\"\r\n\r\n",key];
    

    //添加字段的值
    
    [body appendFormat:@"%@\r\n",value];
    
    return body;
    
}