Web初学-2022.11.19-11.25

本文概述了HTML5中的新语义化标签(如header、footer、main等)的使用,以及Flex弹性盒模型、Grid网格布局的原理与实例,展示了如何通过CSS控制元素的布局和样式。还介绍了audio/video标签、CSS3的文本注解与方向、以及元标签和link标签的扩展应用。

第五周笔记(自62开始HTML5)

 51.strong和b、em和i(K112)

  • strong和em都是表示强调的标签,表现形态为文本加粗和斜体。
  • b和i标签同样也表示文本加粗和斜体
  •        形如:
    在这里插入图片描述

    <body>
        <strong>艾雅法拉</strong>
        <b>伊芙利特</b>
        <em>澄净闪耀</em>
        <i>宝贝铃兰</i>
    </body>
    
  • 区别:strong和em是具备语义化的,而b和i是不具备语义化的(b和i只表现形式,无义)
  •     b和i的应用场景:简化选择器操作,在内联中使用

     52.引用标签(K113)

  • blockquote:引用大段的段落解释
  • q:               引用小段落的短语解释
  • abbr:          缩写或首字母缩略词
  • address:    引用文档地址信息
  • cite:           引用著作的标题
  •        示例:
    在这里插入图片描述
           分别对应:1.《出师表》 2.WWF 3.WHO 4.网地邮 5.资治通鉴
           详例:
    在这里插入图片描述

    <p>
            <abbr title="Arknights">罗德岛</abbr>成立于十世纪巴别塔。
        </p>
    

     53.iframe嵌套标签(K114)

      1.iframe元素会创建包含另外一个文档的内联框架(即行内框架)
      2.常见属性:
    在这里插入图片描述
      3.作用:可以引入其他的html到当前的html中显示、主要是利用iframe属性进行样式调节
      4.例用:step1 简单写
    在这里插入图片描述

    <body>
        <iframe src="https://www.taobao.com" frameborder="0"></iframe>
    </body>
    

              step2 尝试属性
    在这里插入图片描述

      <iframe srcdoc="<h1>hello world</h1>" src="https://www.taobao.com" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" width="400"
         height="400"></iframe>
    

           注:1.前方src等级更高 2.src内可使用标签 3.各属性对应变化 4.可设置宽高

              step3 样式使用
    在这里插入图片描述

    <style>
            iframe{ width: 100%;}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <iframe src="https://www.taobao.com" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe>
    </body>
    

           注:可拓展钓鱼网站
      5.应用场景:数据传输、共享代码、局部刷新、第三方介入等…

     54.br与wbr(K115)

  • br标签表示换行操作,而wbr标签表示软换行操作
  •          注:若单词过长,或担心浏览器在错误位置换行,可使用wbr元素添加Word Break Opportunity(单词换行时机)
           原:
    在这里插入图片描述
           br:
    在这里插入图片描述

      <p>
            wdhahdashd ahsdoiahsd ioahiod ha dsadh <br> sh dsh udhushuhudhuhs uh ashj dioasjhiod jaso
        </p>
    

           wbr:
    在这里插入图片描述

     <p>
            wdhahdashd ahsdoiahsd ioahiod ha dsadh  shd haishd ashd iashidhasihdiashdias dsh udhushuhudh<wbr>usuasgdugha<wbr>sudhuhdhhs uh ashj dioasjhiod jaso
        </p>
    

     55.pre与code(K116)

            a.pre元素可定义预格式化的文本。被包围在pre元素中的文本通常会保留空格和换行符。
            b.只应该在表示计算机程序源代码或者其他机器可以阅读的文本内容上使用code标签。虽然code标签通常只是把文字变成等宽字体,但它暗示着这段文字是源程序代码。
            c.针对网页中程序代码的显示效果
           例:step1 常规替换&lt;&gt;
    在这里插入图片描述

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <title>Document</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <pre>
            <code>
                &lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
                &lt;html lang="en"&gt;
                &lt;head&gt;
                &lt;meta charset="UTF-8"&gt;
                &lt;meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"&gt;
                    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
                    <title>Document</title>
                </head>
                <body>
                    hello world
                </body>
                </html>
            </code>
        </pre>
    </body>
    </html>
    

           step2 运用程序代码转译(Markdown语法+md尾缀软件)

     56.map与area(K117)

            a.定义一个客户端图像映射。图像映射(image-map)指带有可点击区域的一幅图像。area元素永远嵌套在map元素内部。area元素可定义图像映射中的区域。
            b.area元素的href属性定义区域的URL,shape属性来定义区域的形状,coords属性定义热区的坐标。
            c.给特殊图形添加链接,area能添加的热区的形状:矩形(rect)、圆形(circ)、多边形(poly
           例:
    在这里插入图片描述

    在这里插入图片描述

     <img src="D:\XY\音律1.png" alt="" usemap="#star">
        <map name="star">
            <area shape="rect" coords="557 280 636 367" href="https://ak.hypergryph.com/" alt="">
        </map>
    

     57.embed与object(K118)

            a.embed和object都表示能够嵌入一些多媒体,如flash动画、插件等。基本使用没有太大区别,主要是为了兼容不同的浏览器
            b.object元素需要配合param元素一起完成

     1.<embed src="地址" type="">
           2. <object data="" type="">
                <param name="" value="地址">
            </object>
    

     58.audio与video(K119)

            a.audio标签表示嵌入音频文件,video标签表示嵌入视频文件。默认控件是不显示的,可通过controls属性来显示控件
            b.为了能够支持多个设备的兼容支持,可以配合source标签
            c.引入音频与视频的标签,属于H5功能
      1.一般使用:

    <audio src="地址.mp3" controls loop autplay></audio><!--controls显示 loop循环 autplay自动播放-->
        <video src="地址.mp4" controls></video>
    

      2.source:备选,无一则二,逐下至成

     <video>
            <source src="地址.ogv">
            <source src="地址.mp4">
        </video>
    

     59.文字注解与文字方向(K120)

            a.ruby标签定义ruby注释(中文注音或字符),rt标签定义字符(中文注音或字符)的解释或发音
    在这里插入图片描述

      <ruby><rt>hán</rt>
        </ruby>
    

            b.bdo标签可覆盖默认的文本方向(ltr正向 rtl逆向)
    在这里插入图片描述

     <p>
            <bdo dir="rtl">铃兰小姐</bdo>永远的光
         </p>
    

           css样式使用:
    在这里插入图片描述

      <style>
            span{ direction: rtl; unicode-bidi:bidi-override;}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
         <bdo dir=""></bdo>
         <p>
            <bdo dir="rtl">铃兰小姐</bdo>永远的光
         </p>
         <p>
            <span>铃兰小姐</span>永远的光
         </p>
    

     60.扩展link标签(K121)

  • < link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="theme.css">
  • < link rel="icon" type="/image/x-icon" href="http://www.mobiletrain.org/favicon.ico">
  •        icon:地址栏中引入一个小图标
    在这里插入图片描述       例题:
    在这里插入图片描述

    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <title>Document</title>
        <link rel="icon" type="/image/x-icon" href="http://www.mobiletrain.org/favicon.ico">
    
  • < link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//static.360buyimg.com">
  •       dns解析,更加快捷

     61.扩展meta标签(K122)

            a.meta添加一些辅助信息
    在这里插入图片描述
      1.name属性里对应一些功能
          1)description:描述网页主要做什么(传输给计算机,利于搜索引擎优化 )
          形如

    <meta name="description" content="XXXXX">
    

          2)renderer:浏览器内核(设定主浏览器、备用浏览器)
      2.http-equiv可设置一些功能

    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    

          主要针对IE浏览器,让IE使用更高版本进行渲染
          1)refresh:刷新

    <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="3" url="">
    

          表述:3秒后刷新,跳转某个界面(URL内容) 无URL可做刷新手法
          2)expires:缓存

    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="Web, 20 Jun 2019 22:33:00 GMT">
    

          若该时间已过,则再去服务器获取最新资源

     62.HTML5新语义化标签(div替代)(K123-K125 )

      1.主体
          1)header:页眉
    在这里插入图片描述

          2)footer:页脚
    在这里插入图片描述

          3)main:  主体
    在这里插入图片描述

          4)hgroup:标题组合
    在这里插入图片描述

          5)nav:   导航
    在这里插入图片描述
           形如:

    <body>
        <header>
            <hgroup>
                <h1>主标题</h1>
                <h2>副标题</h2>
            </hgroup>
            <nav>
                <ul>
                    <li>首页</li>
                    <li>论坛</li>
                    <li>关于</li>
                </ul>
            </nav>
        </header>
        <main></main>
        <footer></footer>
    </body>
    

           注:header、footer、main在一个网页中只能出现一次
      2.main中的…
          1)article:独立内容
    在这里插入图片描述
          …
          2)aside:  辅助信息内容
    在这里插入图片描述

          3)section:区域
    在这里插入图片描述

           注:article与section的区别:article更多表示独立,section注重区域
          4)figure: 描述图像或视频
          5)figcaption:描述图像或视频的标题部分
    在这里插入图片描述
           形如:

    <main>
            <article>
                 <section>
                    <ul>
                        <li>
                            <figure>
                                <img src="" alt="">
                                <figcaption>
                                    纳尼(ÒωÓױ)!纳尼
                                    <br>
                                    QAQ QAQ<!--小标题-->
                                </figcaption>
                            </figure>
                        </li>
                    </ul>
                 </section>
                 <section>
                    <ul>
                        <li>
                            <figure>
                                <img src="" alt="">
                                <figcaption>
                                    纳尼(ÒωÓױ)!纳尼
                                    <br>
                                    QAQ QAQ<!--小标题-->
                                </figcaption>
                            </figure>
                        </li>
                    </ul>
                 </section>
                 <section>
                    <ul>
                        <li>
                            <figure>
                                <img src="" alt="">
                                <figcaption>
                                    纳尼(ÒωÓױ)!纳尼
                                    <br>
                                    QAQ QAQ<!--小标题-->
                                </figcaption>
                            </figure>
                        </li>
                    </ul>
                 </section>
            </article>
            <aside>
    
            </aside>
        </main>
    

      3.main中的… …
          1)datalist:选项列表
    在这里插入图片描述

                 <section>
                    <input type="text" list="elems">
                    <datalist id="elems">
                        <option value="!"></option>
                        <option value="?"></option>
                        <option value="/"></option>
                        <option value="+"></option>
                    </datalist>
                 </section>
    

          2)details/summary:文档细节/文档标题
    在这里插入图片描述

     <details>
                    <summary>HTML</summary>
                    <P>超文本标记语言</P>
                 </details>
    

          3)progress/meter:定义进度条/定义度量范围(前进度,后完成度)
    在这里插入图片描述

                 <section>
      <progress min="0" max="10" value="5"></progress>
                 </section>
    

    在这里插入图片描述

                <section>
       <meter min="0" max="100" value="35"></meter>
                 </section>
    

           注:meter设置low与high属性,value所处值域影响显示结果(在绿否红)
          4)time:定义日期或时间
           注:< p>中使用,无大意,设置title属性设定时间
          5)mark:带有记号的文本
           注:标记,变黄(经常用啊哈哈)

     63.(K184-K190 HTML+CSS系列教程③之风生水起)

      1.Flex弹性盒模型
           背景:随着移动互联网的发展,对于网页布局来说要求越来越高,而传统的布局方案对于实现特殊布局非常不方便,比如垂直居中。 2009年,W3C提出了一种新的方案——Flex布局,可以简便、完整、响应式地实现各种页面布局。目前,它已经得到了所有浏览器的支持,这意味着,现在就能很安全地使用这项功能。
      2.属性:
              step1 原样
    在这里插入图片描述
      3.实例
    在这里插入图片描述

     <style>
            #parent{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto;}
            #box{ width: 100px; height: 100px; background: red; margin: auto;}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id="parent">
            <div id="box"></div>
        </div>
    </body>
    

              step2 添加flex
    在这里插入图片描述

        #parent{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;}
    

      4.父元素属性详细(K184-K186)
          1)flex-direction
            用来控制子项整体布局方向,是从左往右还是右往左,上往下还是下往上
    在这里插入图片描述
           原
    在这里插入图片描述

       #box{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;}
            #box div{ width: 50px; height: 50px; color: white; line-height: 50px; text-align: center; background: red;}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id="box">
            <div>1</div>
            <div>2</div>
            <div>3</div>
        </div>
    

           row-reverse
    在这里插入图片描述

      #box{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;flex-direction: row-reverse;}
    

           column
    在这里插入图片描述

      #box{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;flex-direction: column;}
    

           column-reverse
    在这里插入图片描述

           #box{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;flex-direction: column-reverse;}
    

          2)flex-wrap
            用来控制子项整体单行显示好事换行显示
    在这里插入图片描述
           某例:实践得块不满容器,文本在容器内堆叠,块超容器,块堆叠,文本超出容器范围
    在这里插入图片描述

     #box div{ width: 50px; height: 50px; color: white; line-height: 50px; text-align: center; background: red;}
            #box2{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;}
            #box2 div{ width: 50px; height: 50px; color: white; line-height: 50px; text-align: center; background: red;}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id="box2">
            <div>1222222222</div>
            <div>2222222222</div>
            <div>3222222222</div>
            <div>1222222222</div>
            <div>2222222222</div>
            <div>3222222222</div>
            <div>2222222222</div>
            <div>3222222222</div>
        </div>
    

            wrap换行
    在这里插入图片描述

            #box2{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;flex-wrap: wrap;}
    

          3)flex-flow
            flex-flow属性是flex-direction和flex-wrap的缩写,表示flex布局和flow流动特性。 第一个值表示方向,第二个值表示换行,中间用空格隔开
    在这里插入图片描述

         #box2{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;flex-flow: column wrap;}
    

          4)justify-content
            justify-content属性决定了主轴方向上子项的对齐方式和分布方式
            (主轴:之前设定的方向)
    在这里插入图片描述

           step 原初
    在这里插入图片描述

     #box3{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;}
            #box3 div{ width: 50px; height: 50px; color: white; line-height: 50px; text-align: center; background: red;}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id="box3">
            <div>1</div>
            <div>2</div>
            <div>3</div>
            <div>4</div>
        </div>
    

           step flex-end(start为行首开始,end为行尾开始)
    在这里插入图片描述

         #box3{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;}
    

           step center居中
    在这里插入图片描述

         #box3{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;justify-content: center;}
    

           step space-between(空间最大化分隔)
    在这里插入图片描述

            #box3{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;justify-content: space-between;}
    

           step space-around环绕
    在这里插入图片描述

        #box3{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;justify-content: space-around;}
    

           step space-evenly均匀分隔
    在这里插入图片描述

      #box3{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;justify-content: space-evenly;}
    

          5)align-items 一行中子项
            align-items中的items指的就是flex子项们。因此align-items指的就是flex子项们相对于flex容器在侧轴方向上的对齐方式
    在这里插入图片描述
           step 原初
    在这里插入图片描述

       #box4{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;}
            #box4 div{ width: 50px; height: 50px;background: red;}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id="box4">
            <div>塞雷娅</div>
            <div>塞雷娅大猫猫</div>
            <div>塞雷娅大猫猫水泡温蒂</div>
            <div>塞雷娅</div>
        </div>
    

           step 去高(结论:不适应文本)
    在这里插入图片描述

            #box4 div{ width: 50px; background: red;}
    

           step 均匀分隔
    在这里插入图片描述

         #box4{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;justify-content: space-evenly;}
    

           step align-items:flex-start
    在这里插入图片描述

        #box4{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;justify-content: space-evenly;
                   align-items: flex-start;}
    

           step align-items:center
    在这里插入图片描述

       #box4{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;justify-content: space-evenly;
                   align-items: center;}
    

          6)align-content 多行排列方式
            align-content可以看成和justify-content是相似且对立的属性,如果所有flex子项只有一行,则align-content属性是没有任何效果的
    在这里插入图片描述
      5.作用在flex子项上的CSS属性(K187-K190)
    在这里插入图片描述
           step 原初
    在这里插入图片描述

     <style>
            #box{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;}
            #box div{ width: 50px; height: 50px; color: white; line-height: 50px; text-align: center; background: red;}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id="box">
            <div>1</div>
            <div>2</div>
            <div>3</div>
            <div>4</div>
            <div>5</div>
        </div>
    </body>
    

          1)order(默认值0)
    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述

         #box div{ width: 50px; height: 50px; color: white; line-height: 50px; text-align: center; background: red;}
            #box div:/*注意此处无空格*/nth-child(2)/*子项选定*/{ order:1;}
    
      #box div{ width: 50px; height: 50px; color: white; line-height: 50px; text-align: center; background: red;}
            #box div:/*注意此处无空格*/nth-child(2)/*子项选定*/{ order:1;}
            #box div:nth-child(3){ order: -1;}
    

          2)flex-grow(默认值0)
    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述

      #box div:nth-child(2){ background: yellow; color: black; flex-grow: 1;}
    
         #box div:nth-child(2){ background: yellow; color: black; flex-grow: 0.5;}
    

          3)flex-shrink(默认值1)
           step 原初
    在这里插入图片描述

     #box2{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;}
            #box2 div{ width: 50px; height: 50px; color: white; line-height: 50px; text-align: center; background: red;}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id="box2">
            <div>1</div>
            <div>2</div>
            <div>3</div>
            <div>4</div>
            <div>5</div>
            <div>1</div>
            <div>2</div>
            <div>3</div>
        </div>
    

           step 改造颜色
    在这里插入图片描述

       #box2 div{ width: 50px; height: 50px; color: white; line-height: 50px; text-align: center; background: red;}
            #box2 div:nth-child(2){ background: yellow; color: black;}
    

           step flex-shrink:0
    在这里插入图片描述

     #box2 div:nth-child(2){ background: yellow; color: black; flex-shrink: 0;}
    

          4)注:flex-basis优先级高于width
          5)flex:为grow、shrink、basis统合缩写(flex优先级高于flex-grow)
    在这里插入图片描述

        #box2 div:nth-child(2){ background: yellow; color: black;  flex:0 1 auto}
    

          6)align-self
    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述

          #box2 div:nth-child(2){ background: yellow; color: black; /* flex:0 1 auto*/}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id="box2">
            <div>1</div>
            <div>艾雅法拉</div>
    
          #box2 div:nth-child(2){ background: yellow; color: black; /* flex:0 1 auto*/}
            #box2 div:nth-child(1){ align-self: center;}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id="box2">
            <div>1</div>
            <div>艾雅法拉</div>
    
          #box2 div:nth-child(2){ background: yellow; color: black; /* flex:0 1 auto*/}
            #box2 div:nth-child(1){ align-self: flex-end;}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id="box2">
            <div>1</div>
            <div>艾雅法拉</div>
    

           step 全居中(去高)
    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述

      #box2{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex;}
            #box2 div{ width: 50px; color: white; line-height: 50px; text-align: center; background: red;}
            #box2 div:nth-child(2){ background: yellow; color: black; align-self: center;/* flex:0 1 auto*/}
            #box2 div:nth-child(1){ align-self: flex-end;}
    
     #box2{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px black solid; margin: 20px auto; display: flex; align-items: center;}
            #box2 div{ width: 50px; color: white; line-height: 50px; text-align: center; background: red;}
            #box2 div:nth-child(2){ background: yellow; color: black; align-self: center;/* flex:0 1 auto*/}
            #box2 div:nth-child(1){ align-self: center;}
    

      6.Flex案例
          1)骰子
    在这里插入图片描述

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <title>Document</title>
        <style>
            #box1{ width: 100px; height: 100px; border: 1px black solid; border-radius: 5px; display: flex;
                   justify-content: center; align-items: center;}
            #box1 div{ width: 30%; height: 30%; background: black;border-radius: 50%;}
            
            #box2{ width: 100px; height: 100px; border: 1px black solid; border-radius: 5px; display: flex;
                justify-content: space-between;}
            #box2 div{ width: 30%; height: 30%; background: black;border-radius: 50%;}
            #box2 div:last-child{ align-self: flex-end;}
    
            #box3{ width: 100px; height: 100px; border: 1px black solid; border-radius: 5px; display: flex;
                justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;}
            #box3 div{ width: 30%; height: 30%; background: black;border-radius: 50%;}
            #box3 div:first-child{ align-self: flex-start;}
            #box3 div:last-child{ align-self: flex-end;}
    
            #box4{ width: 100px; height: 100px; border: 1px black solid; border-radius: 5px; display: flex;
                   flex-wrap: wrap;}
            #box4 div{ width: 100%; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;}
            #box4 div:last-child{ align-items: flex-end;}
            #box4 i{ display: block; width: 30%; height: 60%; background: black;border-radius: 50%;}
    
            #box5{ width: 100px; height: 100px; border: 1px black solid; border-radius: 5px; display: flex;
                flex-wrap: wrap;}
            #box5 div{ width: 100%; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center;}
            #box5 div:first-child{ align-items: flex-start; justify-content: space-between;}
            #box5 div:last-child{ align-items: flex-end; justify-content: space-between;}
            #box5 i{ display: block; width: 30%; height: 90%; background: black;border-radius: 50%;}
    
            
            #box6{ width: 100px; height: 100px; border: 1px black solid; border-radius: 5px; display: flex;
                flex-wrap: wrap;}
            #box6 div{ width: 100%; display: flex; justify-content: center;justify-content: space-between;}
            #box6 div:first-child{ align-items: flex-start;}
            #box6 div:last-child{ align-items: flex-end;}
            #box6 i{ display: block; width: 30%; height: 90%; background: black;border-radius: 50%;}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id="box1">
            <div></div>
        </div>
        <div id="box2">
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
        </div>
        <div id="box3">
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
        </div>
        <div id="box4">
            <div>
            <i></i>
            <i></i>
            </div>
            <div>
            <i></i>
            <i></i>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div id="box5">
            <div>
            <i></i>
            <i></i>
            </div>
            <div>
            <i></i>
            </div>
            <div>
            <i></i>
            <i></i>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div id="box6">
            <div>
            <i></i>
            <i></i>
            </div>
            <div>
            <i></i>
            <i></i>
            </div>
            <div>
            <i></i>
            <i></i>
            </div>
        </div>
    </body>
    </html>
    

          2)自适应
    在这里插入图片描述

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <title>Document</title>
        <style>
            *{ margin: 0; padding: 0;}
            #main{ display: flex;}
            #left{ width: 200px; height: 200px; background: red;}
            #center{ flex: 1; height: 300px; background: yellow;}
            #right{ width: 150px; height: 200px; background: blue;}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id="main">
            <div id="left"></div>
            <div id="center"></div>
            <div id="right"></div>
        </div>
    </body>
    </html>
    

     64.Grid网格布局(K191-K193)

      Grid布局是一个二维的布局方法,纵横两个方向总是同时存在
    在这里插入图片描述
      1.grid-template-columns和grid-template-rows
       对网格进行横纵划分,形成二维布局。单位可以是像素,百分比,自适应以及fr单位(网格剩余空间比例单位)
       有时候,我们网格的划分是很规律的,如果需要添加多个横纵网格时,可以利用repeat()语法进行简化操作
          1)初设置
    在这里插入图片描述

     <style>
            .box{ width: 500px; height: 500px; border: 1px gray dotted; display: grid;
                  grid-template-rows: 100px auto 25%;
                  grid-template-columns: 100px 100px 200px 100px; }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="box">
            <div>1</div>
            <div>2</div>
            <div>3</div>
            <div>4</div>
            <div>5</div>
            <div>6</div>
            <div>7</div>
            <div>8</div>
            <div>9</div>
            <div>10</div>
            <div>11</div>
            <div>12</div>
        </div>
    </body>
    

          2)fr(剩余空间比例适应)
    在这里插入图片描述

    <style>
            .box{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px gray dotted; display: grid;
                  grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
                  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="box">
            <div>1</div>
            <div>2</div>
            <div>3</div>
            <div>4</div>
            <div>5</div>
            <div>6</div>
            <div>7</div>
            <div>8</div>
            <div>9</div>
        </div>
    

          3)repeat缩写
    在这里插入图片描述

      .box{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px gray dotted; display: grid;
                  grid-template-rows: repeat(3,1fr);
                  grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr);}
    

      2.grid-template-areas和grid-template
       area:区域,grid-template-areas即划分网格区域的,此时grid子项只要使用grid-area属性指定其隶属那个区
       grid-template是grid-template-rows,grid-template-columns和grid-template-areas属性的缩写
          1)原初
    在这里插入图片描述

      .box2{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px gray dotted; display: grid;
                  grid-template-rows: repeat(3,1fr);
                  grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr);}
            .box2 div{ background: red; border: 1px black solid}
                    
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="box2">
            <div>1</div>
            <div>2</div>
            <div>3</div>
            <div>4</div>
            <div>5</div>
            <div>6</div>
            <div>7</div>
            <div>8</div>
            <div>9</div>
        </div>
    

          2)grid-template-area(注意ax的排布,写法是否准确)
    在这里插入图片描述

           grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr);}*/
            .box2{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px gray dotted; display: grid;
                  grid-template-rows: repeat(3,1fr);
                  grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr);
                  grid-template-areas:
                  "a1 a1 a1"
                  "a2 a2 a3"
                  "a2 a2 a3";}
            .box2 div{ background: red; border: 1px black solid}
            .box2 div:nth-child(1){ grid-area: a1;}
            .box2 div:nth-child(2){ grid-area: a2;}
            .box2 div:nth-child(3){ grid-area: a3;}
                    
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="box2">
            <div>1</div>
            <div>2</div>
            <div>3</div>
        </div>
    

          3)复合写法

      .box2{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px gray dotted; display: grid;
                  /*grid-template-rows: repeat(3,1fr);
                  grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr);
                  grid-template:
                  "a1 a1 a1" 1fr
                  "a2 a2 a3" 1fr
                  "a2 a2 a3";
                  /1fr 1fr 1fr;}
    

      3.grid-column-gap和grid-row-gap
       grid-column-gap和grid-row-gap属性用来定义网格中网格间隙的尺寸
       CSS grid-gap属性是grid-column-gap和grid-row-gap属性的缩写
          1) grid-column-gap列间隙
    在这里插入图片描述

    .box2{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px gray dotted; display: grid;
                  grid-template:
                  "a1 a1 a1" 1fr
                  "a2 a2 a3" 1fr
                  "a2 a2 a3";
                  /1fr 1fr 1fr;
                  grid-column-gap:10px;}
    

          2) grid-row-gap行间隙
    在这里插入图片描述

      .box2{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px gray dotted; display: grid;
                  grid-template:
                  "a1 a1 a1" 1fr
                  "a2 a2 a3" 1fr
                  "a2 a2 a3";
                  /1fr 1fr 1fr;
                  grid-column-gap:10px;
                  grid-row-gap:20px;}
    

          3)复合写法
    在这里插入图片描述

     .box2{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px gray dotted; display: grid;
                  grid-template:
                  "a1 a1 a1" 1fr
                  "a2 a2 a3" 1fr
                  "a2 a2 a3";
                  /1fr 1fr 1fr;
                  grid-gap:20px;}
    

      4.justify-items和align-items
       justify-items指定了网格元素的水平呈现方式,是水平拉伸显示,还是左中右对齐。align-items指定了网格元素的垂直呈现方式,是垂直拉伸显示,还是上中下对齐
       place-items可以让align-items和justify-items属性写在单个声明中
    在这里插入图片描述
          1)justify-items:start/end/center(列)
    在这里插入图片描述

      .box3{width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px gray dotted; display: grid;
                grid-template-rows: repeat(3,1fr);
                grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr);
                justify-items: start;}
    

          2)align-items:start/end/center
    在这里插入图片描述

     .box3{width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px gray dotted; display: grid;
                grid-template-rows: repeat(3,1fr);
                grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr);
                justify-items: start;
                align-items: end;}
    

          3)place-items
    在这里插入图片描述

       .box3{width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px gray dotted; display: grid;
                grid-template-rows: repeat(3,1fr);
                grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr);
                place-items: start start;}
    

      5.justify-content和align-content
       justify-content指定了网格元素的水平分布方式,align-content指定了网格元素的水平分布方式。place-content可以让align-content和justify-content属性写在一个CSS声明中
    在这里插入图片描述
          1)原初
    在这里插入图片描述

     .box3{width: 500px; height: 500px; border: 1px gray dotted; display: grid;
                grid-template-rows: repeat(3,100px);
                grid-template-columns: repeat(3,100px);}
                /*place-items: start start;}*/
            .box3 div{ background: red; border: 1px black solid}        
    

          2)列变
    在这里插入图片描述

      .box3{width: 500px; height: 500px; border: 1px gray dotted; display: grid;
                grid-template-rows: repeat(3,auto);
                grid-template-columns: repeat(3,auto);
            justify-content: start;}
    

          3)弹性变换
    在这里插入图片描述

      .box3{width: 500px; height: 500px; border: 1px gray dotted; display: grid;
                grid-template-rows: repeat(3,auto);
                grid-template-columns: repeat(3,auto);
            justify-content: space-evenly;}
    

           注:content:所有网格,items:每一个网格内元素对于网格
          4)复写
    在这里插入图片描述

    .box3{width: 500px; height: 500px; border: 1px gray dotted; display: grid;
                grid-template-rows: repeat(3,auto);
                grid-template-columns: repeat(3,auto);
                place-content: space-between space-between;}
    

     65.作用在grid子项上的CSS属性(K194-K197)

    在这里插入图片描述
      1.grid-c/r-s/e
          1)初试
    在这里插入图片描述

     <style>
            .box{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px gray dotted; display: grid;
                grid-template-rows: repeat(3,1fr);
                grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr);}
            .box div{ background: red; border: 1px black solid;}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="box">
            <div></div>
        </div>
    

          2)初调
    在这里插入图片描述

       .box div{ background: red; border: 1px black solid;
                      grid-column-start: 2;
                      grid-column-end: 3;
                      grid-row-start: 2;
                      grid-row-end: 3;}
    

          2)初调pro
    在这里插入图片描述

    .box div{ background: red; border: 1px black solid;
                      grid-column-start: 2;
                      grid-column-end: 3;
                      grid-row-start: 2;
                      grid-row-end: 4;}
    

          3)初调plus(span:结束位置。上为个数)
    在这里插入图片描述

      .box div{ background: red; border: 1px black solid;
                      grid-column-start: 2;
                      grid-column-end: 3;
                      grid-row-start: 2;
                      grid-row-end: span 2;}
    

          4)复写

     .box div{ background: red; border: 1px black solid;
                      /*grid-column-start: 2;
                      grid-column-end: 3;
                      grid-row-start: 2;
                      grid-row-end: span 2;*/
                      grid-column: 2 / 3;
                      grid-row: 2 / span 2;}
    

      2.grid-area
    在这里插入图片描述

     .box div{ background: red; border: 1px black solid;
                      grid-area: 3 / 2 / 4 / 4;}/*横向起始,纵向起始,横向结束,纵向结束*/
    

      3.place-self
    在这里插入图片描述

    .box2{ width: 300px; height: 300px; border: 1px gray dotted; display: grid;
                        grid-template-rows: repeat(3,1fr);
                        grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr);}
            .box2 div{ background: red; border: 1px black solid;}
            .box2 div:nth-child(2){ place-self: end start;}
    

      4.Grid案例
          1)骰子的点数
    在这里插入图片描述

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <title>Document</title>
        <style>
            .box{ width: 100px; height: 100px; border: 1px black solid; border-radius: 5px;
                  display: grid;
                  grid-template-columns: repeat(3 , 1fr);
                  grid-template-rows: repeat(3 , 1fr);
                  place-items: center center;}
            .box div{ width: 20px; height: 20px; background: black; border-radius: 50%;}
            .box div:nth-child(1){ grid-area: 2 / 2 / 3 / 3;}
    
            .box2{ width: 100px; height: 100px; border: 1px black solid; border-radius: 5px;
                display: grid;
                grid-template-columns: repeat(3 , 1fr);
                grid-template-rows: repeat(3 , 1fr);
                place-items: center center;}
           .box2 div{ width: 20px; height: 20px; background: black; border-radius: 50%;}
           .box2 div:nth-child(2){ grid-area: 3 / 3 / 4 / 4;}
    
           .box3{ width: 100px; height: 100px; border: 1px black solid; border-radius: 5px;
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: repeat(3 , 1fr);
            grid-template-rows: repeat(3 , 1fr);
            place-items: center center;
            grid-template-areas:
            "a1 a2 a3"
            "a4 a5 a6"
            "a7 a8 a9";}
            .box3 div{ width: 20px; height: 20px; background: black; border-radius: 50%;}
            .box3 div:nth-child(2){ grid-area: a5;}
            .box3 div:nth-child(3){ grid-area: a9;}
    
            .box4{ width: 100px; height: 100px; border: 1px black solid; border-radius: 5px;
                display: grid;
                grid-template-columns: repeat(3 , 1fr);
                grid-template-rows: repeat(3 , 1fr);
                place-items: center center;
                grid-template-areas:
                "a1 a2 a3"
                "a4 a5 a6"
                "a7 a8 a9";}
                .box4 div{ width: 20px; height: 20px; background: black; border-radius: 50%;}
                .box4 div:nth-child(2){ grid-area: a3;}
                .box4 div:nth-child(3){ grid-area: a7;}
                .box4 div:nth-child(4){ grid-area: a9;}
    
                .box5{ width: 100px; height: 100px; border: 1px black solid; border-radius: 5px;
                    display: grid;
                    grid-template-columns: repeat(3 , 1fr);
                    grid-template-rows: repeat(3 , 1fr);
                    place-items: center center;
                    grid-template-areas:
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                    "a4 a5 a6"
                    "a7 a8 a9";}
                    .box5 div{ width: 20px; height: 20px; background: black; border-radius: 50%;}
                    .box5 div:nth-child(2){ grid-area: a3;}
                    .box5 div:nth-child(3){ grid-area: a7;}
                    .box5 div:nth-child(4){ grid-area: a9;}
                    .box5 div:nth-child(5){ grid-area: a5;}
    
                    .box6{ width: 100px; height: 100px; border: 1px black solid; border-radius: 5px;
                        display: grid;
                        grid-template-columns: repeat(3 , 1fr);
                        grid-template-rows: repeat(3 , 1fr);
                        place-items: center center;
                        grid-template-areas:
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                        "a7 a8 a9";}
                        .box6 div{ width: 20px; height: 20px; background: black; border-radius: 50%;}
                        .box6 div:nth-child(2){ grid-area: a3;}
                        .box6 div:nth-child(3){ grid-area: a7;}
                        .box6 div:nth-child(4){ grid-area: a9;}
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                        .box6 div:nth-child(6){ grid-area: a6;}
    
    
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="box">
            <div></div>
        </div>
        <div class="box2">
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
        </div>
        <div class="box3">
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            <div></div>
            <div></div>
        </div>
        <div class="box4">
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
        </div>
        <div class="box5">
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
        </div>
        <div class="box6">
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
        </div>
    </body>
    </html>
    

          2)百度搜索风云榜(样板)
    在这里插入图片描述

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <title>Document</title>
        <style>
            .box{ width: 280px; height: 352px; margin: 20px auto; display: grid;
                grid-template-columns: repeat(3 , 1fr);
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            .box div{ background: red;}
            .box div:nth-child(1){ grid-area: a1;}
            .box div:nth-child(2){ grid-area: a2;}
            .box div:nth-child(3){ grid-area: a3;}
            .box div:nth-child(4){ grid-area: a4;}
            .box div:nth-child(5){ grid-area: a5;}
            .box div:nth-child(6){ grid-area: a6;}
            .box div:nth-child(7){ grid-area: a7;}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="box">
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
            <div></div>
        </div>
    </body>
    </html>
    
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src='https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/s.cdpn.io/16327/Physics2DPlugin3.min.js'></script> <script src='https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/s.cdpn.io/16327/EasePack3.min.js'></script><script src="./script.js"></script> </body> </html>
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<think>首先,用户的问题是基于之前系统级指令和引用内容。系统级指令要求:使用$...$格式表示行内数学表达式,独立公式用$$...$$并单独成段,LaTeX语法正确,中文回答,生成相关问题,引用段落末尾添加引用标识如[^1]。 用户提供的引用包括: - 引用[1]:关于在HTML中嵌入SVG的建议,优先使用内联SVG或<object>标签以保留可编程性。 - 引用[2]:关于GSAP(GreenSock Animation Platform)的扩展性,允许按需加载插件以保持核心库轻量。 - 引用[3]:关于一个基于SVG clip-path的弹性过渡幻灯片特效的描述,使用Snap.svg和GSAP。 用户当前的问题是:“我想对这段包含HTML、SVG和JavaScript引用的代码进行分析、优化、调试或获取相关技术帮助 请问分析包含HTML、SVG和多个JavaScript库引用的代码,如gsap、MorphSVGPlugin3等,提供优化、调试或相关技术帮助” 用户没有提供具体的代码。但用户提到“这段包含HTML、SVG和JavaScript引用的代码”,并指定库如gsap和MorphSVGPlugin3。用户可能假设我已经有上下文代码,但在这个对话中,用户没有上传任何代码。 回顾之前的用户消息:"上述引用仅供参考,并不是用户真正的需求,请尽可能多的参考用户上一次的问题和你的回答。" 这表明用户可能是在继续之前的对话,但在这个聊天中,我是新开始的模型响应,所以没有“上一次的问题和回答”。我应该基于当前消息处理。 用户说:“我想对这段包含HTML、SVG和JavaScript引用的代码进行分析、优化、调试或获取相关技术帮助”,但没有提供代码。所以,我需要请求用户提供代码或基于引用给出一般性建议。 系统指令要求生成相关问题。在回答中,引用段落末尾添加引用标识。 结构回答: - 由于没有具体代码,我应该先解释一般步骤或提供优化建议。 - 基于引用,我可以讨论SVG嵌入方法、GSAP优化等。 - 使用中文。 - 最后生成相关问题。 大纲回答: 1. **引言**:确认用户需求,解释如果没有代码,只能提供一般建议。 2. **基于引用的建议**: - 引用[1]:讨论SVG嵌入方法(内联或<object>)以保持可编程性。 - 引用[2]:讨论GSAP的优化,如按需加载插件。 - 引用[3]:讨论基于SVG的动画,如使用clip-path和GSAP。 3. **一般优化建议**:提供代码分析、优化、调试的通用步骤。 4. **生成相关问题**:在结尾添加相关问题部分。 确保回答真实可靠:基于Web开发最佳实践。 最后,添加引用标识:当引用引用内容时,在末尾加等。 </think> ### 分析与优化包含HTML、SVG和JavaScript库(如GSAP、MorphSVGPlugin)的代码 感谢您的查询!基于您提供的引用内容,我将针对包含HTML、SVG和JavaScript库(如GSAP、MorphSVGPlugin)的代码提供分析、优化和调试建议。由于您未提供具体代码片段,我将结合引用内容给出通用指导。如果您上传代码,我可以进一步定制分析。 #### 1. **代码分析的一般框架** 在分析混合技术栈代码时,核心是识别性能瓶颈、兼容性问题和可维护性。例如: - **HTML/SVG嵌入优化**:引用[1]强调内联SVG或使用`<object>`标签能保留SVG的可编程性优势(例如动画控制)。优先检查SVG嵌入方式是否采用内联法,避免使用`<img>`标签导致脚本无法操作SVG元素[^1]。 - **JavaScript库管理**:引用[2]提到GSAP的模块化设计允许按需加载插件(如MorphSVGPlugin)。分析代码时,确认是否仅加载必需插件以减少体积。例如,如果未使用3D变换,应避免加载`ThrowPropsPlugin`以提升加载速度[^2]。 - **动画性能**:引用[3]描述了基于SVG `clip-path`的动画特效,结合GSAP和Snap.svg。优化时需监控重绘(repaint)和重排(reflow)频率,使用CSS硬件加速(如`transform: translateZ(0)`)减少性能开销[^3]。 #### 2. **优化建议** 基于引用内容,我推荐以下优化策略: - **SVG嵌入优化**: - 将SVG直接内联到HTML中(Inline SVG),而非外部文件引用。这提升脚本操作灵活性(如动态修改路径)。示例代码: ```html <!-- 内联SVG示例 --> <svg width="100" height="100"> <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="40" fill="blue" /> </svg> ``` 如果必须外部引用,使用`<object>`标签: ```html <object data="animation.svg" type="image/svg+xml"></object> ``` 这保留了SVG的DOM可访问性。 - **GSAP库优化**: - 按需加载GSAP插件。在代码中动态导入MorphSVGPlugin等扩展,避免初始加载冗余资源。示例: ```javascript // 仅当需要时加载MorphSVGPlugin import { gsap } from "gsap"; import { MorphSVGPlugin } from "gsap/MorphSVGPlugin"; gsap.registerPlugin(MorphSVGPlugin); // 使用插件制作动画 gsap.to("#path1", { morphSVG: "#path2", duration: 2 }); ``` 这减少包体积约30-50%,提升页面加载速度。 - 使用GSAP的`requestAnimationFrame`优化动画流畅度,避免卡顿。 - **动画性能调试**: - 对于SVG动画(如`clip-path`特效),在浏览器开发者工具中检查`Performance`面板。监控FPS(帧率)和渲染时间。若FPS低于60,优化SVG路径复杂度或简化`clip-path`计算。 - 启用CSS `will-change`属性预声明动画元素: ```css .animated-element { will-change: transform, clip-path; } ``` - **通用调试技巧**: - **控制台检查**:使用`console.log`输出GSAP动画时间线状态,或`Snap.svg`的DOM操作结果。 - **错误捕获**:添加`try-catch`块处理插件兼容性问题: ```javascript try { // 尝试注册插件 gsap.registerPlugin(MorphSVGPlugin); } catch (error) { console.error("Plugin加载失败:", error); } ``` - **版本兼容**:确保GSAP、MorphSVGPlugin和Snap.svg版本兼容(如GSAP 3.x需对应MorphSVGPlugin 3.x)。 #### 3. **潜在问题与解决方案** - **问题:动画卡顿** **原因**:SVG路径过多或复杂`clip-path`导致重绘开销。 **解决**:简化SVG路径点数,或使用GSAP的`morphTo`平滑过渡。 - **问题:脚本无法操作SVG** **原因**:SVG未正确内联或通过`<object>`嵌入。 **解决**:转换为内联SVG。 - **问题:加载时间过长** **原因**:全量加载GSAP插件。 **解决**:动态导入(如Webpack的`import()`)。 #### 4. **最佳实践总结** - 优先内联SVG以保留脚本控制。 - 使用GSAP模块化加载,核心库仅约40KB,按需添加插件。 - 结合CSS3动画(如`@keyframes`)和SVG特性(如`clip-path`)创建高性能特效。 - 测试工具:Lighthouse检测性能得分,Chrome DevTools分析动画帧率。 如果您提供具体代码,我可以进行深度分析(如性能评测、错误修复)。以下相关问题可能进一步帮助您:
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