200906VRTZ@vSphere安装Windows7直通显卡记录

200906VRTZ@vSphere安装Windows7直通显卡记录

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开始 17
需要在ThinkStationP330（CPU是英特尔i7-8700）上安装Windows7，但官方不提供驱动支持，进入PE安装系统后USB键鼠无法使用，主板上又没有提供PS/2接口，安装无法继续。

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过程1 17
使用USB驱动注入工具，在PE中向系统注入驱动，未果。
使用IT天空的万能驱动，在PE中向系统安装驱动，未果。
推测是没有相应的驱动，上网寻找对应驱动，官方不提供，民间修改版未找到。

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过程2 19
想要采用虚拟化技术安装，但是因为需要工作站上的独立显卡（英伟达quadro P1000），不能采取Windows10+WMwareWorkstation的配置，这样不能将GPU虚拟化，同时效率太低了。
于是采用VMware的vSphere，略过第一层操作系统，直接将Windows7虚拟机搭建在VMware的ESXi系统上。

在工作站上安装VMvisor6.7，然后配置好管理IP，用另一台电脑配好IP网线直连工作站，进入管理页面，创建虚拟机、选择操作系统并分配资源，然后在工作站上插入PE盘，开启虚拟机并进行Windows7安装。

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过程3 19
由于GPU现在不能很好的虚拟化，而且这台工作站其实只有一个系统在跑，故将独立显卡直通到虚拟机上。在ESXi管理页面左侧选择管理 →硬件→PCI设备中找到独立显卡，选中后点左上角的切换直通，看到独立显卡的直通变为“已启用/需要重新引导”，重新引导宿主机。

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过程4 19
重新引导后，显卡直通状态仍然为“已启用/需要重新引导”，这是ESXi的系统设置引起的。
在ESXi管理页面左侧选择管理 → 系统 → 高级管理 → 搜索“ACScheck”，将搜索到的“VMkernel.Boot.disableACSCheck—跳过对所有 PCIE 设备的 ACS 功能检查 ”值改为true，ESXi不再阻止显卡直通。

此外，直通PCI设备的虚拟机，要在内存设置中选中“预留所有客户机内存（全部锁定）”，否则会无法开机。

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过程5 19
虚拟机开机后，在设备管理器中看到未识别的显示适配器。
由于显卡是直通虚拟机的，相当于显卡直接挂载在Windows7系统下（不经过作为底层OS的ESXi，这也是使用vSphere最大的理由），所以直接去英伟达官网下载对应驱动即可。

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结束 19
安装驱动并重启后，显卡正常运行，唯一美中不足的是vSphere是为服务器准备的，只能通过网络远程访问虚拟机。

另外，从官网上下载的试用版vSphere7.0似乎没有直通功能，换了破解版的6.7才设置上直通。论破解版对小白的重要性啊……

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间幕
关于vSphere和常用的VMwareWorkstation的区别，从VMware官网可以得到解答。

首先是虚拟机监视器（虚拟化软件）的概念：

A hypervisor, also known as a virtual machine monitor or VMM, is a type of virtualization software that supports the creation and management of virtual machines (VMs) by separating a computer’s software from its hardware. Hypervisors translate requests between the physical and virtual resources, making virtualization possible. When a hypervisor is installed directly on the hardware of a physical machine, between the hardware and the operating system (OS), it is called a bare metal hypervisor. Some bare metal hypervisors are embedded into the firmware at the same level as the motherboard basic input/output system (BIOS). This is necessary for some systems to enable the operating system on a computer to access and use virtualization software.

然后，两个软件有啥区别呢：

The bare metal hypervisor is the most commonly deployed type of hypervisor. This is where the virtualization software is installed directly on the hardware, where the operating system is normally installed.
There is another type of hypervisor, known as a client or hosted hypervisor. While bare metal hypervisors run directly on the computing hardware, hosted hypervisors run within the operating system of the host machine. Although hosted hypervisors run within the OS, additional operating systems can be installed on top of it.

最后，为什么我们一定需要虚拟化软件：

Because the bare metal hypervisor separates the OS from the underlying hardware, the software no longer relies on or is limited to specific hardware devices or drivers. This means bare metal hypervisors allow operating systems and their associated applications to run on a variety of types of hardware. They also allow multiple operating systems and virtual machines (guest machines) to reside on the same physical server (host machine). Because the virtual machines are independent of the physical machine, they can move from machine to machine or platform to platform, shifting workloads and allocating networking, memory, storage, and processing resources across multiple servers according to needs. For example, when an application needs more processing power, it can seamlessly access additional machines through the virtualization software. This results in greater cost and energy efficiency and better performance, using fewer physical machines.