SSM框架学习(二)，SpringMVC学习_springmvc 获取ignite-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/ignite_/article/details/91357586

本文详细解析了SpringMVC的工作流程，从配置web.xml到处理请求的全过程，包括依赖注入、注解扫描、视图解析及静态资源处理。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

SpringMVC作用于显示层，结构上相当于原生代码中的servlet，其底层也是servlet，主要通过拦截请求，交由SpringMVC处理

目录结构

在这里插入图片描述

需要jar包

<dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

实现过程

springmvc通过拦截请求处理，所以先配置web.xml

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:DispatcherServlet-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

由于.html，属于静态资源，在运行时会报404错误，我这里选择的是在web.xml中配置，一切.html都交由tomcat默认的servlet处理，这里拦截所有请求 /，都交由springmvc处理，

index.html

<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="welcome"> 进入welcome</a>
</body>
</html>

这里，主页有个超链接，请求是welcome，被拦截，交由SpringMVC处理

welcomeSpringMVC.java

@Controller
public class welcomeSpringMvc {
    @RequestMapping("welcome")
    public String welcome(){
        System.out.println("成功");
        return "sussce";
    }
}

拦截的请求@RequestMapping(“welcome”)，找到该方法，执行该方法，返回字符串sussce

springDispatcherServlet-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
       xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="handle"/>
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/html/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
    </bean>

    <mvc:resources location="/html/" mapping="/html/*.html"/>
</beans>

该文件对返回的字符串进行处理，拼接前缀(prefix)/html/和后缀(suffix).html
由于在welcomeSpringMVC.java使用了注解（@Controller)，所以需要先扫描该包，获取注解信息。

html/sussce.html

<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
欢迎光临
</body>
</html>

上一步中拼接的/html/sussce.html，找到该html文件，默认请求转发到了该页面。

注意事项

1.使用注解形式装配，需要先扫描包

在welcomeSpringMvc.java中，装配时，使用了注解形式装配(@Controller),所以springDispatcherServlet-servlet.xml中，应扫描包，得到注解信息方能使用

2.对静态资源访问问题

因为拦截了所有请求，所以springmvc访问静态资源会报404错误，如html，css，图片等文件，此时要在web.xml加入

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

类似拦截，交由tomcat默认的servlet处理，也可以在springDispatcherServlet-servlet.xml中配置代码

mvc:resources mapping="/fonts/**" location="/fonts/"/>
    <mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/css/"/>
    <mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/"/>
    <mvc:resources mapping="/html/**" location="/html/"/>
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>