MERGE 语句示例说明

本文介绍IBM Informix IDS中的merge语句,这是一种DML语句,用于比较两个表的记录,并根据匹配情况执行插入、更新或删除操作。示例展示了如何使用merge语句来同步两个表之间的数据。

 

IBM Informix IDS merge语句为DML语句,用来对比两个表的记录情况,根据情况执行insert的同时执行update或者delete操作。

IDS11.5XC6及以上版本支持该功能

1.表sale为目标表,new_sale为来源表,通过cust_id对比两个表的数据,当sale表有与new_sale相同的记录时,执行update更新sale表的salecount属性,当sale表中没有new_sale中相应的记录,则把该记录insert 到sale表中

 

MERGE INTO sale USING new_sale AS n
ON sale.cust_id = n.cust_id
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE
SET sale.salecount = sale.salecount + n.salecount
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (cust_id, salecount)
VALUES (n.cust_id, n.salecount);

 


2.

 

MERGE INTO customer c
USING ext_customer e
ON c.customer_num=e.customer_num
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET c.fname = e.fname,

c.lname = e.lname,
c.company = e.company,
c.address1 = e.address1,
c.address2 = e.address2,
c.city = e.city,
c.state = e.state,
c.zipcode = e.zipcode,
c.phone = e.phone
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (c.fname, c.lname, c.company, c.address1, c.address2,
c.city, c.state, c.zipcode, c.phone)
VALUES
(e.fname, e.lname, e.company, e.address1, e.address2,
e.city, e.state, e.zipcode, e.phone);

 

3.

MERGE INTO customer c
USING ext_customer e
ON c.customer_num=e.customer_num
AND c.fname=e.fname AND c.lname=e.lname
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET c.fname = e.fname,
c.lname = e.lname,
c.company = e.company,
c.address1 = e.address1,
c.address2 = e.address2,
c.city = e.city,
c.state = e.state,
c.zipcode = e.zipcode,
c.phone = e.phone
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT
(c.fname, c.lname, c.company, c.address1, c.address2,
c.city, c.state, c.zipcode, c.phone)
VALUES
(e.fname, e.lname, e.company, e.address1, e.address2,
e.city, e.state, e.zipcode, e.phone);

 

4.

MERGE INTO customer c
USING ext_customer e
ON c.customer_num=e.customer_num
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET c.fname = e.fname,
c.lname = e.lname,
c.company = e.company,
c.address1 = e.address1,
c.address2 = e.address2,
c.city = e.city,
c.state = e.state,
c.zipcode = e.zipcode,
c.phone = e.phone ;

 

5.

MERGE INTO customer c
USING ext_customer e
ON c.customer_num=e.customer_num
WHEN MATCHED THEN
DELETE ;

 

6.

MERGE INTO customer c
USING ext_customer e
ON c.customer_num=e.customer_num AND c.fname=e.fname
AND c.lname=e.lname
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT
(c.fname, c.lname, c.company, c.address1, c.address2,
c.city, c.state, c.zipcode, c.phone)
VALUES
(e.fname, e.lname, e.company, e.address1, e.address2,
e.city, e.state, e.zipcode, e.phone);

 

7.

MERGE INTO customer c
USING ext_customer e
ON c.customer_num=e.customer_num AND c.fname=e.fname AND c.lname=e.lname
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT
(c.fname, c.lname, c.company, c.address1, c.address2,
c.city, c.state, c.zipcode, c.phone)
VALUES
(e.fname, e.lname, e.company, e.address1, e.address2,
e.city, e.state, e.zipcode, e.phone)
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE
SET c.fname = e.fname,
c.lname = e.lname,
c.company = e.company,
c.address1 = e.address1,
c.address2 = e.address2,
c.city = e.city,
c.state = e.state,
c.zipcode = e.zipcode,
c.phone = e.phone ;

 

8.

MERGE INTO customer c
USING (SELECT * from ext_customer e1, orders e2
WHERE e1.customer_num=e2.customer_num ) e
ON c.customer_num=e.customer_num AND c.fname=e.fname
AND c.lname=e.lname
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (c.fname, c.lname, c.company, c.address1, c.address2,
c.city, c.state, c.zipcode, c.phone)
VALUES (e.fname, e.lname, e.company, e.address1, e.address2,
e.city, e.state, e.zipcode, e.phone)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET c.fname = e.fname,
c.lname = e.lname,
c.company = e.company,
c.address1 = e.address1,
c.address2 = e.address2,
c.city = e.city,
c.state = e.state,
c.zipcode = e.zipcode,
c.phone = e.phone ;

 

MERGE 语句是用于将两个表的数据进行合并操作的工具,不同数据库中其使用方法、语法规则和应用场景既有相似之处又存在一定差异。 ### 语法规则 通用的基本语法结构为:`MERGE INTO 目标表 USING 源表或子查询 ON (匹配条件) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET 列1 = 值1, 列2 = 值2... WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (列1, 列2...) VALUES (值1, 值2...)`。以 SQL Server 和 Hive 为例,更具体的语法如下: - **SQL Server**:`MERGE INTO 目标表 a USING 源表 b ON (a.条件字段1=b.条件字段1 AND a.条件字段2=b.条件字段2 …) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET a.更新字段=b.字段 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT INTO a(字段1,字段2…) VALUES(值1,值2…)` [^1]。 - **Hive**:从 2.2 版本开始支持 MERGE 语句示例语法为 `MERGE INTO merge_demo1 A using merge_demo2 B ON ( A.id = B.id ) WHEN matched THEN UPDATE SET A.lastname = B.lastname WHEN NOT matched THEN INSERT (id, firstname, lastname) VALUES (B.id, B.firstname, B.lastname)` [^5]。 ### 使用方法 在使用 MERGE 语句时,首先要明确目标表和源表,然后确定匹配条件。当源表和目标表中的记录满足匹配条件时,执行 `WHEN MATCHED THEN` 子句中的操作,通常是更新目标表的某些字段;当不满足匹配条件时,执行 `WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN` 子句中的操作,一般是向目标表插入新记录。此外,在 Hive 中还可以执行删除操作。 ### 应用场景 MERGE 语句广泛应用于数据整合、数据同步和数据初始化等场景。通过使用 MERGE 语句,可以使用单个语句替换各个 DML 语句,由于操作是在单个语句中执行的,因此可以提高查询性能,减少数据库往返次数,从而最大限度地减少处理源表和目标表中数据的次数。不过,性能的提升取决于是否进行了正确的索引和联接以及是否遵守了其他注意事项 [^2][^3][^4]。 ### 代码示例 ```sql -- SQL Server 示例 MERGE INTO target_table a USING source_table b ON (a.key_column = b.key_column) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET a.value_column = b.value_column WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (key_column, value_column) VALUES (b.key_column, b.value_column); -- Hive 示例(从 2.2 版本开始支持) MERGE INTO target_hive_table A USING source_hive_table B ON (A.id = B.id) WHEN matched THEN UPDATE SET A.name = B.name WHEN NOT matched THEN INSERT (id, name) VALUES (B.id, B.name); ```
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