linux redhat 6.4 本地yum源及vnc图形界面简单配置

概述：众所周知在安装oracle数据库中需要安装一些操作系统包，如果使用rpm工具进行包的安装需要解决包与包的依赖问题，而如果使用yum安装包将变得非常的方便；oracle安装可以采用静默安装与图形化界面安装，一般我们都将会选择图形界面安装简单方便直观；这里推荐大家使用vnc远程桌面的形式及规避了在机房里对着显示屏安装数据库冻到感冒，也无需使用第三工具入xmanager由于网络抖动等导致安装不成功的情况发生。开始测试配置。。。

实验步骤：

1、安装好redhat 6.4操作系统

2、上传安装介质，真实机器可以插入光纤亦可以上传iso文件（本文使用iso文件进行）

3、挂载iso文件

4、配置本地yum源

5、安装vnc包

6、配置vnc

实验：

查看操作系统版本：

[root@cube ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64
[root@cube ~]# uname -a
Linux cube 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jan 29 11:47:41 EST 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@cube ~]# cat /etc/issue
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago)
Kernel \r on an \m

安装介质上传与/tmp目录中：

[root@cube ~]# ls -l /tmp/rhel*
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3720347648 Dec 26 15:56 /tmp/rhel-server-6.4-x86_64-dvd.iso

将iso文件挂载到/media目录中

 mount -o loop -t iso9660 /tmp/rhel-server-6.4-x86_64-dvd.iso /media/

配置yum本地源信息：

[root@cube ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@cube yum.repos.d]# ls
rhel-source.repo
[root@cube yum.repos.d]# rm rhel-source.repo 
rm: remove regular file `rhel-source.repo'? y
[root@cube yum.repos.d]# touch base.repo
[root@cube yum.repos.d]# vi base.repo 
[base]
name = base
baseurl=file:///media/Server
gpgcheck=0
enable=1

刷新yum源,可以使用以下命令亦或者是重启服务器等等

yum clean dbcache

yum list

至此 yum本地源配置完毕 可以去测试 yum install 包进行按照测试

vnc配置：

安装vnc包

[root@cube Packages]# yum install -y vnc-server
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tigervnc-server.x86_64 0:1.1.0-5.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution


Dependencies Resolved


================================================================================================================
 Package                         Arch                   Version                      Repository            Size
================================================================================================================
Installing:
 tigervnc-server                 x86_64                 1.1.0-5.el6                  base                 1.0 M


Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================
Install       1 Package(s)


Total download size: 1.0 M
Installed size: 2.6 M
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : tigervnc-server-1.1.0-5.el6.x86_64                                                           1/1 
base/productid                                                                           | 1.7 kB     00:00 ... 
  Verifying  : tigervnc-server-1.1.0-5.el6.x86_64                                                           1/1 


Installed:
  tigervnc-server.x86_64 0:1.1.0-5.el6                                                                          


Complete!

配置vncservers文件，最后添加两行命令：

[root@cube Packages]# cat /etc/sysconfig/vncservers 
# The VNCSERVERS variable is a list of display:user pairs.
#
# Uncomment the lines below to start a VNC server on display :2
# as my 'myusername' (adjust this to your own).  You will also
# need to set a VNC password; run 'man vncpasswd' to see how
# to do that.  
#
# DO NOT RUN THIS SERVICE if your local area network is
# untrusted!  For a secure way of using VNC, see this URL:
# http://kbase.redhat.com/faq/docs/DOC-7028


# Use "-nolisten tcp" to prevent X connections to your VNC server via TCP.


# Use "-localhost" to prevent remote VNC clients connecting except when
# doing so through a secure tunnel.  See the "-via" option in the
# `man vncviewer' manual page.


# VNCSERVERS="2:myusername"
# VNCSERVERARGS[2]="-geometry 800x600 -nolisten tcp -localhost"
VNCSERVERS="1:root"
VNCSERVERARGS[1]="-geometry 1024x768"

为vncserver设置密码：

[root@cube Packages]# vncserver   


You will require a password to access your desktops.


Password:
Verify:
xauth:  creating new authority file /root/.Xauthority
xauth: (stdin):1:  bad display name "cube:1" in "add" command


New 'cube:1 (root)' desktop is cube:1


Creating default startup script /root/.vnc/xstartup
Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /root/.vnc/cube:1.log

一般我们使用gnome作为图形界面形式故需要修改下/root/.vnc/xstartup文件

[root@cube ~]# cat /root/.vnc/xstartup 
#!/bin/sh


[ -r /etc/sysconfig/i18n ] && . /etc/sysconfig/i18n
export LANG
export SYSFONT
vncconfig -iconic &
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
OS=`uname -s`
if [ $OS = 'Linux' ]; then
  case "$WINDOWMANAGER" in
    *gnome*)
      if [ -e /etc/SuSE-release ]; then
        PATH=$PATH:/opt/gnome/bin
        export PATH
      fi
      ;;
  esac
fi
if [ -x /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc ]; then
  exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
fi
if [ -f /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc ]; then
  exec sh /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
fi
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#twm &
gnome-session &

启动vncserver并使服务随机启动

[root@cube ~]# chkconfig vncserver on
[root@cube ~]# service vncserver restart
Shutting down VNC server: 1:root                           [  OK  ]
Starting VNC server: 1:root xauth: (stdin):1:  bad display name "cube:1" in "add" command


New 'cube:1 (root)' desktop is cube:1


Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /root/.vnc/cube:1.log


                                                           [  OK  ]

至此vncserver已经配置完成，您可以在您的笔记本上使用vncview工具进行连接了。补充一点 vnc的端口为5901 端口 

[root@cube ~]# netstat -ntlp |grep vnc
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5901                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2319/Xvnc           
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:6001                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2319/Xvnc           
tcp        0      0 :::6001 

总结：配置好本地yum源及vnc为工作中安装oracle等各种软件提供了很好的解决方案，各位看官自行try it get 技能吧。。