单链表面试题

本文详细介绍了单链表的基本操作,包括结点个数的计算、逆序、求倒数第k个结点、中间结点、逆序输出、合并有序单链表、判断与求相交点、是否有环及入口点、二元查找树转双向链表、LeetCode题解等。

1.求单链表的结点个数

struct LNode
{
    int data;
    LNode *next;
};

int f(LNode *head)
{
    int k=0;
    while(head)
    {
        ++k;
        head=head->next;
    }
    return k;
}

2.单链表逆序

LNode *f(LNode *head)
{
    if(head==NULL||head->next==NULL)return head;
    LNode *pCur=head->next,*pNext;
    head->next=NULL;
    while(pCur)
    {
        pNext=pCur->next;
        pCur->next=head;
        head=pCur;
        pCur=pNext;
    }
    return head;
}

LNode *f(LNode *head)
{
    if(!head||!head->next)return head;
    LNode *prev=head,*cur=prev->next,*next=cur->next;
    while(cur)
    {
        cur->next=prev;
        prev=cur;
        cur=next;
        next=next?next->next:NULL;
    }
    head->next=NULL;
    return prev;
}

3.求单链表倒数第k个结点

LNode *f(LNode *head,int k)
{
    LNode *p=head,*q=head;
    for(;k>1&&q->next;k--)q=q->next;
    if(k>1)return NULL;
    while(q->next)
    {
        p=p->next;
        q=q->next;
    }
    return p;
}

4.求单链表的中间结点

LNode *f(LNode *head,int k)
{
    LNode *p=head,*q=head;
    while(q->next&&q->next->next)
    {
        p=p->next;
        q=q->next->next;
    }
    return p;
}

5.单链表逆序输出

void f(LNode *head)
{
    stack<int> s;
    while(head)
    {
        s.push(head->data);
        head=head->next;
    }
    while(!s.empty())
    {
        cout<<s.top()<<endl;
        s.pop();
    }
}
void f(LNode *head)
{
    if(head==NULL)return;
    f(head->next);
    cout<<head->data<<endl;
}

6.合并两个有序单链表

LNode *f(LNode *head1,LNode *head2)  
{
    LNode *head,*pCur;
    if(head1->data<=head2->data)
    {
        head=head1;
        head1=head1->next;
    }
    else 
    {
        head=head2;
        head2=head2->next;
    } 
    pCur=head;
    while(head1&&head2)  
    {  
        if(head1->data<=head2->data)  
        {  
            pCur->next=head1;  
            pCur=head1;  
            head1=head1->next;  
        }  
        else  
        {  
            pCur->next=head2;  
            pCur=head2;  
            head2=head2->next;  
        }  
    }  
    pCur->next=head1?head1:head2;  
    return head;
}  

7.判断两个单链表是否相交,若相交,则求相交的第一个点。

LNode *f(LNode *head1,LNode *head2)
{
    LNode *p=head1,*q=head2;
    int length1=1,length2=1,k;
    while(p->next)
    {
        p=p->next;
        length1++;
    }
    while(q->next)
    {
        q=q->next;
        length2++;
    }
    if(p==q)
    {
        p=head1;
        q=head2;
        k=length1-length2;
        if(length1<length2)
        {
            p=head2;
            q=head1;
            k=-k;
        }
        while(k--)p=p->next;
        while(p)
        {
            if(p==q)return p;
            else
            {
                p=p->next;
                q=q->next;
            }
        }
    }
    else return NULL;
}

8.判断单链表是否有环,若有,则求环的入口点。

若slow走了s步,则fast走了2s步,设环长为r:

2s = s + nr ->

s = nr

设头结点到入口点的距离为x,入口点到相遇点的距离为y,相遇点到入口点的距离为z:

s = x + y ->

x + y = nr ->

x = nr - y -> 

x = (n-1)r + z

将fast重置成表头,slow不变,两者以相同的速度走,当slow走到入口点时,fast离入口点还有(n-1)r,经过(n-1)r后两者会在入口点相遇

LNode *f(LNode *head)
{
    LNode *slow=head,*fast=head;
    while(fast&&fast->next)
    {
        slow=slow->next;
        fast=fast->next->next;
        if(slow==fast)break;
    }
    if(fast==NULL||fast->next==NULL)return NULL;
    slow=head;
    while(slow!=fast)
    {
        slow=slow->next;
        fast=fast->next;
    }
    return slow;
}

9.把二元查找树转变成排序的双向链表

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;    

struct node
{
	int value;
	node *left,*right;
	node(int x):value(x),left(NULL),right(NULL){}
};  

void createBinaryTree(node *&root)    
{    
    int i;    
    cin>>i;    
    if(i==0)root=NULL;    
    else    
    {  
        root=new node(i);     
        createBinaryTree(root->left);    
        createBinaryTree(root->right);    
    }    
}

void inorderTraversal(node *root,node *&tail)    
{    
    if(root)    
    {    
        inorderTraversal(root->left,tail);   
		tail->right=root;
        root->left=tail;    
		tail=root;        
        inorderTraversal(root->right,tail);    
    }    
}

node *convert(node *root)
{
	node dummy(-1);
	node *tail=&dummy;
	inorderTraversal(root,tail);
	return dummy.right;
}

int main()
{
	node *root;
	createBinaryTree(root);
	node *head=convert(root);
	for(;head;head=head->right)cout<<head->value<<' ';
	cout<<endl;
	return 0;
}

10.Leetcode

struct node
{
	int data;
	node *next;
	node(int x):data(x),next(NULL){}
};

//Add Two Numbers
node *addTwoNumbers(node *l1,node *l2)
{
	node dummy(-1);
	node *prev=&dummy;
	int carry=0;
	for(node *pa=l1,*pb=l2;pa||pb;pa=pa?NULL:pa->next,pb=!pb?NULL:pb->next,prev=prev->next)
	{
		int ai=!pa?0:pa->data;
		int bi=!pb?0:pb->data;
		int key=ai+bi+carry;
		carry=key/10;
		prev->next=new node(key%10);
	}
	if(carry>0)prev->next=new node(carry);
	return dummy.next;
}

//Reverse Linked List II
node *reverseBetween(node *head,int m,int n)
{
	 node *head2=head;
	 for(int i=0;i<m-2;++i)head2=head2->next;
	 node *prev=head2->next;
	 node *cur=prev->next;
	 for(int i=m;i<n;++i)
	 {
		 prev->next=cur->next;
		 cur->next=prev;
		 head2->next=cur;
	 }
	 return head;
}

//Partition List
node *partition(node *head,int x)
{
	node dummy1(-1);
	node dummy2(-1);
	node *cur1=&dummy1;
	node *cur2=&dummy2;
	for(node *cur=head;cur;cur->next)
	{
		if(cur->data<x)
		{
			cur1->next=cur;
			cur1=cur;
		}
		else
		{
			cur2->next=cur;
			cur2=cur;
		}
	}
	cur1->next=dummy2.next;
	cur2->next=NULL;
	return dummy1.next;
}

//Remove Duplicates from Sorted List
node *deleteDuplicates(node *head)
{
	if(!head)return head;
	node *prev=head,*cur=head->next;
	while(cur)
	{
		if(prev->data==cur->data)
		{
			prev->next=cur->next;
			delete cur;
			cur=prev->next;
		}
		else 
		{
			prev=cur;
			cur=cur->next;
		}
	}
	return head;
}

//Remove Duplicates from Sorted List II
node *deleteDuplicates(node *head)
{
	if(!head)return head;
	node dummy(-1);
	dummy.next=head;
	node *prev=&dummy,*cur=head;
	while(cur)
	{
		bool duplicated=false;
		while(cur->next&&cur->data==cur->next->data)
		{
			duplicated=true;
			node *tmp=cur;
			cur=cur->next;
			delete tmp;
		}
		if(duplicated)
		{
			node *tmp=cur;
			cur=cur->next;
			delete tmp;
		}
		else
		{
			prev=prev->next;
			cur=cur->next;
		}
	}
	prev->next=NULL;
	return dummy.next;
}

//Rotate List
node *rotateRight(node *head,int k)
{
	if(!head||k==0)return head;
	int len=1;
	node *p=head;
	while(p->next)
	{
		p=p->next;
		++len;
	}
	p->next=head;
	for(k=len-k%len;k>0;--k)p=p->next;
	head=p->next;
	p->next=NULL;
	return head;
}

//Remove Nth Node From End of List
node *removeNthFromEnd(node *head,int n) 
{
	node *p=head,*q=head;
	for(;n>0;n--)q=q->next;
	while(q->next)
	{
		p=p->next;
		q=q->next;
	}
	node *tmp=p->next;
	p->next=tmp->next;
	delete tmp;
	return head;
}

//Swap Nodes in Pairs
node *swapPairs(node *head)
{
	if(!head||!head->next)return head;
	node dummy(-1);
	dummy.next=head;
	for(node *prev=&dummy,*cur=prev->next,*next=cur->next;
		next;
		prev=cur,cur=next,next=next?next->next:NULL)
	{
		cur->next=next->next;
		next->next=cur;
		prev->next=next;
	}
}

//Reverse Nodes in k-Group
node* reverse(node *prev,node *end)
{
	node *begin=prev->next;
	for(node *p=prev->next,*q=p->next,*r=q->next;
		q!=end->next;
		p=q,q=r,r=r?r->next:NULL)q->next=p;
	begin->next=end->next;
	prev->next=end;
	return begin;
}

node *reverseKGroup(node *head,int k)
{
	if(!head||!head->next||k<2)return head;
    node dummy(-1);
	dummy.next=head;
	for(node *prev=&dummy,*end=head;end=prev->next;)
	{
		for(int i=1;i<k&&end;++i)end=end->next;
		if(!end)break;
		prev=reverse(prev,end);
	}
}

//Reorder List
node *reverse(node *head)
{
	if(!head||!head->next)return head;
	node *p=head;
	for(node *q=p->next,*r=q->next;
		q;
		p=q,q=r,r=r?r->next:NULL)q->next=p;
	head->next=NULL;
	return p;
}

void reorderList(node *head)
{
	if(!head||!head->next||!head->next->next)return;
	node *slow=head,*fast=head;
	while(fast->next&&fast->next->next)
	{
		slow=slow->next;
		fast=fast->next->next;
	}
	node *prev=slow->next;
	slow->next=NULL;
	prev=reverse(prev);
	node *p=head;
	while(p->next)
	{
		node *tmp=p->next;
		p->next=prev;
		prev=prev->next;
		p->next->next=tmp;
		p=tmp;
	}
        if(prev)p->next=prev;
}

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