Ansible模块详解-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/hwjos/article/details/108309124

script模块

script模块可以帮助我们在远程主机上执行 ansible 管理主机上的脚本，也就是说，脚本一直存在于 ansible 管理主机本地，不需要手动拷贝到远程主机后再执行

 [root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.194.133 -m script -a '/root/testst.sh'

template模板模块

可以把指定的文件复制到指定的位置上

[root@ansible yum]# vi CentOS-Base.repo 
:%s/$releasever/7/g

[root@ansible yum]# ansible 192.168.194.133 -m template -a'src=/files/yum/CentOS-Base.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo'
192.168.194.133 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "1db98d747fdc3a4144709b328cd3ee76de23719f",
    "dest": "/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "d70130cb2886538d7ec67a061699d4d3",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:system_conf_t:s0",
    "size": 2323,
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1598783249.2869942-2807-26677647496332/source",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}

[root@ansible yum]# ansible 192.168.194.133 -m template -a'src=/files/yum/CentOS-Base.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo'

copy复制模块，

将文件复制到被管理主机

[root@ansible ~]# ansible localhost  -m dnf  -a 'name=zsh download_only=yes download_dir=/tnp/'

[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.194.133 -m yum  -a 'name=zsh state=present'
192.168.194.133 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "changes": {
        "installed": [
            "zsh"
        ]
    },
    "msg": "",
    "rc": 0,
    "results": [
        "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * base: mirrors.aliyun.com\n * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com\n * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package zsh.x86_64 0:5.0.2-34.el7_8.2 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package      Arch            Version                    Repository        Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n zsh          x86_64          5.0.2-34.el7_8.2           updates          2.4 M\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall  1 Package\n\nTotal download size: 2.4 M\nInstalled size: 5.6 M\nDownloading packages:\nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n  Installing : zsh-5.0.2-34.el7_8.2.x86_64                                  1/1 \n  Verifying  : zsh-5.0.2-34.el7_8.2.x86_64                                  1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n  zsh.x86_64 0:5.0.2-34.el7_8.2                                                 \n\nComplete!\n"
    ]
}

group

模块用于在受控机添加或删除组

[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.194.133 -m group -a 'name=runtime state=present'
192.168.194.133 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "gid": 1000,
    "name": "runtime",
    "state": "present",
    "system": false
}
[root@ansible ~]#

[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.194.133 -m group -a 'name=runtime state=absent'
192.168.194.133 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "name": "runtime",
    "state": "absent"
}

ansible常用模块之user

user模块用于管理受控机的用户帐号。

[root@ansible ~]# ansible  192.168.194.133 -m user -a 'name=tom uid=1000 state=present'
192.168.194.133 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "comment": "",
    "create_home": true,
    "group": 1000,
    "home": "/home/tom",
    "name": "tom",
    "shell": "/bin/bash",
    "state": "present",
    "system": false,
    "uid": 1000
}

service 用于管理受控机上的服务

[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.194.133 -m group -a 'name=runtime state=absent'
192.168.194.133 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "name": "runtime",
    "state": "absent"
}
[root@ansible ~]# ansible  192.168.194.133 -m user -a 'name=tom uid=1000 state=present'
192.168.194.133 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" 
    }

[root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.194.133 -m service -a 'name=postfix state=stopped'
192.168.194.133 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "name": "postfix",
    "state": "stopped",
    "status": {
        "ActiveEnterTimestamp": "Sun 2020-08-30 13:57:00 CST",
        "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "6416965",
        "ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic": "0",
        "ActiveState": "active",

root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.194.133 -m service -a 'n
ame=postfix enabled=no'
192.168.194.133 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "enabled": false,
    "name": "postfix",
    "status": {
    ```
    ```
    [root@ansible ~]# ansible 192.168.194.133 -m service -a 'name=postfix state=stopped'
192.168.194.133 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "name": "postfix",
    "state": "stopped",
    "status": {

playbook

是一个不同于使用Ansible命令行执行方式的模式，其功能更强大灵活。简单来说，playbook是一个非常简单的配置管理和多主机部署系统，不同于任何已经存在的模式，可作为一个适合部署复杂应用程序的基础。Playbook可以定制配置，可以按照指定的操作步骤有序执行，支持同步和异步方式。值得注意的是playbook是通过YAML格式来进行描述定义的

[root@ansible ~]# vim mvpiay.yml
---
- name: fuwu
  hosts: 192.168.194.132
  tasks:
    - name: guanbipostfixfwu
      service:
        name: postfix
        state: stopped
        enabled: no
~                     
[root@ansible ~]# ansible-playbook mvpiay.yml

PLAY [fuwu] ********************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************
ok: [192.168.194.132]

TASK [guanbipostfixfwu] ********************************************************
changed: [192.168.194.132]

PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
192.168.194.132            : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0