Wifi配置
我的Wifi配置基本上是跟着这个教程来的,下面将过程简述,并解释每个命令/语句的作用。
1、检查USB无线网卡是否已经正确识别
将无线USB网卡插入树莓派后启动树莓派,比较不建议热插拔,因为插入的一瞬间会有比较高的电流,如果电源输出不够可能导致树莓派重启。用自己的方法进入shell界面后输入命令:
- lsusb
如果树莓派已经正常识别,在显示类似于如下的信息中可以看到你的USB无线网卡设备ID和芯片型号
- Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9514 Standard Microsystems Corp.
- Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
- Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp. SMSC9512/9514 Fast Ethernet Adapter
- Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0bda:8176 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8188CUS 802.11n WLAN Adapter
最新的raspbian已经有了wifi必要的包,直接插上就可以用了。不过最好还是可以看看iwconfig确认一下,输入
- iwconfig
显示如下:
- wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:"BabyBeaR_du" Nickname:"<WIFI@REALTEK>"
- Mode:Managed Frequency:2.412 GHz Access Point: BC:96:80:19:FD:98
- Bit Rate:150 Mb/s Sensitivity:0/0
- Retry:off RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
- Power Management:off
- Link Quality=100/100 Signal level=100/100 Noise level=0/100
- Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
- Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0
- lo no wireless extensions.
- eth0 no wireless extensions.
如果出现了wlan0,那说明网卡已经正常工作了。(这里的示例是已经用usb无线网卡连接上网络了,所以会显示ESSID。)如果这里的显示不正常,请安装连接wifi必要的包
- sudo apt-get install wireless-tools wpasupplicant firmware-realtek
2、设置wifi
输入如下命令可以搜索附近所有可连接的Wifi AP:
- iwlist wlan0 scan
- wlan0 Scan completed :
- Cell 01 - Address: 00:1D:7E:FB:BA:F1
- ESSID:"tociek-net"
- Protocol:IEEE 802.11bg
- Mode:Master
- Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)
- Encryption key:on
- Bit Rates:54 Mb/s
- Extra:wpa_ie=dd1c0050f20101000050f20202000050f2040050f20201000050f2020000
- IE: WPA Version 1
- Group Cipher : TKIP
- Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP
- Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
- Extra:rsn_ie=30180100000fac020200000fac04000fac020100000fac020000
- IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
- Group Cipher : TKIP
- Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP
- Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
- Quality=100/100 Signal level=100/100
- Cell 02 - Address: 00:21:27:E9:EA:00
- ESSID:"Jacek"
- Protocol:IEEE 802.11bg
- Mode:Master
- Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)
- Encryption key:on
- Bit Rates:54 Mb/s
- Extra:wpa_ie=dd1a0050f20101000050f20202000050f2020050f20401000050f202
- IE: WPA Version 1
- Group Cipher : TKIP
- Pairwise Ciphers (2) : TKIP CCMP
- Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
- Extra:rsn_ie=30180100000fac020200000fac02000fac040100000fac020100
- IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
- Group Cipher : TKIP
- Pairwise Ciphers (2) : TKIP CCMP
- Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
- Preauthentication Supported
- Quality=61/100 Signal level=54/100
值得注意的是,在windows下使用ICS建立的虚拟无线AP是无法被树莓派检测到的,具体原因不清楚,有时间了再研究。如这篇文章中我说过的,我这里没有wlan环境,之前也是一直用的windows建立的软AP。因此我把之前提到的那个小度WIFI插上了,还真能连上。。。
确定树莓派可以检测到你建立的wifiap之后,按照如下方法配置
使用如下命令获得wifi设置:
- wpa_passphrase SSID名称 密码
- network={
- ssid="SSID名称"
- #psk="密码"
- psk=4b7084a26fea96aaf67518820cc1151fb8f47c5fc0674cd6e877a2ecd70b596e
- }
- sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
- sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
- allow-hotplug wlan0
- auto wlan0
- iface wlan0 inet dhcp
- pre-up wpa_supplicant -B w -D wext -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
- post-down killall -q wpa_supplicant
- allow-hotplug wlan0
- auto wlan0
- iface wlan0 inet manual
- address 192.168.1.137
- netmask 255.255.255.0
- network 192.168.1.0
- broadcast 192.168.1.255
- gateway 192.168.1.1
- wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
- iface default inet dhcp
-
allow-hotplug wlan0
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
wpa-ssid 用户名
wpa-psk 密码
address 192.168.1.137
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.1.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255
gateway 192.168.1.1
iface default inet dhcp
连接网络
- sudo ifup wlan0
- rfkill: Cannot open RFKILL control device
- ioctl[SIOCSIWAP]: Operation not permitted
- ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument
- ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument
- Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.2
- Copyright 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium.
- All rights reserved.
- For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
- Listening on LPF/wlan0/a0:f3:c1:08:21:ac
- Sending on LPF/wlan0/a0:f3:c1:08:21:ac
- Sending on Socket/fallback
- DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7
- DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 14
- DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67
- DHCPOFFER from 192.168.1.1
- DHCPACK from 192.168.1.1
- Reloading /etc/samba/smb.conf: smbd only.
- bound to 192.168.1.137 -- renewal in 39240 seconds.
关闭连接使用如下命令
- pi@raspbmc:~$ sudo ifdown wlan0
- Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.2
- Copyright 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium.
- All rights reserved.
- For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
- Listening on LPF/wlan0/a0:f3:c1:08:21:ac
- Sending on LPF/wlan0/a0:f3:c1:08:21:ac
- Sending on Socket/fallback
- DHCPRELEASE on wlan0 to 192.168.1.1 port 67
- Reloading /etc/samba/smb.conf: smbd only