十九.Blob Analysis之三（一些例子）

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本文介绍了一种通过局部阈值分割和形态学后处理来检测金属表面划痕的方法。使用图像处理技术，如局部阈值分割、形态学操作等，实现了划痕的有效检测和分类。

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算子：

1.union1(Region : RegionUnion : : )

计算所有输入区域的并集，并返回计算结果。

2.skeleton(Region : Skeleton : : )

求区域的骨架，即包含在区域内的滚动最大圆圆心轨迹。

3.intensity(Regions, Image : : : Mean, Deviation)

计算区域灰度值的均值和方差。

例1.检测金属表面划痕

* surface_scratch.hdev: extraction of surface scratches via local thresholding and morphological post-processing
*
dev_close_window ()
dev_update_window ('off')
* ****
* step: acquire image
* ****
read_image (Image, 'surface_scratch')
get_image_size (Image, Width, Height)
dev_open_window_fit_image (Image, 0, 0, Width, Width, WindowID)
set_display_font (WindowID, 12, 'Courier', 'true', 'false')
dev_set_draw ('margin')
dev_set_line_width (4)
dev_display (Image)
disp_continue_message (WindowID, 'black', 'true')
stop ()
* ****
* step: segment image
* ****
* -> using a local threshold
mean_image (Image, ImageMean, 7, 7)
dyn_threshold (Image, ImageMean, DarkPixels, 5, 'dark')//阈值小于均值滤波像素灰度-5的像素被提取//
* -> extract connected components
connection (DarkPixels, ConnectedRegions)
dev_set_colored (12)
dev_display (ConnectedRegions)
disp_continue_message (WindowID, 'black', 'true')
stop ()
* ****
* step: process regions
* ****
* -> select large regions
select_shape (ConnectedRegions, SelectedRegions, 'area', 'and', 10, 1000)//提取面积在10到1000之间的区域//
dev_display (Image)
dev_display (SelectedRegions)
disp_continue_message (WindowID, 'black', 'true')
stop ()
* -> visualize fractioned scratch
open_zoom_window (0, round(Width/2), 2, 303, 137, 496, 3, WindowHandleZoom)

//放大并显示感兴趣区域，内部函数//
dev_set_color ('blue')
dev_display (Image)
dev_display (SelectedRegions)
disp_continue_message (WindowID, 'black', 'true')
stop ()
* -> merge fractioned scratches via morphology
union1 (SelectedRegions, RegionUnion) //对区域进行并集运算//
dilation_circle (RegionUnion, RegionDilation, 3.5)//对区域进行膨胀运算//
dev_display (Image)
dev_display (RegionDilation)
disp_continue_message (WindowID, 'black', 'true')
stop ()
skeleton (RegionDilation, Skeleton)//求并区域的骨架//

connection (Skeleton, Errors)//连通骨架//
dev_set_colored (12)
dev_display (Image)
dev_display (Errors)
disp_continue_message (WindowID, 'black', 'true')
stop ()
* -> distinguish small and large scratches
close_zoom_window (WindowHandleZoom, Width, Height)
select_shape (Errors, Scratches, 'area', 'and', 50, 10000)//选出抓痕直线//
select_shape (Errors, Dots, 'area', 'and', 1, 50)//选出抓痕点//
dev_display (Image)
dev_set_color ('red')
dev_display (Scratches)
dev_set_color ('blue')
dev_display (Dots)