oracle触发器(trigger)应用示例一则_oralce trigger 样例-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/huigang_10086/article/details/10000869

该示例展示了如何使用Oracle的触发器（trigger）实现在emp表数据变动时，自动更新dept_summary表的内容。当对emp表进行INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE操作时，触发器会根据变化自动调整dept_summary表的sal_sum和Emp_count字段，确保数据同步。示例中还包含了触发器的创建、使用和删除过程。

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创建DML语句行级触发器。当对emp表执行INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE 操作时，它自动更新dept_summary 表中的数据。由于在PL/SQL块中不能直接调用DDL语句，所以，利用ORACLE内置包DBMS_UTILITY中的EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT过程，由它执行DDL语句创建触发器:

BEGIN
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('插入前');
  Disp_dept_summary();
  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(
    'CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig2_update
      AFTER UPDATE OF sal ON emp
      REFERENCING OLD AS old_emp NEW AS new_emp
      FOR EACH ROW
      WHEN (old_emp.sal != new_emp.sal)
    BEGIN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''正在执行trig2_update 触发器…'');
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''sal 旧值：''|| :old_emp.sal);
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''sal 新值：''|| :new_emp.sal);
      UPDATE dept_summary
        SET sal_sum=sal_sum + :new_emp.sal - :old_emp.sal
        WHERE deptno = :new_emp.deptno;
    END;'
  );

  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(
    'CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig2_insert
      AFTER INSERT ON emp
      REFERENCING NEW AS new_emp
      FOR EACH ROW
    DECLARE
      I NUMBER;
    BEGIN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''正在执行trig2_insert 触发器…'');
      SELECT COUNT(*) INTO I
      FROM dept_summary WHERE deptno = :new_emp.deptno;
      IF I > 0 THEN
        UPDATE dept_summary
        SET sal_sum=sal_sum+:new_emp.sal,
        Emp_count=emp_count+1
        WHERE deptno = :new_emp.deptno;
      ELSE
        INSERT INTO dept_summary
        VALUES (:new_emp.deptno, :new_emp.sal, 1);
      END IF;
    END;'
  );

  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(
    'CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig2_delete
      AFTER DELETE ON emp
      REFERENCING OLD AS old_emp
      FOR EACH ROW
    DECLARE
      I NUMBER;
    BEGIN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''正在执行trig2_delete 触发器…'');
      SELECT emp_count INTO I
      FROM dept_summary WHERE deptno = :old_emp.deptno;
      IF I >1 THEN
        UPDATE dept_summary
        SET sal_sum=sal_sum - :old_emp.sal,
        Emp_count=emp_count - 1
        WHERE deptno = :old_emp.deptno;
      ELSE
        DELETE FROM dept_summary WHERE deptno = :old_emp.deptno;
      END IF;
    END;'
  );

  INSERT INTO dept(deptno, dname, loc)
    VALUES(90, 'demo_dept', 'none_loc');
  INSERT INTO emp(ename, deptno, empno, sal)
    VALUES(USER, 90, 9999, 3000);
  INSERT INTO emp(ename, deptno, empno, sal)
    VALUES(USER, 90, 9998, 2000);
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('插入后');
  Disp_dept_summary();

  UPDATE emp SET sal = sal*1.1 WHERE deptno=90;
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('修改后');
  Disp_dept_summary();

  DELETE FROM emp WHERE deptno=90;
  DELETE FROM dept WHERE deptno=90;
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('删除后');
  Disp_dept_summary();

  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT('DROP TRIGGER trig2_update');
  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT('DROP TRIGGER trig2_insert');
  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT('DROP TRIGGER trig2_delete');
EXCEPTION
   WHEN OTHERS THEN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLCODE||'---'||SQLERRM);
END;