Hyperledger Fabric 1.3 官方文档翻译（三）关键概念 (Key Concepts) - 3.2 Hyperledger Fabric 功能 (Functionalities)

Hyperledger Fabric 功能（Functionalities）

Hyperledger Fabric is an implementation of distributed ledger technology (DLT) that delivers enterprise-ready network security, scalability, confidentiality and performance, in a modular blockchain architecture. Hyperledger Fabric delivers the following blockchain network functionalities:
Hyperledger Fabric是分布式账本技术(DLT)的一个实现，在模块化的区块链架构中提供了企业级的网络安全、可伸缩性、机密性和性能。Hyperledger Fabric交付了以下区块链网络功能:

身份管理（Identity management）

To enable permissioned networks, Hyperledger Fabric provides a membership identity service that manages user IDs and authenticates all participants on the network. Access control lists can be used to provide additional layers of permission through authorization of specific network operations. For example, a specific user ID could be permitted to invoke a chaincode application, but be blocked from deploying new chaincode.
为了启用许可网络，Hyperledger Fabric提供了一个成员身份服务，该服务管理用户ID并对网络上的所有参与者进行身份验证。访问控制列表可用于通过特定网络操作的授权提供额外的许可层。例如，可以允许特定用户ID调用链代码应用程序，但不能部署新的链代码。

隐私和保密（Privacy and confidentiality）

Hyperledger Fabric enables competing business interests, and any groups that require private, confidential transactions, to coexist on the same permissioned network. Private channels are restricted messaging paths that can be used to provide transaction privacy and confidentiality for specific subsets of network members. All data, including transaction, member and channel information, on a channel are invisible and inaccessible to any network members not explicitly granted access to that channel.
Hyperledger Fabric使有商业利益竞争的，以及任何需要私有、机密交易的团体，能够在同一个要许可的网络上共存。私有通道是受限制的消息传递路径，可用于为网络成员的特定子集提供交易的隐私和机密性。通道上的所有数据(包括交易、成员和通道信息)对于任何未明确授予访问该通道权限的网络成员都是不可见也无法访问的。

高效处理（Efficient processing）

Hyperledger Fabric assigns network roles by node type. To provide concurrency and parallelism to the network, transaction execution is separated from transaction ordering and commitment. Executing transactions prior to ordering them enables each peer node to process multiple transactions simultaneously. This concurrent execution increases processing efficiency on each peer and accelerates delivery of transactions to the ordering service.
Hyperledger Fabric按节点类型分配网络角色。为了给网络提供并发性和并行性，交易执行与交易排序及提交是分开的。在排序之前执行交易可以使每个对等节点同时处理多个交易。这种并发执行提高了每个对等节点上的处理效率，并加速了交易到排序服务的交付。

In addition to enabling parallel processing, the division of labor unburdens ordering nodes from the demands of transaction execution and ledger maintenance, while peer nodes are freed from ordering (consensus) workloads. This bifurcation of roles also limits the processing required for authorization and authentication; all peer nodes do not have to trust all ordering nodes, and vice versa, so processes on one can run independently of verification by the other.
除了支持并行处理之外，分工还使排序节点不必承担交易执行和帐本维护的需求，而对等节点则不必承担排序（共识）的工作量。这种角色的分歧也限制了授权和身份验证所需的处理；所有对等节点不必信任所有的排序节点，反之亦然，因此一个节点可以独立运行而不依赖于别的节点验证。

链代码功能（Chaincode functionality）

Chaincode applications encode logic that is invoked by specific types of transactions on the channel. Chaincode that defines parameters for a change of asset ownership, for example, ensures that all transactions that transfer ownership are subject to the same rules and requirements. System chaincode is distinguished as chaincode that defines operating parameters for the entire channel. Lifecycle and configuration system chaincode defines the rules for the channel; endorsement and validation system chaincode defines the requirements for endorsing and validating transactions.
链代码应用程序对通道上特定类型交易的调用逻辑进行编码。例如定义资产所有权变更参数的链代码确保了所有转移所有权的交易都服从相同的规则和需求。系统链代码被区分为定义整个通道操作参数的链代码。生命周期和配置的系统链代码定义了通道的规则；背书和验证的系统链代码定义了背书和验证交易的需求。

模块化设计（Modular design）

Hyperledger Fabric implements a modular architecture to provide functional choice to network designers. Specific algorithms for identity, ordering (consensus) and encryption, for example, can be plugged in to any Hyperledger Fabric network. The result is a universal blockchain architecture that any industry or public domain can adopt, with the assurance that its networks will be interoperable across market, regulatory and geographic boundaries.
Hyperledger Fabric实现了一个模块化架构，为网络设计师提供功能选择。例如用于身份、排序（共识）和加密的特定算法可以插入到任何Hyperledger Fabric网络。其结果是任何行业或公共领域都可以采用这个通用的区块链结构，并保证其网络能够跨市场、法规和地理界限进行互操作。