python实现房价预测（一）

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-30 10:00:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-07-30 10:00:00 发布 · 6.3w 阅读

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本文是一个关于预测房价的项目，数据源自kaggle。文章详细介绍了分析步骤，包括理解项目目标、数据探索、特征选择、数据处理和模型建立。通过皮尔逊相关系数、箱线图和热力图等工具，作者挑选出如'OverallQual'、'GrLivArea'、'GarageCars'和'TotalBsmtSF'等关键特征，并讨论了如何处理缺失值和建立初步的线性回归模型。

这是一个预测房价的项目，项目来自kaggle的housing。

项目的目的是预测房价，需要从众多可能的影响因子中挑选出最能预测房价的因子来建立模型，用于预测房价。

分析步骤：

1. 理解项目目的，再围绕目的进行分析。本项目的目的根据数据预测房价；

2. 了解数据的分布特征，根据实际项目理解每列数据的意义。在数据分析时，最重要的是要熟悉业务，在业务基础上再分析，事半功倍；

3. 挑选特征。刻画每个特征与目标变量之间的关系，找出最重要的特征；同时，为了避免多重共线性，需剔除掉一个特征与特征之间相关性非常大的特征；

4. 应用交叉验证，对训练集进行建立合适的模型，再在测试集上测试；

5. 最终建立预测房价的模型。

下面是实践部分：

1. 首先查看数据

Ask a home buyer to describe their dream house, and they probably won't begin with the height of the basement ceiling or the proximity to an east-west railroad. But this playground competition's dataset proves that much more influences price negotiations than the number of bedrooms or a white-picket fence.

With 79 explanatory variables describing (almost) every aspect of residential homes in Ames, Iowa, this competition challenges you to predict the final price of each home.

SalePrice - the property's sale price in dollars. This is the target variable that you're trying to predict.
MSSubClass: The building class
MSZoning: The general zoning classification
LotFrontage: Linear feet of street connected to property
LotArea: Lot size in square feet
Street: Type of road access
Alley: Type of alley access
LotShape: General shape of property
LandContour: Flatness of the property
Utilities: Type of utilities available
LotConfig: Lot configuration
LandSlope: Slope of property
Neighborhood: Physical locations within Ames city limits
Condition1: Proximity to main road or railroad
Condition2: Proximity to main road or railroad (if a second is present)
BldgType: Type of dwelling
HouseStyle: Style of dwelling
OverallQual: Overall material and finish quality
OverallCond: Overall condition rating
YearBuilt: Original construction date
YearRemodAdd: Remodel date
RoofStyle: Type of roof
RoofMatl: Roof material
Exterior1st: Exterior covering on house
Exterior2nd: Exterior covering on house (if more than one material)
MasVnrType: Masonry veneer type
MasVnrArea: Masonry veneer area in square feet
ExterQual: Exterior material quality
ExterCond: Present condition of the material on the exterior
Foundation: Type of foundation
BsmtQual: Height of the basement
BsmtCond: General condition of the basement
BsmtExposure: Walkout or garden level basement walls
BsmtFinType1: Quality of basement finished area
BsmtFinSF1: Type 1 finished square feet