本文主要介绍tkprof工具的用法,tkprof工具的作用是格式化跟踪文件,例如格式化sqltrace,10046产生的输出文件。
一. TKPROF的参数
tkprof
Usage: tkprof tracefile outputfile [explain= ] [table= ]
[print= ] [insert= ] [sys= ] [sort= ]
table=schema.tablename Use 'schema.tablename' with 'explain=' option.
explain=user/password Connect to ORACLE and issue EXPLAIN PLAN.
print=integer List only the first 'integer' SQL statements.
aggregate=yes|no
insert=filename List SQL statements and data inside INSERT statements.
sys=no TKPROF does not list SQL statements run as user SYS.
record=filename Record non-recursive statements found in the trace file.
waits=yes|no Record summary for any wait events found in the trace file.
sort=option Set of zero or more of the following sort options:
prscnt number of times parse was called
prscpu cpu time parsing
prsela elapsed time parsing
prsdsk number of disk reads during parse
prsqry number of buffers for consistent read during parse
prscu number of buffers for current read during parse
prsmis number of misses in library cache during parse
execnt number of execute was called
execpu cpu time spent executing
exeela elapsed time executing
exedsk number of disk reads during execute
exeqry number of buffers for consistent read during execute
execu number of buffers for current read during execute
exerow number of rows processed during execute
exemis number of library cache misses during execute
fchcnt number of times fetch was called
fchcpu cpu time spent fetching
fchela elapsed time fetching
fchdsk number of disk reads during fetch
fchqry number of buffers for consistent read during fetch
fchcu number of buffers for current read during fetch
fchrow number of rows fetched
userid userid of user that parsed the cursor
二. 常用参数
1. sys参数,默认值为yes。此参数的作用是输出文件中是否包含以SYS运行的sql语句。我们执行sql语句时,后台经常会执行大量的以SYS用户运行的递归语句。如果不希望看到这些语句则sys参数就设置为no。
2. record参数,此参数用于指定一个文件记录跟中文件中找到的所有非递归SQL。
3. aggregate参数,默认值为no。此参数用于指定tkprof是否将同样文本内容的sql聚合处理。如果值为yes,那么同一个语句运行多次的执行信息将汇总显示。
4. sort参数,这个参数是经常使用到的一个参数,它用来指定tkprof输出文件里sql语句按照什么排序,默认是按照执行的先后顺序排序的,我们可以指定它按照其他方式排序,比如磁盘读取数,CPU时间等。这个参数最经常用的方式是:sort=prsela,exeela,fchela,其实这三个值加起来就是响应时间,即按照响应时间排序。这里别产生误解,tkprof会根据prsela,exeela,fchela三个值的和进行排序,而不是像SQL语句似的一个个的排序。
5. print参数,它经常搭配sort参数一起使用,用来指定tkprof输出sql语句的数量。这两个参数搭配使用起来就比较妙,比如你想知道一个跟踪文件里响应时间排前十的SQL,那么你就可以sort=prsela,exeela,fchela print=10来搭配使用。
6. explain参数,这个参数的含义是为每一个SQL提供一个执行计划。使用的方法是explain=用户名/密码,其实原理很简单,就是通过你指定的用户名,密码登陆数据库,然后为每一个sql执行以下explain plan for sql,输出到plan_table里,最后添加到输出文件里。注意,由于explain plan for 命令要求执行操作的用户要对sql语句里包含的对象都有执行权限,如果包含视图,也要对视图基于的基础表有执行权限,否则产生不了执行计划。注意增加了这个参数后,执行tkprof会比较慢。
7. wait参数,指定输出文件中包含不包含等待事件,默认是包含的。一般都取默认值。