shader入门精要:玻璃效果（笔记26）

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-14 14:21:48 发布

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本文深入探讨了Unity中实现玻璃折射效果的Shader代码细节。通过分析Shader的属性设置、SubShader配置以及CGPROGRAM中的顶点和片段着色器逻辑，揭示了如何在Unity中创建逼真的玻璃材质效果。特别关注了透明队列设置、屏幕抓取纹理、折射纹理的使用，以及世界空间到屏幕空间的转换。

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Shader "Unity Shaders Book/Chapter 10/Glass Refraction" {
	Properties {
		_MainTex ("Main Tex", 2D) = "white" {}
		_BumpMap ("Normal Map", 2D) = "bump" {}
		_Cubemap ("Environment Cubemap", Cube) = "_Skybox" {}
		_Distortion ("Distortion", Range(0, 100)) = 10
		_RefractAmount ("Refract Amount", Range(0.0, 1.0)) = 1.0
	}
	SubShader {
		// We must be transparent, so other objects are drawn before this one.
		Tags { "Queue"="Transparent" "RenderType"="Opaque" }
		
		// This pass grabs the screen behind the object into a texture.
		// We can access the result in the next pass as _RefractionTex
		GrabPass { "_RefractionTex" }
		
		Pass {		
			CGPROGRAM
			
			#pragma vertex vert
			#pragma fragment frag
			
			#include "UnityCG.cginc"
			
			sampler2D _MainTex;
			float4 _MainTex_ST;
			sampler2D _BumpMap;
			float4 _BumpMap_ST;
			samplerCUBE _Cubemap;
			float _Distortion;
			fixed _RefractAmount;
			sampler2D _RefractionTex;
			float4 _RefractionTex_TexelSize;
			
			struct a2v {
				float4 vertex : POSITION;
				float3 normal : NORMAL;
				float4 tangent : TANGENT; 
				float2 texcoord: TEXCOORD0;
			};
			
			struct v2f {
				float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
				float4 scrPos : TEXCOORD0;
				float4 uv : TEXCOORD1;
				float4 TtoW0 : TEXCOORD2;  
			    float4 TtoW1 : TEXCOORD3;  
			    float4 TtoW2 : TEXCOORD4; 
			};
			
			v2f vert (a2v v) {
				v2f o;
				//裁剪空间顶点信息
				o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
				//屏幕空间顶点信息
				
				o.scrPos = ComputeGrabScreenPos(o.pos);
				
				o.uv.xy = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.texcoord, _MainTex);
				o.uv.zw = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.texcoord, _BumpMap);
				//世界坐标系顶点信息
				
				float3 worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;  
				fixed3 worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);  
				fixed3 worldTangent = UnityObjectToWorldDir(v.tangent.xyz);  
				fixed3 worldBinormal = cross(worldNormal, worldTangent) * v.tangent.w; 
				
				o.TtoW0 = float4(worldTangent.x, worldBinormal.x, worldNormal.x, worldPos.x);  
				o.TtoW1 = float4(worldTangent.y, worldBinormal.y, worldNormal.y, worldPos.y);  
				o.TtoW2 = float4(worldTangent.z, worldBinormal.z, worldNormal.z, worldPos.z);  
				
				return o;
			}
			
			fixed4 frag (v2f i) : SV_Target {		
				float3 worldPos = float3(i.TtoW0.w, i.TtoW1.w, i.TtoW2.w);
				fixed3 worldViewDir = normalize(UnityWorldSpaceViewDir(worldPos));
				
				// Get the normal in tangent space
				fixed3 bump = UnpackNormal(tex2D(_BumpMap, i.uv.zw));	
				
				// Compute the offset in tangent space
				float2 offset = bump.xy * _Distortion * _RefractionTex_TexelSize.xy;
				i.scrPos.xy = offset * i.scrPos.z + i.scrPos.xy;
				fixed3 refrCol = tex2D(_RefractionTex, i.scrPos.xy/i.scrPos.w).rgb;
				
				// Convert the normal to world space
				bump = normalize(half3(dot(i.TtoW0.xyz, bump), dot(i.TtoW1.xyz, bump), dot(i.TtoW2.xyz, bump)));
				fixed3 reflDir = reflect(-worldViewDir, bump);
				fixed4 texColor = tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv.xy);
				fixed3 reflCol = texCUBE(_Cubemap, reflDir).rgb * texColor.rgb;
				
				fixed3 finalColor = reflCol * (1 - _RefractAmount) + refrCol * _RefractAmount;
				
				return fixed4(finalColor, 1);
			}
			
			ENDCG
		}
	}
	
	FallBack "Diffuse"
}