linux学习笔记一

[root@localhost ~]# ls -a /
.          bin   etc   lost+found  mnt  proc  selinux  tmp
..         boot  home  media       net  root  srv      usr
.autofsck  dev   lib   misc        opt  sbin  sys      var
[root@localhost ~]# ls -a /tmp
.             .gdm_socket           mapping-admin        VMwareDnD
..            .gdmVCGDZW            mapping-root         vmware-root
.font-unix    .ICE-unix             orbit-root           .X0-lock
gconfd-admin  keyring-YxqoNK        ssh-qwzOr10785       .X11-unix
gconfd-root   ks-script-fvlw9H      virtual-root.FQQcmy
.gdmFU25YW    ks-script-fvlw9H.log  vmware-admin
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /
total 138
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Jun 24 04:07 bin
drwxr-xr-x   4 root root  1024 Jun 23 09:45 boot
drwxr-xr-x  11 root root  4020 Jun 24 03:52 dev
drwxr-xr-x  92 root root 12288 Jun 24 04:07 etc
drwxr-xr-x   4 root root  4096 Jun 23 09:50 home
drwxr-xr-x  13 root root  4096 Jun 24 04:07 lib
drwx------   2 root root 16384 Jun 23 09:37 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Jan 26  2010 media
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root     0 Jun 24 03:51 misc
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root  4096 Jun 23 09:55 mnt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root     0 Jun 24 03:51 net
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Jun 23 01:56 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 131 root root     0 Jun 24 03:49 proc
drwxr-x---  14 root root  4096 Jun 24 04:17 root
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 12288 Jun 24 04:07 sbin
drwxr-xr-x   4 root root     0 Jun 24 03:49 selinux
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Jan 26  2010 srv
drwxr-xr-x  11 root root     0 Jun 24 03:49 sys
drwxrwxrwt  14 root root  4096 Jun 24 04:17 tmp
drwxr-xr-x  14 root root  4096 Jun 23 09:41 usr
drwxr-xr-x  22 root root  4096 Jun 23 09:48 var
[root@localhost ~]# pwd
/root
[root@localhost ~]# cd /
[root@localhost /]# pwd
/
[root@localhost /]# cd /test
bash: cd: /test: No such file or directory
[root@localhost /]# mkdir test
[root@localhost /]# pwd
/
[root@localhost /]# cd /test
[root@localhost test]# pwd
/test
[root@localhost test]# touch testfile
[root@localhost test]# pwd
/test
[root@localhost test]# ls
testfile
[root@localhost test]# ls -l testfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 24 04:34 testfile
[root@localhost test]# cp /etc/inittab /etc/services /test
[root@localhost test]# ls
inittab  services  testfile
[root@localhost test]# cp -R /etc /test

[root@localhost test]# ls /test
etc  inittab  services  testfile
[root@localhost test]# mv services service
[root@localhost test]# ls /test
etc  inittab  service  testfile
[root@localhost test]# mv /test/inittab /tmp/
[root@localhost test]# ls /test
etc  service  testfile
[root@localhost test]# ls /tmp
gconfd-admin    ks-script-fvlw9H      orbit-root           VMwareDnD
gconfd-root     ks-script-fvlw9H.log  ssh-qwzOr10785       vmware-root
inittab         mapping-admin         virtual-root.FQQcmy
keyring-YxqoNK  mapping-root          vmware-admin
[root@localhost test]# mv /test/testfile /tmp/file.test
[root@localhost test]# ls /test
etc  service
[root@localhost test]# ls /tmp
file.test     keyring-YxqoNK        mapping-root         vmware-admin
gconfd-admin  ks-script-fvlw9H      orbit-root           VMwareDnD
gconfd-root   ks-script-fvlw9H.log  ssh-qwzOr10785       vmware-root
inittab       mapping-admin         virtual-root.FQQcmy
[root@localhost test]# ls /test
etc  service
[root@localhost test]# rm service
rm: remove regular file `service'? y
[root@localhost test]# ls /test
etc
[root@localhost test]# touch testfile
[root@localhost test]# ls
etc  testfile
[root@localhost test]# rm -f testfile
[root@localhost test]# ls
\etc
[root@localhost test]# ls
etc
[root@localhost test]# rm -rf etc
[root@localhost test]# ls
[root@localhost test]# ls /test
[root@localhost test]# 

bin-binary
usr-user
sbin-super binary


-a all


-l long




drwxr-xr-x


文件类型：
d-目录directory
- 二进制文件
l 软链接文件link


权限分类：r-read读权限、w-write写、x-execute执行
rwx r-x r-x


用户分类：
(1)第一类用户：所有者u   
user
onwer


(2)第二类用户：所属组g 
group


(3)第三类用户：其他人o 
others






drwxr-xr-x  2    root      root     4096       12-01 20：52               bin
2-硬链接数      所有者     所属组   文件大小   创建时间或最后修改时间     目录或者文件的名


称


数据块 block 512字节




cd change directory  切换目录
pwd print working directory  显示但其那所在的工作目录


touch 创建空文件
mkdir make directory 创建目录
cp copy 复制文件或目录（复制目录cp -R）


 cp /etc/inittab /etc/services /test 拷贝inittab、services文件到test目录下


[root@localhost test]# ls
inittab  services  testfile




[root@localhost test]# cp -R /etc /test  复制目录




ctrl+c 终止命令




mv move 移动文件、更名（剪切）


rm remove 删除文件  


rm -f 文件名  接删除文件 不会提示是否删除
rm -r 删除目录


rmdir 删除空目录


rm -rf 文件目录  （这个目录的所有文件都删除）不用询问