python基础练习（三）

######判断输入###

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
_author_ = 'hxr'
def myabs(x):
    if isinstance(x,(int,float)):
        print abs(x)
    else:
        print "请输入数字"
myabs('123')

######将姓名首字母变为大写######

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
_author_ = 'hxr'

def func(name):
    if name.istitle():
        print name
    else:
        print name.capitalize()

name=raw_input("输入姓名:")
func(name)

#####运用字典判断四则运算####

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
from __future__ import division
_author_ = 'hxr'
def add(num1,num2):
    return num1+num2
def sub(num1,num2):
    return num1-num2
def chen(num1,num2):
    return num1*num2
def chu(num1,num2):
    return num1/num2
num1=input("请输入一个数字")
num2=input("请输入一个数字")
dic={'+':add(num1,num2),'-':sub(num1,num2),'*':chen(num1,num2),'/':chu(num1,num2)}
choice=raw_input("请输入运算方法:")
if choice in dic.keys():
    print dic[choice]
else:
    print "当前操作不存在！"

#####返回两个值（相当于返回元组）######

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
_author_ = 'hxr'
def func(x,y):
    if not isinstance(x,int)or not isinstance(y,int):
        print 'Error type'
    else:
        return max(x,y),(x+y)/2
x=input("请输入一个数")
y=input("请输入一个数")
maxi,ave=func(x,y)
print "最大为：%s"%maxi
print "平均为：%s"%ave

######参数为列表#############

#默认参数必须是不可变数据类型
def func1(li=None):
    if li is None:
        return ['END']
    else:
        li.append('END')
        return li
def func(li=[]):
    if len(li)==0:
        return ['END']
    else:
        li.append('END')
        return li

print func([1,2,3])
print func()
print func()

########可变参数/位置参数#####

#定义函数时，形参可以为*args，使函数可以接受多个参数
#如果想将一个列表或元组传入函数，也可以通过*li或*t将参数传入函数里
def fun(*args):
    print type(args)
    return max(args),min(args)
    
li=1,42,3,14,58,6
print fun(*li)

###########关键字参数####

def enroll(name,age=22,**kwargs):
    print 'name:'+name
    print 'age:%d'% age
    for k,w in kwargs.items():
        print '%s  : %s'%(k,w)
    print type(kwargs)
enroll('hello',myclass='运维班',gender='male')

####

#####递归函数求阶乘#####

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
_author_ = 'hxr'
def fact(n):
    if n == 1:
        return 1;
    else:
        return fact(n - 1) * n

num = input("请输入一个数字：")
print fact(num)

######除数的一半########

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
_author_ = 'hxr'
def fun(n):
    if  not isinstance(n,int):
        print "num is not int"
        exit (0)
    print n
    b=int (n/2)
    if b >0:
        return fun(b)
num = input("请输入一个数字：")
fun(10)

########求数的平方########

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
_author_ = 'hxr'
li=[]
for i in range(1,8,1):
    li.append(i*i)
print li
list=[]
for i in range(1,8,1):
    s="%s x %s"%(i,i)
    list.append(s)
print list

########列表生成式（可以嵌套语句）#####

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8
li=[]
str1='123'
str2='ABC'
for i in str1:
    for j in str2:
        li.append(i+j)
print li
print[i+j for i in str1 for j in str2]

#######斐波那挈数列#####

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8
def fib(max):
    n,a,b=0,0,1
    while n<max:
        print b
        a,b=b, a+b
        n+=1
fib(7)

#######生成器######

def hello():
    print 'a'
    yield 1
    print 'b'
    yield 2
    print 'c'
    yield 3
a=hello()
a.next()
a.next()
a.next()

########异步I/O模型########

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8
import time
def consumer(name):
    print '%s 准备好了！'%name
    while True:
        fentiao =yield
        print ('%s做好了，%s已经结束了')%(fentiao,name)
def product(name):
    c1=consumer("hello1")
    c2=consumer("hello2")
    c1.next()
    c2.next()
    print "开始制作了......."
    for i in 'hen':
        time.sleep(1)
        print '%s做了两份'%name
        c1.send(i)
        c2.send(i)
product('小明')

#########字符串转int类型#######

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8
str1='12345'
def char2int(x):
    li = {'0': 0, '1': 1, '2': 2, '3': 3, '4': 4, '5': 5, '6': 6, '7': 7, '8': 8, '9': 9}
    return li[x]
res= map(char2int,str1)
def func(x,y):
    return x*10+y
print type(reduce(func,res))

########过滤输出1-10中的所有质数#####

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8
def zhi(x):
    if x==1:
        return None
    for i in range(2,x+1):
        if x%i==0:
            break
    if i==x:
        return x
    else:
        return None
print filter(zhi,range(1,10))