Sculpted from clay, shaped by power: Feminine narrative and agency in Wonder Woman【翻译】

Acknowledgments
In Wonder Woman Vol. 4 #40 (2015), Diana declares, “An Amazon looks for ways to
empower her sisters … because their strength is hers.” The creation of this thesis project has only
been accomplished with the same tenet in mind. By recognizing and following the strengths of
others, I have discovered my own and can now empower those who come after me. The support
I’ve received throughout the process of this project has been invaluable and much appreciated.
First and foremost, I would like to thank my thesis readers, Annette Wannamaker and
Amanda Allen, and the children’s literature department faculty at Eastern Michigan University,
including Ian Wojcik-Andrews and Ramona Caponegro. Annette and Amanda, I appreciate the
time you have both spent with my work and my writing beyond words can express.
Above all, I would like to thank my family and friends for their undying confidence and
inspiration. Thank you to my parents for the pestering, the confidence boosts, the honesty, and
the love even in my worst moments. Thank you to my sister for check-in texts and my brother
for fact-checking my Batman references and debating comics with me. Thank you to my #ladies
for your ever-present strength: Erika, who inspired me to follow my ever-loving heart; Teresa,
who is better at texting than me and to whom I owe a title; and Caitlin, who brought me to see
Wonder Woman’s silver-screen debut and has gamely watched Wonder Woman with me too
many times. Thank you to my many coworkers at Barnes and Noble Booksellers who helped me
(and my caffeine intake) through the stress, busy weekends, and tuition fees. Thank you to my
children’s literature cohort for pushing me to my limits and always teaching me new things.
In each of your strengths, I have found my own and I love you and this project for what I
have discovered in theorizing a narrative to empower all those who seek a heroine.
Carpenter iv
Abstract
By applying deconstructive and feminist theories to the Wonder Woman saga, this thesis develops
a potential definition of feminine narrative in contrast to the normative and exclusionary
patriarchal narrative that reigns supreme in popular culture and Western ideology. Though much
of comics discourse functions on the assumption that superhero narratives are homogenous
reflections of this ideological hero narrative, I posit that the Amazonian princess’s resilience and
iconicity stem from her own narrative’s uniquely deconstructive nature: Where the patriarchal
story would demand dominance, destruction, and violence, the feminine narrative that Diana
models advocates for equality, nurturance, and emotional and rational communication. By
examining the historical and literary texts that influenced her as well as her own influences on
popular culture, this thesis shows Wonder Woman counteracting the patriarchal hero narrative
and its binaries in favor of a more equalizing and nurturing feminine narrative that serves to
empower herself and her readers.
Carpenter v
Table of Contents
Dedication ………………………………………………………………………………………... ii
Acknowledgments ………………………………………………………………………………... iii
Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………………...…iv
List of figures …………………………………………………………………………………….. vi
Title note ………………………………………………………………………………………....vii
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
Chapter 1 “I made war because war was made on me”: The Influence of Amazons
in Literature on Wonder Woman and the Feminine Narrative …………………. 15
Chapter 2 “Woman draws her story into history”: Wonder Woman’s Influence
in Comics and Popular Culture ……………………………………………….. 47
Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………. 76
Bibliography …………………………………………………………………………………….. 83
Carpenter vi
List of Figures
Figure Short Title Page
Fig. 1 Greek amphora: Amazons swimming (c. 525 BCE) ………………...….. 16
Fig. 2 Greek amphora: Amazons preparing for battle (c. 525 BCE) …………... 16
Fig. 3 Amazonomachy sarcophagus (c. 3rd century BCE) …………………….. 23
Fig. 4 Penthesilia in De mulieribus claris as published by Zainer (1473) ….......... 26
Fig. 5 Lampedo and Marpesia in De mulieribus claris as published by Zainer
(1473) ……………………………………………………………………..
26
Fig. 6 Diana venerated by the Amazons as Wonder Woman (Vol. 5 #4 (2017))
38
Fig. 7 “St. Ursula Protecting the Eleven Thousand Virgins” (Master of the
Legend of St. Barbara, c. 15th century CE) ……………………………....
38
Fig. 8 Sensation Comics #1 (1941) …………………………………………...….. 42
Fig. 9 Sensation Comics #2 (1942) ……………………………………………..... 42
Fig. 10 Gal Gadot as Diana in Wonder Woman (2017) surrounded by reverent
and thankful villagers …………………………………………………..…
46
Fig. 11 Wonder Woman Vol. 3 #25 (2008) ……………………………………...... 52
Fig. 12 Wonder Woman ’77 Special Vol. 1 #2 (2005) ………………………...…… 52
Fig. 13 The Flash Vol. 2 #34 (2017): Justice League variant cover ………………... 56
Fig. 14 Wonder Woman Vol. 5 #34 (2017): Justice League variant cover ……...….. 56
Fig. 15 Sheena, Queen of the Jungle #1 (1938) …………………………………...... 62
Fig. 16 Sheena, Queen of the Jungle #1 (2017) …………………………………….. 62
Fig. 17 Betty and Veronica #7 (1950) …………………………………………....... 68
Fig. 18 Betty and Veronica #41 (1959) …………………………………………..... 68
Fig. 19 Wonder Woman Vol. 3 #24 (2008) ……………………………………...... 74

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