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本文介绍了GPS接收器如何利用多普勒效应来测量与卫星之间的相对速度。通过观察频率与L1或L2载波的差异，即多普勒频移，可以确定由相对运动产生的投影速度，该速度沿视线单位向量方向，以发射频率除以光速的比例进行缩放。
一、多普勒观测值（Doppler Measurements）
The frequency observed by the GPS receiver differs from the L1 or L2 due to the Doppler shift caused by the relative motion of the satellite and the receiver. This is measured in the carrier tracking loop of a GPS receiver. The Doppler shift is the projection of the relative velocities onto the line of sight unit vector scaled by the transmitted frequency divided by the speed of light (Misra and Enge 2001); i.e.
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