[HBase基础]-- java 调用hbase api创建hbase分区表

本文介绍如何使用Java编程语言通过HBase API创建带有预分区的HBase表,并详细展示了Maven项目的搭建过程、配置文件内容及关键代码实现。

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java 调用hbase api创建hbase分区表

运行环境:idea16+jdk-1.7+hbase-cdh-1.2.0+cdh-5.8.0

 

一、新建maven项目,编写pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.enn</groupId>
    <artifactId>testDB</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <!--配置属性和版本号 -->
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <hadoop.version>2.6.0-cdh5.8.0</hadoop.version>
        <hbase.version>1.2.0-cdh5.8.0</hbase.version>
    </properties>

    <!--配置依赖库地址(用于加载CDH依赖的jar包) -->
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>cloudera</id>
            <url>https://repository.cloudera.com/artifactory/cloudera-repos/</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>


    <dependencies>
        <!-- hadoop依赖包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
            <artifactId>hadoop-common</artifactId>
            <version>${hadoop.version}</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                    <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
            <artifactId>hadoop-client</artifactId>
            <version>${hadoop.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
            <artifactId>hadoop-hdfs</artifactId>
            <version>${hadoop.version}</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>tomcat</groupId>
                    <artifactId>jasper-runtime</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>tomcat</groupId>
                    <artifactId>jasper-compiler</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <!-- hbase依赖包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
            <artifactId>hbase-client</artifactId>
            <version>${hbase.version}</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                    <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
            <artifactId>hbase-common</artifactId>
            <version>${hbase.version}</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                    <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
            <artifactId>hbase-server</artifactId>
            <version>${hbase.version}</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                    <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <!-- logback日志依赖包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-access</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.3</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
    <!-- 编译配置 -->
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- 编译插件 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.7</source>
                    <target>1.7</target>
                    <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

 

二、编写配置文件:CreateTable.xml(注意:该文件需要放到resources目录下)

 

<root>
    <column>
        <MaxVersions>1</MaxVersions><!-- 最大版本数,默认为1  -->
        <MinVersions>0</MinVersions><!-- 最小版本数,默认为0,如果大于0,必须设置TTL(数据保存时间) -->
        <BlockSize>65536</BlockSize><!-- HFile存储块大小,默认64KB -->
        <BlockCacheEnabled>true</BlockCacheEnabled><!-- 是否启用缓存,如果某些数据经常被查询则启用,缓存数据分为三级 -->
        <InMemory>false</InMemory><!-- 列族数据是否使用内存模式,true则将表列数据写入硬盘且写入内存,会使用缓存的最高级别 -->
        <TimeToLive>2147483647</TimeToLive><!--单位秒 生命周期 默认永久(2147483647s即68年) -->
        <BloomFilterType>ROW</BloomFilterType><!-- 布隆过滤,用于查询,此处所有列族均使用该过滤,默认ROW是为了与本项目的get查询方法对应,可选NONE、ROWCOL -->
        <CompressionType>LZ4</CompressionType><!-- 压缩类型,支持LZ4、LZO、GZIP、SNAPPY压缩,LZO、SNAPPY需要集群安装,LZ4需要调用hadoop的lib,GZIP压缩率高但速度更慢 -->
        <CacheBloomsOnWrite>false</CacheBloomsOnWrite><!-- 写布隆过滤时是否缓存 -->
        <CacheDataOnWrite>false</CacheDataOnWrite><!-- 写数据时是否缓存-->
        <CacheIndexesOnWrite>false</CacheIndexesOnWrite><!-- 写索引时是否缓存 -->
        <CompressTags>true</CompressTags><!-- 是否压缩HFile的标签 -->
        <Scope>1</Scope><!-- 注意:本参数有待考证:范围标签,0则集群间复制时不允许,1则允许 -->
        <KeepDeletedCells>false</KeepDeletedCells><!-- 是否保留删除的单元(true则在TTl前仍可以get或scan) -->
        <DataBlockEncoding>PREFIX_TREE</DataBlockEncoding><!-- 数据编码,优化重复数据的存储,能够节省空间 -->
    </column>
    <table>
        <FamilyName>f</FamilyName><!-- 列族,用逗号分割,尽量只使用一个列族,多列族会导致分割合并、查询效率低下 -->
        <TableName>greatgas:enn_test2222</TableName><!-- 表名,多表以逗号分开 -->
        <RegionNum>32</RegionNum><!-- 预分区数 -->
    </table>
    <zookeeper>
        <Quorum>slave-29.dev.cluster:2181,slave-30.dev.cluster:2181,slave-31.dev.cluster:2181</Quorum><!-- zookeeper主机 -->
        <Parent>/hbase</Parent><!-- hbase在zookeeper上的存储目录,可以称作是库,多个库以逗号分开 -->
    </zookeeper>
</root>

 

三、编写工具类:HBaseConf.java

 

 

 

package createTable;

import org.apache.commons.configuration.ConfigurationException;
import org.apache.commons.configuration.XMLConfiguration;

import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.compress.Compression.Algorithm;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.encoding.DataBlockEncoding;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.BloomType;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.net.URL;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

/**
 * 获取创建表配置文件的内容
 */
public class HBaseConf {
    Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HBaseConf.class);
    //列属性配置
    int MaxVersions;//最大版本数
    int MinVersions;//最小版本数
    int Blocksize;//块大小
    boolean BlockCacheEnabled;//块是否可缓存
    boolean InMemory;//
    int TimeToLive;//存储时长
    BloomType BloomFilterType;//存储HFile过滤器
    Algorithm CompressionType;//压缩类型
    boolean CacheBloomsOnWrite;//
    boolean CacheDataOnWrite;//
    boolean CacheIndexesOnWrite;//
    String CompressTags;//
    int Scope;//
    boolean KeepDeletedCells;//是否保存删除的数据
    DataBlockEncoding DataBlockEncoding;//
    //表属性配置
    String FamilyName;//列族名
    String TableName;//表名
    String RegionNum;//分区数
    //hbase连接配置
    String Quorum;//zookeeper主机
    String Parent;//zookeeper存储目录

    public HBaseConf readXml() {
        try {
            XMLConfiguration xmlConfiguration = getXml();
            xmlConfiguration.setThrowExceptionOnMissing(true);//获取不到指定属性则报错
            this.MaxVersions = xmlConfiguration.getInt("column.MaxVersions");
            this.MinVersions = xmlConfiguration.getInt("column.MinVersions");
            this.Blocksize = xmlConfiguration.getInt("column.BlockSize");
            this.BlockCacheEnabled = xmlConfiguration.getBoolean("column.BlockCacheEnabled");
            this.InMemory = xmlConfiguration.getBoolean("column.InMemory");
            this.TimeToLive = xmlConfiguration.getInt("column.TimeToLive");
            this.BloomFilterType = BloomType.valueOf(xmlConfiguration.getString("column.BloomFilterType").toUpperCase());
            this.CompressionType = Algorithm.valueOf(xmlConfiguration.getString("column.CompressionType").toUpperCase());
            this.CacheBloomsOnWrite = xmlConfiguration.getBoolean("column.CacheBloomsOnWrite");
            this.CacheDataOnWrite = xmlConfiguration.getBoolean("column.CacheDataOnWrite");
            this.CacheIndexesOnWrite = xmlConfiguration.getBoolean("column.CacheIndexesOnWrite");
            this.CompressTags = xmlConfiguration.getString("column.CompressTags");
            this.Scope = xmlConfiguration.getInt("column.Scope");
            this.KeepDeletedCells = xmlConfiguration.getBoolean("column.KeepDeletedCells");
            this.DataBlockEncoding = DataBlockEncoding.valueOf(xmlConfiguration.getString("column.DataBlockEncoding").toUpperCase());

            this.FamilyName = xmlConfiguration.getString("table.FamilyName");
            this.TableName = xmlConfiguration.getString("table.TableName");
            this.RegionNum = xmlConfiguration.getString("table.RegionNum");

            this.Quorum = xmlConfiguration.getString("zookeeper.Quorum");
            this.Parent = xmlConfiguration.getString("zookeeper.Parent");
            return this;
        } catch (ConfigurationException ex) {
            logger.error("创建xml解读类出现错误");
            ex.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        } catch (NoSuchElementException ex) {
            logger.error("读取'建表的参数配置文件'出现错误,请确保已配置如下参数:{}.", ex.getMessage());
            ex.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }

    }

    /**
     * 读取默认的建表配置文件
     *
     * @return 配置文件
     * @throws ConfigurationException
     */
    private XMLConfiguration getXml() throws ConfigurationException {
        URL url = HBaseConf.class.getClassLoader().getResource("CreateTable.xml");
        XMLConfiguration xmlConfiguration=new XMLConfiguration();
        xmlConfiguration.setDelimiterParsingDisabled(true);
        xmlConfiguration.setAttributeSplittingDisabled(true);
        xmlConfiguration.load(url);
        return xmlConfiguration;
    }

    /**
     * 读取指定文件
     *
     * @param file 指定的建表配置文件名
     * @return 配置文件
     * @throws ConfigurationException
     */
    private XMLConfiguration getXml(String file) throws ConfigurationException {
        XMLConfiguration xmlConfiguration=new XMLConfiguration();
        xmlConfiguration.setDelimiterParsingDisabled(true);
        xmlConfiguration.setAttributeSplittingDisabled(true);
        xmlConfiguration.load(file);
        return xmlConfiguration;
    }
}

 

 

编写主类:CreateTable.java(注意:如果有kerberos认证,则需要2个文件---》krb5.confe_lvbin.keytab)

 

package createTable;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;

import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 创建Hbase分区表的实现
 * 测试通过
 */
public class CreateTable {

    static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CreateTable.class);//创建日志对象

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HBaseConf conf = null;//创建配置文件类
        conf = new HBaseConf().readXml();//获取配置文件的配置参数类
        try {
            for (String parent : conf.Parent.split(",")) {
                for (String table : conf.TableName.split(",")) {
                    create(conf, parent, table);
                }
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("建表失败!");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    /**
     * 建表
     *
     * @param conf   配置类
     * @param parent 库名
     * @param table  表名
     *       作用:    创建分区表
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void create(HBaseConf conf, String parent, String table) throws IOException {

        System.setProperty("java.security.krb5.conf","F:/krb5.conf");  //windows下 ,本地执行需要
        Configuration configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();//创建Hbase连接配置
        configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "slave-31.dev.cluster.em.cn:2181");
        configuration.set("hbase.rootdir", "hdfs://mycluster/hbase");
        configuration.set("hadoop.security.authentication", "kerberos");
        configuration.set("hbase.security.authentication", "kerberos");
        configuration.set("hbase.security.authorization", "true");
        configuration.set("hbase.master.kerberos.principal", "hbase/_HOST@EM.CN");
        configuration.set("hbase.thrift.kerberos.principal", "hbase/_HOST@EM.CN");
        configuration.set("hbase.regionserver.kerberos.principal", "hbase/_HOST@EM.CN");
        configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort", "2181");
        configuration.set(TableInputFormat.INPUT_TABLE, table);
        configuration.set("hbase.rpc.timeout", "10000");
        configuration.set("hbase.client.retries.number", "5");
        configuration.set("hbase.client.pause", "5000");
        configuration.set("hbase.client.scanner.timeout.period", "50000");
        String user = "e_lvbin@EM.CN";
        String keyPath = "F:/e_lvbin.keytab";                   //本地认证需要的文件
        UserGroupInformation.setConfiguration(configuration);
        UserGroupInformation.loginUserFromKeytab(user, keyPath);
        HBaseAdmin hBaseAdmin = null;//创建表管理
        try {
            hBaseAdmin = new HBaseAdmin(configuration);
            logger.info("hbase库是:{}............", parent);
            if (hBaseAdmin.tableExists(table)) {
                logger.error("{}表已经存在,无法创建!", table);
            } else {
                logger.info("正在创建表:{}..............", table);
                HTableDescriptor hTableDescriptor = new HTableDescriptor(TableName.valueOf(table));//创建表描述器
                //hTableDescriptor.setMaxFileSize();//集群配置中应该有,这些不设置应该也行
                for (String familyName : conf.FamilyName.split(",")) {//针对不同的列族建立列描述器
                    HColumnDescriptor hd = new HColumnDescriptor(familyName);//创建列描述器
                    hd.setBlockCacheEnabled(conf.BlockCacheEnabled);
                    hd.setBlocksize(conf.Blocksize);
                    hd.setBloomFilterType(conf.BloomFilterType);
                    hd.setCacheBloomsOnWrite(conf.CacheBloomsOnWrite);
                    hd.setCacheDataOnWrite(conf.CacheDataOnWrite);
                    hd.setCacheIndexesOnWrite(conf.CacheIndexesOnWrite);
                    hd.setCompressionType(conf.CompressionType);
                    hd.setDataBlockEncoding(conf.DataBlockEncoding);
                    hd.setInMemory(conf.InMemory);
                    hd.setMaxVersions(conf.MaxVersions);
                    hd.setMinVersions(conf.MinVersions);
                    hd.setTimeToLive(conf.TimeToLive);
                    hd.setKeepDeletedCells(conf.KeepDeletedCells);
                    hd.setScope(conf.Scope);
                    hTableDescriptor.addFamily(hd);//表描述器加载该列描述器
                }
                //注意建立预分区的startKey与endKey类型要与你插入数据时的hash值对应起来,此处是short数,那个你插入时rowkey的前缀应该是short的byte数组而不是字符串的byte数组
                hBaseAdmin.createTable(hTableDescriptor,
                        Bytes.toBytes((short)(0)), Bytes.toBytes((short)(0x7FFF)), Integer.parseInt(conf.RegionNum));//创建表-参数分别是:表描述、起始key、结束key、分区数
                logger.info("表创建完成:{}!", table);
            }

        } catch (IOException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (null != hBaseAdmin) {
                try {
                    hBaseAdmin.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    logger.info("表连接关闭失败:{}!", table);
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

 

四、本地执行主类:CreateTable.java

 

五、xshell上查看是否创建分区表成功

 

注意:如果出现空指针异常,请将resources目录下的CreateTable.xml另起一个名称CreateTable222.xml

     即可解决!!

 

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