Oracle查看控制文件 & v$controlfile_record_section;

本文介绍Oracle数据库控制文件的备份及转储方法,并提供两种不同场景下创建新控制文件的SQL命令集,包括NORESETLOGS选项用于当前在线日志可用的情况,以及RESETLOGS选项用于在线日志损坏的情况。

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控制文件查看与重建操作详解

一、控制文件特性与查看方法

数据库的控制文件是二进制文件,这决定了它不能直接进行编辑和查看。不过,我们可以将控制文件转储到 trace 文件中,从而实现对其内容的查看。以下是具体操作步骤:

  1. 确定控制文件位置
show parameter control_file

该命令用于显示当前数据库控制文件的位置信息,帮助我们明确控制文件的存储路径。
在这里插入图片描述

  1. 转储控制文件到 trace 文件
alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/tmp/bpxtest.ctl';

此命令会将控制文件的内容备份并转储到指定的 /tmp/bpxtest.ctl 文件中,之后我们就可以查看该文件获取控制文件的相关信息。
在这里插入图片描述

二、查看转储后的控制文件内容

在这里插入图片描述

cat /tmp/bpxtest.ctl 
cat /tmp/bpxtest.ctl 
-- The following are current System-scope REDO Log Archival related
-- parameters and can be included in the database initialization file.
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=''
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST=''
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.dbf
--
-- DB_UNIQUE_NAME="baipx"
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='SEND, RECEIVE, NODG_CONFIG'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4
-- STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL
-- STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=?/dbs/arch
-- FAL_CLIENT=''
-- FAL_SERVER=''
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='SERVICE=baipxplus'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='OPTIONAL REOPEN=30 NODELAY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='LGWR NOAFFIRM NOEXPEDITE NOVERIFY ASYNC=61440'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='REGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='DB_UNIQUE_NAME=baipxplus'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,STANDBY_ROLE)'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_10=ENABLE
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=+SSDDG1'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='OPTIONAL REOPEN=300 NODELAY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='ARCH NOAFFIRM NOEXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='REGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

--
-- Below are two sets of SQL statements, each of which creates a new
-- control file and uses it to open the database. The first set opens
-- the database with the NORESETLOGS option and should be used only if
-- the current versions of all online logs are available. The second
-- set opens the database with the RESETLOGS option and should be used
-- if online logs are unavailable.
-- The appropriate set of statements can be copied from the trace into
-- a script file, edited as necessary, and executed when there is a
-- need to re-create the control file.
--
--     Set #1. NORESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline
-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are
-- available.

-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
--  ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "BAIPX" NORESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 192
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 1024
    MAXINSTANCES 32
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_1.266.1096993787'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 2 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_2.269.1096993787'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 3 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_3.261.1096993849'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 4 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_4.264.1096993849'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 5 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_5.258.1096993891'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 6 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_6.257.1096993891'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/system.267.1096993707',
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/sysaux.1511.1096993709',
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/undotbs1.260.1096993709',
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/users.263.1096993709',
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/undotbs2.262.1096993827'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;

-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '+SSDDG1';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '+SSDDG1';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE

-- All logs need archiving and a log switch is needed.
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;

-- Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '+SSDDG1/baipx/tempfile/temp.268.1096993789'
     SIZE 33554432  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--
--     Set #2. RESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- The contents of online logs will be lost and all backups will
-- be invalidated. Use this only if online logs are damaged.

-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
--  ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "BAIPX" RESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 192
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 1024
    MAXINSTANCES 32
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_1.266.1096993787'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 2 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_2.269.1096993787'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 5 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_5.258.1096993891'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/system.267.1096993707',
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/sysaux.1511.1096993709',
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/undotbs1.260.1096993709',
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/users.263.1096993709',
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/undotbs2.262.1096993827'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;

-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '+SSDDG1';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '+SSDDG1';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE

-- Create log files for threads other than thread one.
ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE THREAD 2
  GROUP 3 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_3.261.1096993849' SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512 REUSE,
  GROUP 4 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_4.264.1096993849' SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512 REUSE,
  GROUP 6 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_6.257.1096993891' SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512 REUSE;

-- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;

-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '+SSDDG1/baipx/tempfile/temp.268.1096993789'
     SIZE 33554432  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--

执行该命令后,会输出控制文件转储后的详细内容,其中包含了数据库初始化参数、创建控制文件的 SQL 语句等重要信息。下面对输出内容进行详细解读:

(一)系统范围的 REDO 日志归档参数

文件中包含了一系列当前系统范围的 REDO 日志归档相关参数,这些参数可被包含在数据库初始化文件中,示例如下:

-- The following are current System-scope REDO Log Archival related
-- parameters and can be included in the database initialization file.
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=''
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST=''
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.dbf
--
-- DB_UNIQUE_NAME="baipx"
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='SEND, RECEIVE, NODG_CONFIG'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4
-- STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL
-- STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=?/dbs/arch
-- FAL_CLIENT=''
-- FAL_SERVER=''
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='SERVICE=baipxplus'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='OPTIONAL REOPEN=30 NODELAY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='LGWR NOAFFIRM NOEXPEDITE NOVERIFY ASYNC=61440'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='REGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='DB_UNIQUE_NAME=baipxplus'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,STANDBY_ROLE)'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_10=ENABLE
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=+SSDDG1'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='OPTIONAL REOPEN=300 NODELAY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='ARCH NOAFFIRM NOEXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='REGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

这些参数对数据库的 REDO 日志归档策略和行为进行了详细配置,例如归档目的地、归档格式、归档进程数量等。

(二)创建控制文件的 SQL 语句

文件中提供了两套创建新控制文件并打开数据库的 SQL 语句,分别适用于不同的情况:

  1. NORESETLOGS 情况
    当当前所有联机日志的最新版本都可用时,应使用此套语句。
--     Set #1. NORESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline
-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are
-- available.

-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
--  ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "BAIPX" NORESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 192
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 1024
    MAXINSTANCES 32
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_1.266.1096993787'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 2 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_2.269.1096993787'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 3 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_3.261.1096993849'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 4 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_4.264.1096993849'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 5 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_5.258.1096993891'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 6 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_6.257.1096993891'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/system.267.1096993707',
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/sysaux.1511.1096993709',
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/undotbs1.260.1096993709',
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/users.263.1096993709',
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/undotbs2.262.1096993827'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;

-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '+SSDDG1';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '+SSDDG1';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE

-- All logs need archiving and a log switch is needed.
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;

-- Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '+SSDDG1/baipx/tempfile/temp.268.1096993789'
     SIZE 33554432  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.

此套语句首先以非挂载模式启动数据库,然后创建控制文件,接着进行数据库恢复操作,最后正常打开数据库,并添加临时文件到临时表空间。

  1. RESETLOGS 情况
    当联机日志损坏时,应使用此套语句。
--     Set #2. RESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- The contents of online logs will be lost and all backups will
-- be invalidated. Use this only if online logs are damaged.

-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
--  ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "BAIPX" RESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 192
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 1024
    MAXINSTANCES 32
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_1.266.1096993787'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 2 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_2.269.1096993787'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 5 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_5.258.1096993891'  SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/system.267.1096993707',
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/sysaux.1511.1096993709',
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/undotbs1.260.1096993709',
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/users.263.1096993709',
  '+SSDDG1/baipx/datafile/undotbs2.262.1096993827'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;

-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '+SSDDG1';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '+SSDDG1';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE

-- Create log files for threads other than thread one.
ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE THREAD 2
  GROUP 3 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_3.261.1096993849' SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512 REUSE,
  GROUP 4 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_4.264.1096993849' SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512 REUSE,
  GROUP 6 '+SSDDG1/baipx/onlinelog/group_6.257.1096993891' SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512 REUSE;

-- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;

-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '+SSDDG1/baipx/tempfile/temp.268.1096993789'
     SIZE 33554432  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.

此套语句同样先以非挂载模式启动数据库,创建控制文件,但使用 RESETLOGS 选项,这会导致联机日志内容丢失且所有备份失效。之后进行数据库恢复,添加日志文件,最后以重置日志模式打开数据库,并添加临时文件。

三、查看控制文件记录部分信息

在这里插入图片描述

除了转储控制文件内容,我们还可以通过查询视图来获取控制文件记录部分的信息:

desc v$controlfile_record_section; 
select * from v$controlfile_record_section;
  • desc v$controlfile_record_section;:该命令用于查看 v$controlfile_record_section 视图的结构,了解该视图包含的列信息。
  • select * from v$controlfile_record_section;:此命令用于查询该视图的所有记录,获取控制文件记录部分的详细信息。

关于 v$controlfile_record_section 视图的详细文档,可参考 官方文档

通过上述操作和相关 SQL 语句,我们可以对数据库控制文件进行查看、转储以及必要时的重建操作,确保数据库的正常运行和数据安全。同时,在操作过程中应根据实际情况谨慎选择合适的 SQL 语句,避免数据丢失或数据库损坏等问题。

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