字节前端高频手写面试题（持续更新中）

Promise

// 模拟实现Promise
// Promise利用三大手段解决回调地狱：
// 1. 回调函数延迟绑定
// 2. 返回值穿透
// 3. 错误冒泡

// 定义三种状态
const PENDING = 'PENDING';      // 进行中
const FULFILLED = 'FULFILLED';  // 已成功
const REJECTED = 'REJECTED';    // 已失败

class Promise {
   
   
  constructor(exector) {
   
   
    // 初始化状态
    this.status = PENDING;
    // 将成功、失败结果放在this上，便于then、catch访问
    this.value = undefined;
    this.reason = undefined;
    // 成功态回调函数队列
    this.onFulfilledCallbacks = [];
    // 失败态回调函数队列
    this.onRejectedCallbacks = [];

    const resolve = value => {
   
   
      // 只有进行中状态才能更改状态
      if (this.status === PENDING) {
   
   
        this.status = FULFILLED;
        this.value = value;
        // 成功态函数依次执行
        this.onFulfilledCallbacks.forEach(fn => fn(this.value));
      }
    }
    const reject = reason => {
   
   
      // 只有进行中状态才能更改状态
      if (this.status === PENDING) {
   
   
        this.status = REJECTED;
        this.reason = reason;
        // 失败态函数依次执行
        this.onRejectedCallbacks.forEach(fn => fn(this.reason))
      }
    }
    try {
   
   
      // 立即执行executor
      // 把内部的resolve和reject传入executor，用户可调用resolve和reject
      exector(resolve, reject);
    } catch(e) {
   
   
      // executor执行出错，将错误内容reject抛出去
      reject(e);
    }
  }
  then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
   
   
    onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : value => value;
    onRejected = typeof onRejected === 'function'? onRejected :
      reason => {
   
    throw new Error(reason instanceof Error ? reason.message : reason) }
    // 保存this
    const self = this;
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
   
   
      if (self.status === PENDING) {
   
   
        self.onFulfilledCallbacks.push(() => {
   
   
          // try捕获错误
          try {
   
   
            // 模拟微任务
            setTimeout(() => {
   
   
              const result = onFulfilled(self.value);
              // 分两种情况：
              // 1. 回调函数返回值是Promise，执行then操作
              // 2. 如果不是Promise，调用新Promise的resolve函数
              result instanceof Promise ? result.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(result);
            })
          } catch(e) {
   
   
            reject(e);
          }
        });
        self.onRejectedCallbacks.push(() => {
   
   
          // 以下同理
          try {
   
   
            setTimeout(() => {
   
   
              const result = onRejected(self.reason);
              // 不同点：此时是reject
              result instanceof Promise ? result.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(result);
            })
          } catch(e) {
   
   
            reject(e);
          }
        })
      } else if (self.status === FULFILLED) {
   
   
        try {
   
   
          setTimeout(() => {
   
   
            const result = onFulfilled(self.value);
            result instanceof Promise ? result.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(result);
          });
        } catch(e) {
   
   
          reject(e);
        }
      } else if (self.status === REJECTED) {
   
   
        try {
   
   
          setTimeout(() => {
   
   
            const result = onRejected(self.reason);
            result instanceof Promise ? result.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(result);
          })
        } catch(e) {
   
   
          reject(e);
        }
      }
    });
  }
  catch(onRejected) {
   
   
    return this.then(null, onRejected);
  }
  static resolve(value) {
   
   
    if (value instanceof Promise) {
   
   
      // 如果是Promise实例，直接返回
      return value;
    } else {
   
   
      // 如果不是Promise实例，返回一个新的Promise对象，状态为FULFILLED
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => resolve(value));
    }
  }
  static reject(reason) {
   
   
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
   
   
      reject(reason);
    })
  }
  static all(promiseArr) {
   
   
    const len = promiseArr.length;
    const values = new Array(len);
    // 记录已经成功执行的promise个数
    let count = 0;
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
   
   
      for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
   
   
        // Promise.resolve()处理，确保每一个都是promise实例
        Promise.resolve(promiseArr[i]).then(
          val => {
   
   
            values[i] = val;
            count++;
            // 如果全部执行完，返回promise的状态就可以改变了
            if (count === len) resolve(values);
          },
          err => reject(err),
        );
      }
    })
  }
  static race(promiseArr) {
   
   
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
   
   
      promiseArr.forEach(p => {
   
   
        Promise.resolve(p).then(
          val => resolve(val),
          err => reject(err),
        )
      })
    })
  }
}

请实现一个 add 函数，满足以下功能

add(1);             // 1
add(1)(2);      // 3
add(1)(2)(3)；// 6
add(1)(2, 3); // 6
add(1, 2)(3); // 6