English words practice

English words practice

​ The CPU in a microcomputer is actually one relatively small integrated circuit or chip. Although most CPU chips are smaller than a lens of a pair of glasses,the electronic components they contain would have filled a room a few decades ago. Using advanced microelectronic techniques,manufacturers can cram tens of thousands of circuits into tiny layered silicon chips that work dependably and use less power. The CPU coordinates of the various components of the computer. It determines which operations should be carried out and in what order. The CPU can also retrieve information from memory and can store the results of manipulations back into the memory unit for later reference.

Microcomputer,or micro for short,is a kind of computers. It was born in the early 1970s. The computer’s brain is called the microprocessor. That’s the main chip in a computer that does all the work. It’s also the center of activity on the motherboard. It interprets and executes the instructions which comprise a computer program. The CPU consists of an arithmetic unit and its associated circuitry,known as the arithmetic and logic unit,and an instruction counter and decoder. The CPU can perform only one operation at a time. Essentially,numerically coded instructions are stored in the computer’s high-speed storage,or primary storage. The CPU takes the instructions one at a time and executes them. The numerical coding of the instruction tells the CPU which operation to perform and where the data upon which the operation is to take place is stored.

The central processor of the micro,called the microprocessor,is built as a single semiconductor device;that is,the thousands of individual circuit elements necessary to perform all the logical and arithmetic functions of a computer are manufactured as a single chip. A complete microcomputer system is composed of a microprocessor, a memory and some peripheral equipment. The processor,memory and electronic controls for the peripheral equipment are usually put together on a single or on a few printed circuit boards. Systems using microprocessors can be hooked up together to do the works that until recently only minicomputer systems were capable of doing. Micros generally have somewhat simpler and less flexible instruction sets than minis, and were capable of doing. Micros generally have somewhat simpler and less flexible instruction sets than minis,and are typically much slower. Similarly,minis are available with much larger primary memory sizes. Micros are becoming more powerful and converging with minicomputer technology.

The microprocessor is essentially a small calculator. It does basic calculator like things-adding,subtracting,multiplying,and dividing values stored stored in the computer’s memory. Computer programs tell the microprocessor what to do,which is how everything works inside a PC.

Other terms for the microprocessor include the processor;the central processing unit unit(CPU);and the number of the microprocessor,such as 8008,80286,80386,80486,and so on. There are three main varieties of microprocessors for PCs: the 8088/8086;the 80286,or AT microprocessor;and the 386 family of microprocessor. There is no 586 microprocessor. Instead of calling it a number,the company that manufactured if(Intel)called it the Pentium. It’s the micro part of microprocessor that led old-time computer users to call PCs microprocessor. This may have applied to the first microprocessor,but today’s powerhouse PC’s are anything but micro.

KEY WORDS

单词	释义
calculator	计算器，计算者
circuitry	电路学，电路系统
dependably	可信任地
essentially	本质上，基本上
flexible	灵活的，易适应的
numerically	数字化地，用数表示地
peripheral	周围的，外围的
powerhouse	发电所，动力室
reference	参考，参照
relatively	相对地，比较地
somewhat	有点，有些，稍微

翻译：

微型计算机中的CPU实际上是一个比较小的集成电路或芯片。尽管大多数 CPU 芯片比一副眼镜的镜片还小，但它们所包含的电子元件在几十年前就足以装满一个房间。使用先进的微电子技术，制造商可以将数以万计的电路塞进微小的分层硅芯片中，这些芯片工作可靠且功耗更低。计算机各个组件的 CPU 坐标。它确定应该执行哪些操作以及以什么顺序执行。 CPU 还可以从内存中检索信息，并将操作结果存储回内存单元以供以后参考。

微型计算机，或简称微型，是计算机的一种。它诞生于 1970 年代初期。计算机的大脑被称为微处理器。这是计算机中完成所有工作的主芯片。它也是主板上的活动中心。它解释和执行构成计算机程序的指令。 CPU 由算术单元及其相关电路（称为算术和逻辑单元）以及指令计数器和解码器组成。 CPU 一次只能执行一项操作。本质上，数字编码指令存储在计算机的高速存储器或主存储器中。 CPU 一次接收一条指令并执行它们。指令的数字编码告诉 CPU 执行哪个操作，以及执行操作的数据存储在哪里。

微处理器的中央处理器，称为微处理器，被构建为单个半导体器件；也就是说，执行计算机的所有逻辑和算术功能所需的数千个单独的电路元件被制造为单个芯片。一个完整的微机系统由微处理器、存储器和一些外围设备组成。外围设备的处理器、存储器和电子控制装置通常放在一块或几块印刷电路板上。使用微处理器的系统可以连接在一起来完成直到最近只有小型计算机系统才能完成的工作。 Micros 的指令集通常比 minis 更简单、更不灵活，并且能够做到。与 minis 相比，Micros 的指令集通常更简单、更不灵活，而且速度通常要慢得多。同样，minis 也有更大的主内存大小。微型计算机正变得越来越强大，并与小型计算机技术融合。

微处理器本质上是一个小型计算器。它执行基本的计算器，例如存储在计算机内存中的值的加法、减法、乘法和除法。计算机程序告诉微处理器做什么，这就是 PC 内部的一切工作方式。

微处理器的其他术语包括处理器；中央处理单元（CPU）；以及微处理器的编号，如 8008、80286、80386、80486 等。用于 PC 的微处理器主要分为三种：8088/8086；80286 或 AT 微处理器；以及 386 系列微处理器。没有586微处理器。制造 if（英特尔）的公司没有将其称为数字，而是将其称为 Pentium。正是微处理器的微型部分导致旧时计算机用户将PC称为微处理器。这可能适用于第一个微处理器，但今天强大的 PC 绝不是微型计算机。