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PURPOSE:
This file is a proforma for the EEET2246 Laboratory Code Submission/Test 1.
This file defines the assessment task which is worth 10% of course in total - there is no
other documentation.
At the BASIC FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS level, your goal is to write a program that
takes two numbers from the command line and perform and arithmetic operations with them.
Additionally your program must be able to take three command line arguments where if the last
argument is 'a' an addition is performed, and if 's' then subtraction is performed
with the first two arguments.
At the FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS level you will be required to extend on the functionality so
that the third argument can also be 'm' for multiplication,'d' for division and 'p' for
exponential operations, using the first two arguments as the operands. Additionally, at this
level basic error detection and handling will be required.
The functionality of this lab is relatively simple: + - / * and "raised to the power of"
The emphasis in this lab is to achieve the BASIC FUNCTIONALITY REQUIREMENTS first. Once you
a basic program functioning then you should attempt the FUNCTIONALITY REQUIREMENTS and
develop your code so that it can handle a full range of error detection and handling.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___ GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS (mostly common to all three EEET2246 Laboratory Code Submissions):
G1. You must rename your file to lab1_1234567.cpp, where 1234567 is your student number.
Your filename MUST NEVER EVER contain any spaces. _under_score_is_Fine.
You do not need to include the 's' in front of your student number. Canvas will rename your
submission by adding a -1, -2 etc. if you resubmit your solution file - This is acceptable.
G2. Edit the name/email address string in the main() function to your student number,
student email and student name. The format of the student ID line is CSV (Comma Separated
Variables) with NO SPACES-
student_id,student_email,student_name
When the program is run without any operands i.e. simply the name of the executable such as:
lab1_1234567.exe
the program MUST print student ID string in Comma Separated Values (CSV) format with no
spaces. For example the following text should be outputted to the console updated with
your student details:
"1234567,s1234567@student.rmit.edu.au,FirstName_LastName"
G3. All outputs are a single error character or a numerical number, as specified by the
FUNCTIONAL REQURMENTS, followed by a linefeed ( endl or \n).
G4. DO NOT add more than what is specified to the expected console output. Do NOT add
additional information, text or comments to the output console that are not defined within
the SPECIFICATIONS/FUNCTIONAL REQURMENTS.
G5. DO NOT use 'cin', system("pause"), getchar(), gets(), etc. type functions. Do NOT ask
for user input from the keyboard. All input MUST be specified on the command line separated
by blank spaces (i.e. use the argv and argc input parameters).
G6. DO NOT use the characters: * / \ : ^ ? in your command line arguments as your user
input. These are special character and may not be processed as expected, potentially
resulting in undefined behaviour of your program.
G7. All input MUST be specified on the command line separated by blank spaces (i.e. use
the argc and argv[] input parameters). All input and output is case sensitive unless specified.
G8. You should use the Integrated Debugging Environment (IDE) to change input arguments during
the development process.
G9. When your code exits the 'main()' function using the 'return' command, you MUST
use zero as the return value. This requirement is for exiting the 'main()' function ONLY.
A return value other than zero will indicate that something went wrong to the Autotester and
no marks will be awarded.
G10. User-defined functions and/or class declarations must be written before the 'main()'
function. This is a requirement of the Autotester and failure to do so will result in your code
scoring 0% as it will not be compiled correctly by the Autotester. Do NOT put any functions/class
definitions after the 'main()' function or modify the comments and blank lines at the end of this
file.
G11. You MUST run this file as part of a Project - No other *.cpp or *.h files should be added
to your solution.
G12. You are not permitted to add any other #includes statements to your solution. The only
libraries permitted to be used are the ones predefined in this file.
G13. Under no circumstances is your code solution to contain any go_to labels - Please note that
the '_' has been added to this description so that this file does not flag the Autotester. Code that
contains go_to label like syntax will score 0% and will be treated as code that does not compile.
G14. Under no circumstances is your code solution to contain any exit_(0) type functions.
Please note that the '_' has been added to this description so that this file does not flag the
Autotester. Your solution must always exit with a return 0; in main(). Code that contains
exit_(0); label like syntax will score 0% and will be treated as code that does not compile.
G15. Under no circumstances is your code solution to contain an infinite loop constructs within it.
For example usage of while(1), for(int i; ; i++) or anything similar is not permitted. Code that
contains an infinite loop will result in a score of 0% for your assessment submission and will be
treated as code that does not compile.
G16. Under no circumstances is your code solution to contain any S_l_e_e_p() or D_e_l_a_y() like
statements - Please note that the '_' has been added to this description so that this file does not
flag the Autotester. You can use such statements during your development, however you must remove
delays or sleeps from your code prior to submission. This is important, as the Autotester will only
give your solution a limited number of seconds to complete (i.e. return 0 in main()). Failure for
your code to complete the required operation/s within the allotted execution window will result in
the Autotester scoring your code 0 marks for that test. To test if your code will execute in the
allotted execution window, check that it completes within a similar time frame as the provided sample
binary.
G17. Under no circumstances is your code solution to contain any characters from the extended ASCII
character set or International typeset characters. Although such characters may compile under a normal
system, they will result in your code potentially not compiling under the Autotester environment.
Therefore, please ensure that you only use characters: a ... z, A ... Z, 0 ... 9 as your variable
and function names or within any literal strings defined within your code. Literal strings can
contain '.', '_', '-', and other basic symbols.
G18. All output to console should be directed to the standard console (stdout) via cout. Do not use
cerr or clog to print to the console.
G19. The file you submit must compile without issues as a self contained *.cpp file. Code that
does not compile will be graded as a non-negotiable zero mark.
G20. All binary numbers within this document have the prefix 0b. This notation is not C++
compliant (depending on the C++ version), however is used to avoid confusion between decimal,
hexadecimal and binary number formats within the description and specification provided in
this document. For example the number 10 in decimal could be written as 0xA in hexadecimal
or 0b1010 in binary. It can equally be written with leading zeroes such as: 0x0A or
0b00001010. For output to the console screen you should only ever display the numerical
characters only and omit the 0x or 0b prefixes (unless it is specifically requested).
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___ BASIC FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS (doing these alone will only get you to approximately 40%):
M1. For situation where NO command line arguments are passed to your program:
M1.1 Your program must display your correct student details in the format:
"3939723,s3939723@student.rmit.edu.au,Yang_Yang"
M2. For situation where TWO command line arguments are passed to your program:
M2.1 Your program must perform an addition operation, taking the first
two arguments as the operands and display only the result to the
console with a new line character.
Example1: lab1_1234567.exe 10 2
which should calculate 10 + 2 = 12, i.e. the last (and only) line on the console will be:
12
M3. For situations where THREE command line arguments are passed to your program:
M3.1 If the third argument is 'a', your program must perform an addition
operation, taking the first two arguments as the operands and display
only the result to the console with a new line character.
M3.2 If the third argument is 's', your program must perform a subtraction
operation, taking the first two arguments as the operands and display
only the result to the console with a new line character. The second input argument
should be subtracted from the first input argument.
M4. For situations where less than TWO or more than THREE command line arguments are
passed to your program, your program must display the character 'P' to the console
with a new line character.
M5. For specifications M1 to M4 inclusive:
M5.1 Program must return 0 under all situations at exit.
M5.2 Program must be able to handle integer arguments.
M5.3 Program must be able to handle floating point arguments.
M5.4 Program must be able to handle one integer and one floating point
argument in any order.
Example2: lab1_1234567.exe 10 2 s
which should calculate 10 - 2 = 8, i.e. the last (and only) line on the console will be:
8
Example3: lab1_1234567.exe 10 2
which should calculate 10 + 2 = 12, i.e. the last (and only) line on the console will be:
12
Example4: lab1_1234567.exe 10 4 a
which should calculate 10 + 4 = 14, i.e. the last (and only) line on the console will be:
14
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___ FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS (to get over approximately 50%):
E1. For situations where THREE command line arguments (other than 'a' or 's') are passed
to your program:
E1.1 If the third argument is 'm', your program must perform a multiplication
operation, taking the first two arguments as the operands and display
only the result to the console with a new line character.
E1.2 If the third argument is 'd', your program must perform a division
operation, taking the first two arguments as the operands and display
only the result to the console with a new line character.
E1.3 If the third argument is 'p', your program must perform an exponential
operation, taking the first argument as the base operand and the second as
the exponent operand. The result must be display to the console with
a new line character. Hint: Consider using the pow() function, which has the
definition:
double pow(double base, double exponent);
Example5: lab1_1234567.exe 10 2 d
which should calculate 10 / 2 = 5, i.e. the last (and only) line on the console will be:
5
Example6: lab1_1234567.exe 10 2 p
which should calculate 10 to power of 2 = 100, i.e. the last (and only) line on the console will be:
100
NOTE1: DO NOT use the character ^ in your command line arguments as your user input.
Question: Why don't we use characters such as + - * / ^ ? to determine the operation?
Answer: Arguments passed via the command line are processed by the operating system before
being passed to your program. During this process, special characters such as + - * / ^ ? are
stripped from the input argument stream. Therefore, the input characters: + - * / ^ ? will not
be tested for by the autotester. See sections G6 and E7.
NOTE2: the pow() and powl() function/s only work correctly for given arguments. Hence, your
code should output and error if there is a domain error or undefined subset of values. For
example, if the result does not produce a real number you code should handle this as an error.
This means that if the base is negative you can't accept and exponent between (but not including)
-1 and 1. If you get this then, output a MURPHY's LAW error: "Y" and return 0;
NOTE3: zero to the power of zero is also undefined, and should also be treated MURPHY's LAW
error. So return "Y" and return 0; In Visual Studio, the 0 to the power of 0 will return 1,
so you will need to catch this situation manually, else your code will likely calculate the
value as 1.
___ REQUIRED ERROR HANDLING (to get over approximately 70%):
The following text lists errors you must detect and a priority of testing.
NB: order of testing is important as each test is slight more difficult than
the previous test.
All outputs should either be numerical or upper-case single characters (followed
by a new line). Note that case is important: In C, 'V' is not the same as 'v'.
(No quotes are required on the output).
E2. Valid operator input:
If the third input argument is not a valid operation selection, the output shall be 'V'.
Valid operators are ONLY (case sensitive):
a addition
s subtraction
m multiplication
d division
p exponentiation i.e. to the power of: 2 to the power of 3 = 8 (base exponent p)
E3. Basic invalid number detection (Required):
Valid numbers are all numbers that the "average Engineering graduate" in Australia
would consider valid. Therefore if the first two arguments are not valid decimal
numbers, the output shall be 'X'. For example:
-130 is valid
+100 is valid
1.3 is valid
3 is valid
0.3 is valid
.3 is valid
ABC123 is not valid
1.3.4 is not valid
123abc is not valid
___ ERROR HANDLING (not marked by the autotester):
E4. Intermediate invalid number detection (NOT TESTED BY AUTOTESTER - for your consideration only):
If the first two arguments are not valid decimal numbers, the output shall be 'X'.
Using comma punctuated numbers and scientific formatted numbers are considered valid.
For example:
0000.111 is valid
3,000 is valid - NB: atof() will read this as '3' not as 3000
1,000.9 is valid - NB: atof() will read this as '1' not as 1000.9
1.23e2 is valid
2E2 is valid
-3e-0.5 is not valid (an integer must follow after the e or E for floating point number to be valid)
2E2.1 is not valid
e-1 is not valid
.e3 is not valid
E5. Advanced invalid number detection (NOT TESTED BY AUTOTESTER - for your consideration only):
If the first two arguments are not valid decimal numbers, the output shall be 'X'.
1.3e-1 is valid
1,00.0 is valid - NB: if the comma is not removed atof() will read this as '1' not as 100
+212+21-2 is not valid - NB: mathematical operation on a number of numbers, not ONE number
5/2 is not valid - NB: mathematical operation on a number of numbers, not ONE number
HINT: consider the function atof(), which has the definition: double atof (const char* str);
Checking the user input for multiple operators (i.e. + or -) is quite a difficult task.
One method may involve writing a 'for' loop which steps through the input argv[] counting
the number of operators. This process could also be used to count for decimal points and the like.
The multiple operator check should be considered an advanced task and developed once the rest
of the code is operational.
E6. Input number range checking:
All input numbers must be between (and including) +2^16 (65536) or -2^16 (-65536).
If the operand is out of range i.e. too small or too big, the output shall be 'R'.
LARGE NUMBERS: is 1.2e+999 acceptable input ? what happens if you enter such a number ?
try and see.
Hint: #INF error - where and when does it come up ?
SMALL NUMBERS: is 1.2e-999 acceptable input ? what happens if you enter such a number ?
try and see. Test it by writing your own test program.
E7. ERROR checks which will NOT be performed are:
E7.1 Input characters such as:
*.* or / or \ or : or any of these characters: * / ^ ?
will not be tested for.
E7.2 Range check: some computer systems accept numbers of size 9999e999999
while others flag and infinity error. An infinity error becomes an invalid
input Therefore: input for valid numbers will only be tested to the maximum
9.9e99 (Note: 9.9e99 is out of range and your program should output 'R')
E8. Division by zero should produce output 'M'
E9. Error precedence:
If multiple errors occur during a program execution event, your program should only display
one error code followed by a newline character and then exit (using a return 0; statement).
In general, the precedence of the error reported to the console should be displayed in the
order that they appear within this proforma. However to clarify the exact order or precedence
for the error characters, the precedence of the displayed error code should occur in this order:
'P' - Incorrect number of input command line arguments (see M4)
'X' - Invalid numerical command line argument
'V' - Invalid third input argument
'R' - operand (command line argument) value out of range
'M' - Division by zero
'Y' - MURPHY'S LAW (undefined error)
Therefore if an invalid numerical command line argument and an invalid operation argument
are passed to the program, the first error code should be displayed to the console, which
in this case would be 'X'. Displaying 'V' or 'Y' would be result in a loss of marks.
E10. ANYTHING ELSE THAT CAN GO WRONG (MURPHY'S LAW TEST):
If there are any other kinds of errors not covered here, the output
shall be 'Y'.
Rhetorical question: What for example are the error codes that the Power
function returns ? If this happens then the output shall be 'Y'. See section E1.3, NOTE2.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___ HINTS:
- Use debug mode and a breakpoint at the return statement prior to program
finish in main.
- What string conversion routines, do you know how to convert strings to number?
Look carefully as they will be needed to convert a command line
parameter to a number and also check for errors.
- ERROR CHECKING: The basic programming rules are simple (as covered in lectures):
1) check that the input is valid.
2) check that the output is valid.
3) if any library function returns an error code USE IT !!! CHECK FOR IT !!!
- Most conversion routines do have inbuilt error checking - USE IT !!!
That means: test for the error condition and take some action if the error is true.
If that means more than 50% of your code is error checking, then that's
the way it has to be.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
*/
// These are the libraries you are allowed to use to write your solution. Do not add any
// additional libraries as the auto-tester will be locked down to the following:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <time.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <errno.h> // leave this one in please, it is required by the Autotester!
// Do NOT Add or remove any #include statements to this project!!
// All library functions required should be covered by the above
// include list. Do not add a *.h file for this project as all your
// code should be included in this file.
using namespace std;
const double MAXRANGE = pow(2.0, 16.0); // 65536
const double MINRANGE = -pow(2.0, 16.0);
// All functions to be defined below and above main() - NO exceptions !!! Do NOT
// define function below main() as your code will fail to compile in the auto-tester.
// WRITE ANY USER DEFINED FUNCTIONS HERE (optional)
// all function definitions and prototypes to be defined above this line - NO exceptions !!!
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
// ALL CODE (excluding variable declarations) MUST come after the following 'if' statement
if (argc == 1)
{
// When run with just the program name (no parameters) your code MUST print
// student ID string in CSV format. i.e.
// "studentNumber,student_email,student_name"
// eg: "3939723,s3939723@student.rmit.edu.au,Yang_Yang"
// No parameters on command line just the program name
// Edit string below: eg: "studentNumber,student_email,student_name"
cout << "3939723,s3939723@student.rmit.edu.au,Yang_Yang" << endl;
// Failure of your program to do this cout statement correctly will result in a
// flat 10% marks penalty! Check this outputs correctly when no arguments are
// passed to your program before you submit your file! Do it as your last test!
// The convention is to return Zero to signal NO ERRORS (please do not change it).
return 0;
}
//--- START YOUR CODE HERE.
// The convention is to return Zero to signal NO ERRORS (please do not change it).
// If you change it the AutoTester will assume you have made some major error.
return 0;
} // No code to be placed below this line - all functions to be defined above main() function.
// End of file.
本文探讨了浮点数运算中的误差来源及其可能导致的问题，如精度损失和数值稳定性问题，并提供了一些避免这些陷阱的方法。
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