线程池代码完整剖析(一)
一、概述
Jetty一个重要的组件就是线程池,本文主要是围绕源代码是怎样开发一个线程池,因为有一个任务需要处理,就直接从线程池里面取出一个线程,这样就加快应用程序的速度。
要开发一个线程池主要要注意的几个地方:
1、先要定义一个集合,这个集合主要是保存线程池里面的线程数目
2、因为线程池里面的线程不可能所有的线程都需要工作,所以要在定义一个集合专门用来保存线程池里面空闲的线程
3、然后,开发中不可能线程越多越好,这样会影响应用程序的性能,所以必须要定义变量,线程池中最大的线程和最小的线 程数目
4、如果任务的请求量已经把线程池中的线程数目都占有(没有了空闲线程),那么必须定义一个队列:把请求的任务存放在队列中,等有空闲的线程,在从队列中取出来。
5、如果队列的任务已经很多(必须限制队列的长度)来不及处理,这样会影响任务处理的速度
6、如果线程池中的数目空闲线程已经达到了线程池中最小的数目时候,必须要清理一些空闲的线程,就需要定义线程的生命周 期。
7、必须要妥善的处理线程池中的数目,在什么时候线程池的数目要增加,在什么情况下线程池中的数目要减少
8、如何安全的关闭一个线程
9、涉及到多线程问题,代码块如何进行同步
在这里举出了九个问题,读者可以带着九个问题思考,看Jetty线程池代码是如何解决。
二、讲述源代码
Jetty中实现线程池就用了一个接口和一个实现的类。
下面为了说明问题先讲一个组件:LifeCycle--就是Jetty是如何优雅的实现每个组件开启和关闭
下面看LifeCycle接口源代码:
public interface LifeCycle
{
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
/**
* Starts the component.
* @throws Exception If the component fails to start
* @see #isStarted()
* @see #stop()
* @see #isFailed()
*/
public void start()
throws Exception;
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
/**
* Stops the component.
* The component may wait for current activities to complete
* normally, but it can be interrupted.
* @exception Exception If the component fails to stop
* @see #isStopped()
* @see #start()
* @see #isFailed()
*/
public void stop()
throws Exception;
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
/**
* @return true if the component is starting or has been started.
*/
public boolean isRunning();
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
/**
* @return true if the component has been started.
* @see #start()
* @see #isStarting()
*/
public boolean isStarted();
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
/**
* @return true if the component is starting.
* @see #isStarted()
*/
public boolean isStarting();
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
/**
* @return true if the component is stopping.
* @see #isStopped()
*/
public boolean isStopping();
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
/**
* @return true if the component has been stopped.
* @see #stop()
* @see #isStopping()
*/
public boolean isStopped();
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
/**
* @return true if the component has failed to start or has failed to stop.
*/
public boolean isFailed();
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
public void addLifeCycleListener(LifeCycle.Listener listener);
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
public void removeLifeCycleListener(LifeCycle.Listener listener);
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
/** Listener.
* A listener for Lifecycle events.
*/
public interface Listener extends EventListener
{
public void lifeCycleStarting(LifeCycle event);
public void lifeCycleStarted(LifeCycle event);
public void lifeCycleFailure(LifeCycle event,Throwable cause);
public void lifeCycleStopping(LifeCycle event);
public void lifeCycleStopped(LifeCycle event);
}
}
该接口里面有一个内部接口Listener,主要是外面注册监听事件:组件是正在开始、已经开始、正在停止、已经停止、失败了,全部依赖这五个方法。
下面是实现这个接口的抽象类:AbstractLifeCycle
代码请看下面:
public abstract class AbstractLifeCycle implements LifeCycle
{
//这个也是抽象类加锁的一个解决方案
private Object _lock = new Object();
private final int FAILED = -1, STOPPED = 0, STARTING = 1, STARTED = 2, STOPPING = 3;
private transient int _state = STOPPED;
protected LifeCycle.Listener[] _listeners;
protected void doStart() throws Exception
{
}
protected void doStop() throws Exception
{
}
public final void start() throws Exception
{
synchronized (this)
{
try
{
if (_state == STARTED || _state == STARTING)
return;
setStarting();
doStart();
Log.debug("started {}",this);
setStarted();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
setFailed(e);
throw e;
}
catch (Error e)
{
setFailed(e);
throw e;
}
}
}
public final void stop() throws Exception
{
synchronized (_lock)
{
try
{
if (_state == STOPPING || _state == STOPPED)
return;
setStopping();
doStop();
Log.debug("stopped {}",this);
setStopped();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
setFailed(e);
throw e;
}
catch (Error e)
{
setFailed(e);
throw e;
}
}
}
public boolean isRunning()
{
return _state == STARTED || _state == STARTING;
}
public boolean isStarted()
{
return _state == STARTED;
}
public boolean isStarting()
{
return _state == STARTING;
}
public boolean isStopping()
{
return _state == STOPPING;
}
public boolean isStopped()
{
return _state == STOPPED;
}
public boolean isFailed()
{
return _state == FAILED;
}
public void addLifeCycleListener(LifeCycle.Listener listener)
{
_listeners = (LifeCycle.Listener[])LazyList.addToArray(_listeners,listener,LifeCycle.Listener.class);
}
public void removeLifeCycleListener(LifeCycle.Listener listener)
{
LazyList.removeFromArray(_listeners,listener);
}
private void setStarted()
{
_state = STARTED;
if (_listeners != null)
{
for (int i = 0; i < _listeners.length; i++)
{
_listeners[i].lifeCycleStarted(this);
}
}
}
private void setStarting()
{
_state = STARTING;
if (_listeners != null)
{
for (int i = 0; i < _listeners.length; i++)
{
_listeners[i].lifeCycleStarting(this);
}
}
}
private void setStopping()
{
_state = STOPPING;
if (_listeners != null)
{
for (int i = 0; i < _listeners.length; i++)
{
_listeners[i].lifeCycleStopping(this);
}
}
}
private void setStopped()
{
_state = STOPPED;
if (_listeners != null)
{
for (int i = 0; i < _listeners.length; i++)
{
_listeners[i].lifeCycleStopped(this);
}
}
}
private void setFailed(Throwable th)
{
Log.warn("failed "+this+": "+th);
Log.debug(th);
_state = FAILED;
if (_listeners != null)
{
for (int i = 0; i < _listeners.length; i++)
{
_listeners[i].lifeCycleFailure(this,th);
}
}
}
}
private final int FAILED = -1, STOPPED = 0, STARTING = 1, STARTED = 2, STOPPING = 3;
private transient int _state = STOPPED;
protected LifeCycle.Listener[] _listeners;
_state是组件的状态变量,变量的值在上面所示,而组件所监听的事件是用一个数组表示 LifeCycle.Listener[] _listeners,还需要注意的是该抽象类定义了一个模板方法,doStart()和doStop()方法,具体代码留给实现的子类实现。
该设计就是典型的设计模式模板方法。。。。。还要注意的是LazyList类是Jetty定义的一个类,封装了一个集合。
下面具体剖析请看续集。。。。