SpringBoot中多数据源配置

Spring Boot 数据源动态切换与事务管理实践

最新推荐文章于 2025-09-08 16:40:19 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2025-09-08 16:40:19 发布 · 378 阅读

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文章标签：

#spring boot #java #spring

本文介绍了如何在Spring Boot中配置和使用动态数据源，包括数据源信息配置、数据源切换注解、枚举、数据库持有、数据源路由、动态数据源配置、JDBC配置和AOP切面。在实际应用中，数据源切换在同一个事务中出现失败的问题，这可能涉及到事务的一致性和数据源管理的复杂性。

文章目录

1、数据源信息配置
2、数据源切换注解
3、数据源枚举
4、数据库持有
5、数据源路由：AbstractRoutingDataSource
6、动态数据源配置
7、JDBC配置
8、AOP切面
9、问题

1、数据源信息配置

spring:
  datasource:
    master:
      url:  jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/master?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
      username: demo2_admin
      password: xxxxxxxx
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    slaver:
      url:  jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/slaver?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
      username: demo1_admin
      password: yyyyyyyy
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

2、数据源切换注解

@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
public @interface DB{

    EmDSType value() default EmDSType.MASTER;

}

3、数据源枚举

public enum EmDSType {

    //生产环境
    MASTER("master"),
    //预发环境
    SLAVER("slaver");

    private String name;

    EmDSType(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }


    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
}

4、数据库持有

public class DataSourceHolder {

    private static final ThreadLocal<String> DS_HOLDER = new ThreadLocal<>();

    /**
    * 设置数据源
    * @param dsType
    */
    public static void setDataSource(EmDSType dsType) {
        DS_HOLDER.set(dsType.getName());
    }

    /**
    * 获取数据源
    * @return
    */
    public static String getDataSource() {
        return DS_HOLDER.get();
    }

    /**
    * 清理数据源
    */
    public static void clearDataSource() {
        DS_HOLDER.remove();
    }
}

5、数据源路由：AbstractRoutingDataSource

public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DynamicDataSource.class);

    @Override
    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
        LOGGER.info("切换数据源：{}", DataSourceHolder.getDataSource());
        return DataSourceHolder.getDataSource();
    }
}

6、动态数据源配置

@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {


    /**
    * 主数据源
    * @return
    */master")
    @ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.master")
    public DataSource master() {
        return new DruidDataSource();
    }

    /**
    * 从数据源
    * @return
    */
    @Bean("slaver")
    @ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.slaver")
    public DataSource slaver() {
        return new DruidDataSource();
    }

    /**
    * 优先加载数据源
    * @return
    */
    @Bean("dynamicDataSource")
    @Primary
    public DataSource dynamicDataSource() {
        DynamicDataSource dataSource = new DynamicDataSource();
        dataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(master());
        Map<Object, Object> dataSourceMap = Maps.newHashMap();
        dataSourceMap.put(EmDSType.MASTER.getName(), master());
        dataSourceMap.put(EmDSType.SLAVER.getName(), slaver());
        dataSource.setTargetDataSources(dataSourceMap);
        return dataSource;
    }

    /**
    * 事务管理
    * @return
    */
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dynamicDataSource());
    }

}

7、JDBC配置

@Configuration
public class JdbcTemplateConfig {

@Bean
@Primary
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplateInner(@Qualifier("inner")DataSource inner) {
return new JdbcTemplate(inner);
}

@Bean
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplateOuter(@Qualifier("outer")DataSource outer) {
return new JdbcTemplate(outer);
}
}

8、AOP切面

@Aspect
@Component
@Order(1)
public class DataSourceAspect {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DataSourceAspect.class);

    @Pointcut("@annotation(com.jd.jx.lowcode.datasource.annotation.DB)")
    public void pointCut() {}

    @Before("pointCut()")
    public void before(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
        Object target = joinPoint.getTarget();
        MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature)joinPoint.getSignature();
        EmDSType dataSource = EmDSType.PROD;
        try {
            Class<?> aClass = target.getClass();
            if (aClass.isAnnotationPresent(DB.class)) {
                DB annotation = aClass.getAnnotation(DB.class);
                dataSource = annotation.value();
            }else {
                Method method = signature.getMethod();
                if (method.isAnnotationPresent(DB.class)) {
                    DB annotation = method.getAnnotation(DB.class);
                    dataSource = annotation.value();
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        LOGGER.info("aop切换数据源：{}", dataSource.getName());

        DataSourceHolder.setDataSource(dataSource);
    }

    @After("pointCut()")
    public void after() {
        DataSourceHolder.clearDataSource();
    }
}