spring进阶(三)--bean自动注入混乱的问题

本文解决了Spring MVC项目中UserService依赖注入TbUserMapper失败的问题,可能是由于扫描包路径或配置文件路径设置不正确导致。

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 org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'userService': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.whir.springmvc.mapper.TbUserMapper com.whir.springmvc.service.impl.UserServiceImpl.tbUserMapper; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.whir.springmvc.mapper.TbUserMapper] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:292)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1185)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:537)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:475)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:304)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:300)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:195)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:703)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:760)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:482)
	at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:403)
	at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:306)
	at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:106)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4779)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5273)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:895)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:871)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:615)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1099)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1621)
	at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.whir.springmvc.mapper.TbUserMapper com.whir.springmvc.service.impl.UserServiceImpl.tbUserMapper; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.whir.springmvc.mapper.TbUserMapper] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:508)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:289)
	... 26 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.whir.springmvc.mapper.TbUserMapper] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1103)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:963)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:858)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:480)
	... 28 more
五月 04, 2017 3:18:45 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStart
严重: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'userService': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.whir.springmvc.mapper.TbUserMapper com.whir.springmvc.service.impl.UserServiceImpl.tbUserMapper; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.whir.springmvc.mapper.TbUserMapper] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:292)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1185)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:537)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:475)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:304)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:300)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:195)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:703)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:760)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:482)
	at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:403)
	at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:306)
	at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:106)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4779)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5273)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:895)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:871)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:615)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1099)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1621)
	at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.whir.springmvc.mapper.TbUserMapper com.whir.springmvc.service.impl.UserServiceImpl.tbUserMapper; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.whir.springmvc.mapper.TbUserMapper] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:508)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:289)
	... 26 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.whir.springmvc.mapper.TbUserMapper] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1103)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:963)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:858)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:480)
	... 28 more



解决方法:

1. 扫描包路径错误:


2. 加载配置文件的路径错误


<think>我们正在解决Spring无法自动装配ResumeServiceImpl类型Bean问题。根据用户描述,问题出现在使用@Autowired注解注入ResumeServiceImpl时失败。可能的原因及解决方案:1.**包扫描问题**:Spring没有扫描到ResumeServiceImpl所在的包,因此无法创建Bean-解决方案:确保在配置类(如使用@SpringBootApplication的类)的包或其子包中。如果不是,请使用@ComponentScan注解手动添加扫描路径。2.**缺少注解**:ResumeServiceImpl类上可能没有添加Spring的注解(如@Service,@Component等),导致Spring无法识别。-解决方案:在ResumeServiceImpl类上添加适当的注解,例如:```java@ServicepublicclassResumeServiceImplimplementsResumeService{//...}```3.**多个同类型Bean**:如果存在多个ResumeServiceImpl类型的BeanSpring无法确定注入哪一个。-解决方案:使用@Qualifier注解指定Bean的名称,或者确保只有一个Bean被定义。4.**依赖冲突**:可能存在版本冲突或依赖缺失。-解决方案:检查pom.xml或build.gradle文件,确保所有Spring相关依赖版本一致且完整。5.**Bean被代理问题**:如果使用了AOP,可能会因为代理导致Bean类型不匹配。-解决方案:尝试使用@Resource注解代替@Autowired,或者调整代理设置。6.**循环依赖**:如果ResumeServiceImpl与其他Bean存在循环依赖,可能导致注入失败。-解决方案:检查循环依赖,尝试使用setter注入或@Lazy注解解决。7.**Bean的作用域问题**:如果Bean的作用域不是Singleton,可能没有被正确创建。-解决方案:检查作用域设置,确保在需要注入的地方可用。8.**测试环境问题**:在测试类中可能没有正确配置。-解决方案:如果是测试环境,确保测试类上有@SpringBootTest注解。参考用户提供的代码片段(虽然与负载均衡相关,但展示了配置类的写法):在配置类中,他们使用@Bean注解创建了RestTemplate的Bean。但是,对于ResumeServiceImpl,通常我们使用@Component或@Service注解,而不是在配置类中显式定义(除非必要)。因此,重点检查ResumeServiceImpl是否在正确的包路径下,并且有@Service等注解。如果以上都检查无误,可以查看具体的错误信息(如NoSuchBeanDefinitionException),根据异常信息进一步排查。示例代码片段(ResumeServiceImpl):```java@ServicepublicclassResumeServiceImplimplementsResumeService{//实现方法}```配置类(确保扫描到):```java@SpringBootApplicationpublicclassMyApplication{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){SpringApplication.run(MyApplication.class,args);}}```如果ResumeServiceImpl不在MyApplication所在包及其子包下,需要添加@ComponentScan:```java@SpringBootApplication@ComponentScan(basePackages={"com.example.resume","com.example.main"})publicclassMyApplication{//...}```最后,如果使用XML配置,请确保在XML中配置了Bean或启用了注解扫描。希望这些解决方案能帮助您解决问题。§§相关问题§§1.如何解决Spring中的NoSuchBeanDefinitionException异常?2.Spring中@ComponentScan注解的使用方法?3.如何解决Spring的循环依赖问题?4.@Autowired和@Resource注解有什么区别?</think>### Spring无法自动装配ResumeServiceImpl类型Bean的原因及解决方案 #### 一、常见原因分析 1. **包扫描问题** Spring未扫描到`ResumeServiceImpl`所在的包,导致无法创建Bean- 检查启动类是否在顶级包路径下(如`com.example`) - 确认启动类有`@ComponentScan`或`@SpringBootApplication`(包含扫描功能) 2. **Bean定义缺失** - `ResumeServiceImpl`类缺少`@Service`、`@Component`等注解 - 配置文件(XML/Java Config)中未声明Bean 3. **依赖冲突** - 存在多个`ResumeService`实现类导致类型歧义 - 解决方案:使用`@Qualifier("resumeServiceImpl")`明确指定 4. **作用域不匹配** - `ResumeServiceImpl`使用`@Scope("prototype")`但注入点未配置 - 解决方案:配合`@Lookup`注解或调整作用域 5. **循环依赖** `ResumeServiceImpl`与依赖对象相互引用导致初始化失败 - 解决方案:使用setter注入代替构造器注入 #### 二、解决方案 **步骤1:检查注解配置** ```java // 确保实现类有正确注解 @Service // 或 @Component public class ResumeServiceImpl implements ResumeService { // 实现代码 } ``` **步骤2:验证包扫描范围** ```java @SpringBootApplication @ComponentScan(basePackages = { "com.yourpackage.service", // ResumeServiceImpl所在包 "com.yourpackage.main" // 主启动类包 }) public class Application { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); } } ``` **步骤3:处理依赖歧义** ```java @Autowired @Qualifier("resumeServiceImpl") // 明确指定Bean名称 private ResumeService resumeService; ``` **步骤4:检查依赖完整性** - 确保`ResumeServiceImpl`所有依赖项均可注入 - 避免在构造器中调用未初始化的依赖(使用`@PostConstruct`替代) **步骤5:查看日志关键信息** 关注启动日志中的以下错误类型: ``` NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'ResumeService' UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name '...' ``` #### 进阶排查 1. **Bean名称冲突** 通过`ApplicationContext.getBeanDefinitionNames()`检查所有Bean定义 2. **代理问题** - 若使用AOP/CGLIB代理,尝试添加`@Scope(proxyMode = ScopedProxyMode.INTERFACES)` 3. **模块化应用** 在Spring Boot多模块项目中: ```java @SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackageClasses = { ResumeServiceImpl.class, OtherConfig.class }) ``` 4. **构建工具过滤** 检查Maven/Gradle是否过滤掉`**/impl/*`目录: ```xml <!-- Maven示例 --> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.class</include> <include>**/impl/*</include> <!-- 确保包含 --> </includes> </resource> </resources> ``` #### 四、预防措施 1. 使用构造函数注入(推荐): ```java @Service public class ResumeServiceImpl { private final Dependency dep; // 构造器自动装配 public ResumeServiceImpl(Dependency dep) { this.dep = dep; } } ``` 2. 单元测试验证装配: ```java @SpringBootTest class ResumeServiceTest { @Autowired // 测试能否注入 private ResumeService resumeService; } ``` > **关键提示**:80%的装配问题可通过检查包扫描范围和注解配置解决。若仍存在问题,建议通过`@ConditionalOnProperty`分阶段启用Bean调试[^1]。
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