is-a,has-a,like-a是什么

本文详细解析面向对象设计中的is-a、has-a、like-a概念,通过实例介绍它们的含义及应用场景,帮助读者掌握面向对象设计的核心思想。

Java千百问_05面向对象(006)_is-a,has-a,like-a是什么

点击进入_很多其它_Java千百问

1、is-a,has-a,like-a是什么

在面向对象设计的领域里,有若干种设计思路,主要有例如以下三种: 
is-ahas-alike-a 
java中在类、接口、抽象类中有非常多体现。


了解java看这里:什么是Java 
了解类和对象看这里:类、对象究竟有什么秘密 
了解接口和抽象类看这里:接口和抽象类有什么差别

2、is-a是什么

is-a。顾名思义,是一个。代表继承关系


假设A is-a B,那么B就是A的父类。 
一个类全然包括还有一个类的全部属性及行为。 
比如PC机是计算机,工作站也是计算机,PC机和工作站是两种不同类型的计算机。但都继承了计算机的共同特性。因此在用Java语言实现时,应该将PC机和工作站定义成两种类,均继承计算机类。 
了解很多其它继承看这里:java类的继承有什么意义

3、has-a是什么

has-a,顾名思义。有一个。代表从属关系。 
假设A has a B,那么B就是A的组成部分。 
同一种类的对象,通过它们的属性的不同值来差别。


比如一台PC机的操作系统是Windows,还有一台PC机的操作系统是Linux。

操作系统是PC机的一个成员变量,依据这一成员变量的不同值,能够区分不同的PC机对象。

4、 like-a是什么

like-a。顾名思义。像一个,代表组合关系。 
假设A like a B,那么B就是A的接口。 
新类型有老类型的接口,但还包括其它函数,所以不能说它们全然同样。 
比如一台手机能够说是一个微型计算机,可是手机的通讯功能显然不是计算机具备的行为,所以手机继承了计算机的特性,同一时候须要实现通讯功能。而通讯功能须要作为单独接口。而不是计算机的行为。

5、is-a,has-a,like-a怎样应用

假设你确定两件对象之间是is-a的关系,那么此时你应该使用继承。比方菱形、圆形和方形都是形状的一种。那么他们都应该从形状类继承。


假设你确定两件对象之间是has-a的关系,那么此时你应该使用聚合。比方电脑是由显示器、CPU、硬盘等组成的。那么你应该把显示器、CPU、硬盘这些类聚合成电脑类。 
假设你确定两件对象之间是like-a的关系,那么此时你应该使用组合。比方空调继承于制冷机,但它同一时候有加热功能。那么你应该把让空调继承制冷机类,并实现加热接口。

C# is a versatile and powerful programming language that has evolved significantly since its introduction. It offers a wide array of features that make it a compelling choice for developers. Below are some key features of the C# programming language, with comparisons to similar features in other languages. ### Object-Oriented Programming C# supports object-oriented programming (OOP) principles, including encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Classes and objects are fundamental to C# and allow for the creation of modular programs and reusable code[^3]. Similar to Java, C# uses a class-based approach to OOP, where classes are used to define the structure and behavior of objects. ### Type Safety C# is a type-safe language, which means that the compiler ensures that operations are performed on compatible data types. This helps prevent many common programming errors that can occur when working with incompatible types. In contrast, languages like C++ offer more flexibility but at the cost of type safety. ### Garbage Collection C# employs automatic memory management through garbage collection, which helps manage the allocation and release of memory resources. This feature is similar to Java and is in contrast to languages like C and C++, where developers must manually manage memory allocation and deallocation. ### LINQ (Language Integrated Query) C# introduced LINQ, which allows developers to query data directly within the language using a SQL-like syntax. This feature simplifies data manipulation and is integrated into the language itself, making it more intuitive and easier to use compared to external query languages[^2]. ### Partial Classes and Methods C# 2.0 introduced partial classes and methods, allowing the definition of a class to be split across multiple files. This feature is particularly useful in large projects where multiple developers may be working on different parts of the same class simultaneously[^2]. ### Delegates and Events C# supports delegates and events, which are used to implement event-driven programming. Delegates are similar to function pointers in C++ but are type-safe and secure. Events are a special kind of delegate that can be used to notify other objects of changes or actions. ### Generics C# supports generics, which allow for the creation of type-safe collections and methods that can work with any data type. This feature is similar to templates in C++ but provides better type safety and performance. ### Asynchronous Programming C# includes support for asynchronous programming through the `async` and `await` keywords, which simplify the process of writing non-blocking code. This feature is comparable to JavaScript's Promises and async/await syntax. ### Nullable Value Types C# allows value types to be nullable, which means that they can represent the absence of a value. This feature is useful when working with databases or other data sources that may contain null values. ### Code Snippet Example Here is a simple example demonstrating the use of a class in C#: ```csharp public class Person { public string Name { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } public void Introduce() { Console.WriteLine($"Hello, my name is {Name} and I am {Age} years old."); } } // Usage Person person = new Person { Name = "Alice", Age = 30 }; person.Introduce(); ``` This code defines a `Person` class with properties `Name` and `Age`, along with a method `Introduce` that prints a message to the console. ###
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值