在ENSP环境下的静态路由综合实验

这是一个关于配置华为路由器的实验,涉及IP地址分配、环回接口设置、静态路由及默认路由的配置,以实现网络连接和避免环路问题。实验中使用了5台3260路由器,并通过GigabitEthernet接口进行互连,确保了各节点间的通信。

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实验拓扑如下图

 实验器材:5台3260路由器

 将IP划分好之后,就是配置各个路由器了,配置代码如下:

AR1:


<Huawei>sys	
<Huawei>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int lo	
[Huawei]int LoopBack 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip ad	
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[Huawei-LoopBack0]
[Huawei-LoopBack0]
[Huawei-LoopBack0]q
[Huawei]int lo	
[Huawei]int LoopBack 1
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip ad	
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28
[Huawei-LoopBack1]q
[Huawei]int	
[Huawei]interface g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad	
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[Huawei]int	
[Huawei]interface g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad	
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[Huawei]dis	
[Huawei]display ip int	
[Huawei]display ip interface b	
[Huawei]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.1/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.5/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         192.168.1.33/28      up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         192.168.1.49/28      up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
[Huawei]
//以上为配置各个端口以及环回地址
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip rot	
[Huawei]ip rou	
[Huawei]ip route-s	
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6
//以上两条为缺省路由,为解决第二个问题
[Huawei]ip ro	
[Huawei]ip route-s	
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2
[Huawei]
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
//以上为配置静态路由
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip ro	
[Huawei]ip route-s	
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 null 0
//以上为避免环路问题

AR2:

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int ;o	
[Huawei]int lo	
[Huawei]int LoopBack 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip ad	
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[Huawei-LoopBack0]q
[Huawei]int lo	
[Huawei]int LoopBack 1
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip ad	
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28
[Huawei-LoopBack1]q
[Huawei]int	
[Huawei]interface g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad	
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30
Jul 10 2022 01:11:29-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol
 IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[Huawei]int	
[Huawei]interface g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad	
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30
Jul 10 2022 01:11:55-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol
 IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[Huawei]dis	
[Huawei]display ip int	
[Huawei]display ip interface b	
[Huawei]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.2/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.9/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         192.168.1.65/28      up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         192.168.1.81/28      up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
[Huawei]
//配置各个端口及环回
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]
[Huawei]ip ro	
[Huawei]ip route-s	
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
//缺省路由
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip ro	
[Huawei]ip route-s	
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[Huawei]

 //静态路由
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 null 0
[Huawei]
[Huawei]undo ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 null 0
[Huawei]ip ro	
[Huawei]ip route-s	
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 null 0

//避免环路
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int ;o	
[Huawei]int lo	
[Huawei]int LoopBack 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip ad	
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[Huawei-LoopBack0]q
[Huawei]int lo	
[Huawei]int LoopBack 1
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip ad	
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28
[Huawei-LoopBack1]q
[Huawei]int	
[Huawei]interface g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad	
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30
Jul 10 2022 01:11:29-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol
 IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[Huawei]int	
[Huawei]interface g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad	
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30
Jul 10 2022 01:11:55-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol
 IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[Huawei]dis	
[Huawei]display ip int	
[Huawei]display ip interface b	
[Huawei]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.2/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.9/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         192.168.1.65/28      up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         192.168.1.81/28      up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
[Huawei]


<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]
[Huawei]ip ro	
[Huawei]ip route-s	
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
//缺省路由
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip ro	
[Huawei]ip route-s	
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
//静态路由
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 null 0
[Huawei]
[Huawei]undo ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 null 0
[Huawei]ip ro	
[Huawei]ip route-s	
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 null 0
//以上避免环路问题
 

AR3:

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int lo	
[Huawei]int LoopBack 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip ad
                        ^
Error:Incomplete command found at '^' position.
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip ad	
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.97 28
[Huawei-LoopBack0]q
[Huawei]int lo	
[Huawei]int LoopBack 1
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip ad	
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.113 28
[Huawei-LoopBack1]q
[Huawei]int 	
[Huawei]interface g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad	
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.6 30
Jul 10 2022 01:13:57-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol
 IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[Huawei]int	
[Huawei]interface g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad	
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.13 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Jul 10 2022 01:14:22-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol
 IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[Huawei]dis	
[Huawei]display ip int	
[Huawei]display ip interface b	
[Huawei]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.6/30       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.13/30      up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         192.168.1.97/28      up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         192.168.1.113/28     up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
[Huawei]
//端口配置
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip ro	
[Huawei]ip route-s	
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
//缺省路由
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip ro	
[Huawei]ip route-s	
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14
 //静态路由
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip ro	
[Huawei]ip route-s	
[Huawei]ip rou	
[Huawei]ip route-s	
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 null 0
//避免环路

AR4:

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int lo	
[Huawei]int LoopBack 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip ad	
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28
[Huawei-LoopBack0]q
[Huawei]int lo	
[Huawei]int LoopBack 1
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip ad	
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28
[Huawei-LoopBack1]q
[Huawei]int	
[Huawei]interface g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad	
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.14 30
Jul 10 2022 01:17:14-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol
 IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[Huawei]int	
[Huawei]interface g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad	
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.10 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Jul 10 2022 01:17:58-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol
 IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[Huawei]int	
[Huawei]interface g0/0/2
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip ad	
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.21 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
Jul 10 2022 01:18:35-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol
 IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state. 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[Huawei]int	
[Huawei]interface g4/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip ad	
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.17 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]
Jul 10 2022 01:19:10-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol
 IP on the interface GigabitEthernet4/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]q
[Huawei]dis	
[Huawei]display ip int	
[Huawei]display ip interface b	
[Huawei]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 7
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 0
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 7
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 0

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.14/30      up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.10/30      up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              192.168.1.21/30      up         up        
GigabitEthernet4/0/0              192.168.1.17/30      up         up        
LoopBack0                         192.168.1.129/28     up         up(s)     
LoopBack1                         192.168.1.145/28     up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
[Huawei]
//端口配置
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip ro	
[Huawei]ip route-s	
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[Huawei]
//缺省路由
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip	
[Huawei]ip ro	
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[Huawei]

 //静态路由
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip rou	
[Huawei]ip route-s	
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.128 27 null 0

  //避免环路
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61
//AR4配置缺省路由优先级
[Huawei]interface GigabitEtherent 4/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEtherent 4/0/0]shutdown
//断掉4/0/0接口

 AR5:

[Huawei]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.22/30      up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.1.18/30      up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         5.5.5.5/24           up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     


//端口
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.21 preference 61
//AR5向AR4的通信备份

 然后开始测试:

 

 成功,则此次试验结束

 

 

### RT-DETRv3 网络结构分析 RT-DETRv3 是一种基于 Transformer 的实时端到端目标检测算法,其核心在于通过引入分层密集正监督方法以及一系列创新性的训练策略,解决了传统 DETR 模型收敛慢和解码器训练不足的问题。以下是 RT-DETRv3 的主要网络结构特点: #### 1. **基于 CNN 的辅助分支** 为了增强编码器的特征表示能力,RT-DETRv3 引入了一个基于卷积神经网络 (CNN) 的辅助分支[^3]。这一分支提供了密集的监督信号,能够与原始解码器协同工作,从而提升整体性能。 ```python class AuxiliaryBranch(nn.Module): def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels): super(AuxiliaryBranch, self).__init__() self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=1) self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels) def forward(self, x): return F.relu(self.bn(self.conv(x))) ``` 此部分的设计灵感来源于传统的 CNN 架构,例如 YOLO 系列中的 CSPNet 和 PAN 结构[^2],这些技术被用来优化特征提取效率并减少计算开销。 --- #### 2. **自注意力扰动学习策略** 为解决解码器训练不足的问题,RT-DETRv3 提出了一种名为 *self-att 扰动* 的新学习策略。这种策略通过对多个查询组中阳性样本的标签分配进行多样化处理,有效增加了阳例的数量,进而提高了模型的学习能力和泛化性能。 具体实现方式是在训练过程中动态调整注意力权重分布,确保更多的高质量查询可以与真实标注 (Ground Truth) 进行匹配。 --- #### 3. **共享权重解编码器分支** 除了上述改进外,RT-DETRv3 还引入了一个共享权重的解编码器分支,专门用于提供密集的正向监督信号。这一设计不仅简化了模型架构,还显著降低了参数量和推理时间,使其更适合实时应用需求。 ```python class SharedDecoderEncoder(nn.Module): def __init__(self, d_model, nhead, num_layers): super(SharedDecoderEncoder, self).__init__() decoder_layer = nn.TransformerDecoderLayer(d_model=d_model, nhead=nhead) self.decoder = nn.TransformerDecoder(decoder_layer, num_layers=num_layers) def forward(self, tgt, memory): return self.decoder(tgt=tgt, memory=memory) ``` 通过这种方式,RT-DETRv3 实现了高效的目标检测流程,在保持高精度的同时大幅缩短了推理延迟。 --- #### 4. **与其他模型的关系** 值得一提的是,RT-DETRv3 并未完全抛弃经典的 CNN 技术,而是将其与 Transformer 结合起来形成混合架构[^4]。例如,它采用了 YOLO 系列中的 RepNCSP 模块替代冗余的多尺度自注意力层,从而减少了不必要的计算负担。 此外,RT-DETRv3 还借鉴了 DETR 的一对一匹配策略,并在此基础上进行了优化,进一步提升了小目标检测的能力。 --- ### 总结 综上所述,RT-DETRv3 的网络结构主要包括以下几个关键组件:基于 CNN 的辅助分支、自注意力扰动学习策略、共享权重解编码器分支以及混合编码器设计。这些技术创新共同推动了实时目标检测领域的发展,使其在复杂场景下的表现更加出色。 ---
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